MSG lesions decrease body mass of suckling-age rats by attenuating circadian decreases of energy expenditure

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. E604-E611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Schoelch ◽  
Thomas Hübschle ◽  
Ingrid Schmidt ◽  
Barbara Nuesslein-Hildesheim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Suckling-age rats display endogenous circadian rhythmicity of metabolic rate (MR) with energy-saving, torpor-like decreases, which are sympathetically controlled and suppressed by leptin treatment. We investigated whether neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment, known to cause arcuate nucleus damage and adult-age obesity, alters energy balance in the first two postnatal weeks. Continuously recorded MR and core temperatures (Tc) show that MSG treatment disinhibits the periodic, sympathetically controlled, energy-saving drops of Tc and MR. Increased energy expenditure thus explains reduced body fat at normal lean body mass found in MSG-treated pups artificially nourished identically to controls. In MSG-treated mother-reared pups, lean body mass is additionally reduced, suggesting that MSG also reduces suckling. Plasma leptin levels are similar in controls and MSG-treated pups but higher per unit of fat mass in the latter. We conclude that the postweaning development of MSG obesity and depressed thermogenesis are preceded by an early phase of increased energy expenditure with decreased fat deposition during suckling age and hypothesize cell damage in the arcuate nucleus to be involved in both.

scholarly journals IL-37 Expression Reduces Lean Body Mass in Mice by Reducing Food Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Kuipers ◽  
Andrea van Dam ◽  
Dov Ballak ◽  
Ellemiek de Wit ◽  
Charles Dinarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

The human cytokine interleukin (IL)-37 is an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Transgenic expression of IL-37 in mice protects them from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic complications including dyslipidemia, inflammation and insulin resistance. The precise mechanism of action leading to these beneficial metabolic effects is not entirely known. Therefore, we aimed to assess in detail the effect of transgenic IL-37 expression on energy balance, including food intake and energy expenditure. Feeding homozygous IL-37 transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) control mice a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal palm fat) for 6 weeks showed that IL-37 reduced body weight related to a marked decrease in food intake. Subsequent mechanistic studies in mice with heterozygous IL-37 expression versus WT littermates, fed the HFD for 18 weeks, confirmed that IL-37 reduces food intake, which led to a decrease in lean body mass, but did not reduce fat mass and plasma lipid levels or alterations in energy expenditure independent of lean body mass. Taken together, this suggests that IL-37 reduces lean body mass by reducing food intake.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin regulates POMC expression via STAT3 and potentiates leptin response

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadeep Dey ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Ruifeng Teng ◽  
Mawadda Alnaeeli ◽  
ZhiYong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽  
Neural Cultures

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is essential for metabolic homeostasis and responds to leptin by producing several neuropeptides including proopiomelanocortin (POMC). We previously reported that high-dose erythropoietin (Epo) treatment in mice while increasing hematocrit reduced body weight, fat mass, and food intake and increased energy expenditure. Moreover, we showed that mice with Epo receptor (EpoR) restricted to erythroid cells (ΔEpoRE) became obese and exhibited decreased energy expenditure. Epo/EpoR signaling was found to promote hypothalamus POMC expression independently from leptin. Herein we used WT and ΔEpoREmice and hypothalamus-derived neural culture system to study the signaling pathways activated by Epo in POMC neurons. We show that Epo stimulation activated STAT3 signaling and upregulated POMC expression in WT neural cultures. ΔEpoREmice hypothalamus showed reduced POMC levels and lower STAT3 phosphorylation, with and without leptin treatment, compared toin vivoandex vivoWT controls. Collectively, these data show that Epo regulates hypothalamus POMC expression via STAT3 activation, and provide a previously unrecognized link between Epo and leptin response.

Relationship between the metabolic syndrome and physical activity energy expenditure: a MONET study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony D. Karelis ◽  
Marie-Ève Lavoie ◽  
Virginie Messier ◽  
Diane Mignault ◽  
Dominique Garrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Activity Energy

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women. The study population consisted of 137 overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women (age, 57.7 ± 4.8 years; BMI, 32.4 ± 4.6 kg·m–2). Subjects had the MetS if 3 out of the following 5 criteria were met: visceral fat > 130 cm2, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 1.29 mmol·L–1, fasting triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol·L–1, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, and fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol·L–1. We measured (i) body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); (ii) visceral fat (by computed tomography); (iii) insulin sensitivity (using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); (iv) plasma lipids, fasting glucose, and insulin, as well as 2 h glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test; (v) resting blood pressure; (vi) peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak); (vii) PAEE (using doubly labeled water); and (viii) lower-body muscle strength (using weight-training equipment). Forty-two women (30.7%) had the MetS in our cohort. Individuals without the MetS had significantly higher levels of PAEE (962 ± 296 vs. 837 ± 271 kcal·d–1; p < 0.05), VO2 peak (18.2 ± 3.0 vs. 16.7 ± 3.2 mL·min–1·kg–1; p < 0.05), and insulin sensitivity, as well as significantly lower levels of 2 h glucose and central lean body mass. No differences in total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, and muscle strength between groups were observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that 2 h glucose (odds ratio (OR): 1.50 (95% CI 1.17–1.92)), central lean body mass (OR: 1.17 (95% CI 1.05–1.31)), and PAEE (OR: 0.998 (95% CI 0.997–1.000)), but not VO2 peak and (or) muscle strength, were independent predictors of the MetS. Lower levels of PAEE and higher levels of 2 h glucose, as well as central lean body mass, are independent determinants of the MetS in our cohort of overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Dietary glutamate reduced body fat but increased lean body mass in weaning rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosei Sakai ◽  
Tomomi Kuwahara ◽  
Yasuko Kawamata ◽  
Hidehiro Nakamura ◽  
Kunio Torii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Reduced Body

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and body composition in children with Crohn’s disease: effect of enteral nutrition and treatment with prednisolone

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Azcue ◽  
M Rashid ◽  
A Griffiths ◽  
P B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Compartments

Background—Malnutrition and growth retardation are common complications of Crohn’s disease in children. The contribution of resting energy expenditure (REE) to malnutrition is unclear.Aims—To characterise the REE and body composition in children with Crohn’s disease and compare them with normal controls and patients with anorexia nervosa; to compare the effects of prednisolone and enteral nutrition on energy expenditure and body composition.Subjects—Twenty four children with Crohn’s disease, 19 malnourished females with anorexia nervosa, and 22 healthy control subjects were studied.Methods—In children with Crohn’s disease measurements were done when the disease was acute and repeated at one and three months after treatment with either prednisolone or enteral nutrition. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition by anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, total body potassium, H218O, and bromide space studies.Results—Body weight and ideal body weight were significantly lower in patients with Crohn’s disease than in healthy controls. Lean tissue was depleted and there was an increase in extracellular water. Per unit of lean body mass, there was no difference between REE in patients with Crohn’s disease and controls, whereas patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly reduced REE. With enteral nutrition all body compartments and REE increased significantly (p<0.001). In a subgroup of age-matched men there was a significant increase in height after three months of enteral nutrition compared with prednisolone (p<0.01). Those treated with steroids did not show a significant change in height but did show an increase in all body compartments. However, intracellular water as well as lean body mass accretion were significantly higher in the enteral nutrition group than in the prednisolone group.Conclusions—Despite being malnourished, children with Crohn’s disease fail to adapt their REE per unit of lean body mass. This might be a factor contributing to their malnutrition. Lean tissue accretion is higher in patients treated with enteral nutrition than in those treated with prednisolone.

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. E1207-E1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Harris ◽  
Lorraine M. Lanningham-Foster ◽  
Shelly K. McCrady ◽  
James A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Young Subjects

The association between free-living daily activity and aging is unclear because nonexercise movement and its energetic equivalent, nonexercise activity thermogenesis, have not been exhaustively studied in the elderly. We wanted to address the hypothesis that free-living nonexercise movement is lower in older individuals compared with younger controls matched for lean body mass. Ten lean, healthy, sedentary elderly and 10 young subjects matched for lean body mass underwent measurements of nonexercise movement and body posture over 10 days using sensitive, validated technology. In addition, energy expenditure was assessed using doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Total nonexercise movement (acceleration arbitrary units), standing time, and standing acceleration were significantly lower in the elderly subjects; this was specifically because the elderly walked less distance per day despite having a similar number of walking bouts per day compared with the young individuals. The energetic cost of basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, total daily energy expenditure, and nonexercise activity thermogenesis were not different between the elderly and young groups. Thus, the energetic cost of walking in the elderly may be greater than in the young. Lean, healthy elderly individuals may have a biological drive to be less active than the young.

scholarly journals High Protein Intake Affects Lean Body Mass but Not Energy Expenditure in Nonobese Neutered Cats

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 2084S-2086S ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nguyen ◽  
Véronique Leray ◽  
Henri Dumon ◽  
Lucile Martin ◽  
Brigitte Siliart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Protein Intake
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