Development in calves and heifers after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. E497
Author(s):  
L L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Estrous Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Growth was inhibited markedly in prepuberal bull and heifer calves after either hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy as compared with that found in sham-operated calves or in unoperated calves. Male mounting behavior and evidence of puberal estrous behavior were lost or undetected after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy. Testes regressed, contained few spermatogonia and interstitial cells, and lacked spermatogenesis. Epithelial cells of seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and prostate were cuboidal, indicating inadequate testicular androgen. Atresia of numerous ovarian follicles and reduced ovarian weight occurred in hypophysectomized heifer calves. Graafian follicles regressed after hypophysial stalk transection of sexually mature heifers, but ovaries responded to pregnant mare serum and human chorionic gonadotropin by follicular development, ovulation, and formation of multiple corpora lutea. Thyroid and adrenal gland weights decreased and adrenal cortices atrophied after hypophysectomy, but not after stalk transection. Thyroid glands contained colloid-filled follicles with flattened epithelial cells; atrophy was more extensive after hypophysectomy. Hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy severely depresses growth and arrests sexual development in young calves, but in mature animals exongenous gonadotropins can sustain gonadal function.

Reproduction in the mountain possum, Trichosurus caninus (Ogilby), in captivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
RA How
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction was studied in eight female T. caninus held in captivity in Armidale, N.S.W., for up to 5 yr. Oestrus was diagnosed from the vast increase in epithelial cells in the vaginal smear, post-oestrus being detected by the appearance of many leucocytes and of some elongate epithelial cells. The mean of 17 oestrous cycles was 26.4+- 1.0 days and the mean of 10 gestation periods was 16.2+-0.2 days. The teats evert and the female first ovulates at the end of her 2nd year, but no captive female gave birth till near the end of her 3rd year. In the anatomy of the uteri and vaginae, T. caninus resembles T. vulpecula but the ovaries of T. caninus are markedly distinguished by the presence of up to seven large corpora lutea. Although the weight of the luteal tissue may contribute as much as 83.9 % of the total ovarian weight, there is no evidence from the uteri that these large corpora lutea are functional in hormone secretion. The luteal cells are large but vacuolated and are separated by a well developed network of connective tissue. As the corpora lutea persist throughout the life of the animal, it is suggested that their number be used to indicate the maximum age of the animal.

POSTWEANING CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE SOW

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Growth Changes

The postweaning growth changes in the reproductive tract of the sow were determined in 98 Yorkshire sows slaughtered at 2-day intervals from weaning (day 0) to day 16 postweaning. At the time of weaning, after a 42-day lactation, the reproductive tract resembled that of a prepubertal gilt or anestrous sow. From weaning to day 6 (estrus), the only observed change in the ovaries was an increase in size of the vesicular follicles. After ovulation there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in ovarian weight (day 6, 8.2 ± 0.3 g; day 8, 6.0 ± 0.5 g). Subsequently ovarian weight increased with development of the corpora lutea (day 16, 13.2 ± 0.9 g). Growth of the oviducts and cervix followed the pattern of ovarian follicle growth with an increase (P < 0.01) in weight and length until day 6 postweaning (7.5 ± 0.6 g, 51.7 ± 2.2 cm, and 108 ± 7 g, 15.9 ± 0.9 cm, respectively). After ovulation, the weight and length of the oviducts and the cervix declined to those observed on day 2 postweaning. Uterine weight increased (P < 0.01) from weaning to day 6 postweaning (137 ± 24 g to 371 ± 24 g). A small increase (P < 0.01) in length was observed by day 4 postweaning (125 ± 8 cm to 151 ± 5 cm). After ovulation, uterine weight decreased to 278 ± 15 g by day 8 postweaning. Subsequently both weight and length increased to day 16 postweaning (455 ± 31 g, 264 ± 11 cm). Thus, while growth of the oviducts, uterus and cervix were associated with preovulatory follicular development only uterine growth was postiviely associated with development of the corpora lutea. Key words: Sow, postweaning, reproductive tract growth

Reproduction of the Spinifex Hopping Mouse (Notomys-Alexis) in the Natural-Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sexually Mature

Seven field trips to Curtin Springs Station, in the south of the Northern Territory (two in July and five in December-January), were carried out between July 1984 and January 1991 to investigate the reproductive activity of spinifex hopping mice in the natural environment. Gonadal activity was determined from most samples of animals collected. Pregnant animals were present on only one occasion (December 1988-January 1989), but two females collected in December 1985 had corpora lutea in their ovaries. Most adult males were, by contrast, sexually mature, as indicated by germ-cell associations in the seminiferous tubules, spermatozoa in the excurrent ducts, and secretion in the lumina of the ventral prostates and seminal vesicles. Nevertheless, the testes were invariably very small, 2-4 germ-cell associations were sometimes present in tubule cross-sections, epididymal spermatozoa were highly pleiomorphic and seminal vesicles minute. Such morphological traits are thus invariable features of the reproductive biology of males of this species.

Electron Microscopic Study of the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of Aging Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
V. F. Allison ◽  
G. C. Fink ◽  
G. W. Cearley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium

It is well known that epithelial hyperplasia (benign hypertrophy) is common in the aging prostate of dogs and man. In contrast, little evidence is available for abnormal epithelial cell growth in seminal vesicles of aging animals. Recently, enlarged seminal vesicles were reported in senescent mice, however, that enlargement resulted from increased storage of secretion in the lumen and occurred concomitant to epithelial hypoplasia in that species.The present study is concerned with electron microscopic observations of changes occurring in the pseudostratified epithelium of the seminal vescles of aging rats. Special attention is given to certain non-epithelial cells which have entered the epithelial layer.

scholarly journals Sperm Bundles in the Seminal Vesicles of Sexually Mature Lasius Ant Males

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e93383 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Burnett ◽  
Jürgen Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Ant Males ◽  
Sexually Mature

scholarly journals Sexual Transmission of XMRV: A Potential Infection Route

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Sharma ◽  
Kenneth A. Rogers ◽  
Suganthi Suppiah ◽  
Ross J. Molinaro ◽  
Nattawat Onlamoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation

Although XMRV dissemination in humans is a matter of debate, the prostate of select patients seem to harbor XMRV, which raises questions about its potential route of transmission. We established a model of infection in rhesus macaques inoculated with XMRV. In spite of the intravenous inoculation, all infected macaques exhibited readily detectable XMRV signal in the reproductive tract of all 4 males and 1 female during both acute and chronic infection stages. XMRV showed explosive growth in the acini of prostate during acute but not chronic infection. In seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testes, XMRV protein production was detected throughout infection in interstitial or epithelial cells. In the female monkey, epithelial cells in the cervix and vagina were also positive for XMRV gag. The ready detection of XMRV in the reproductive tract of male and female macaques infected intravenously suggests the potential for sexual transmission for XMRV.

scholarly journals Low Dose Ketoconazole Therapy and Thyroid Functions in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çaksen ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Selim Kurtoğlu ◽  
Figen Öztürk ◽  
Yüksel Okumuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Glands

To determine whether low dose ketoconazole (KTZ) has antithyroid action, we studied thyroid function tests in the 13 rats treated with KTZ (20 mg/kg twice daily) for thirty days. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were decreased (P <0.05) and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were mildly increased (P >0.05) at the end of treatment. Histopathological analysis of the thyroid glands demonstrated an increase in cylindrical cells in study group, but the epithelial cells were mainly cubical in control group. These findings showed that low dose KTZ had antithyroid effect in rats. The responsible mechanisms may be direct effect of the drug on thyroid gland.

Influence of thymectomy on growth of secondary reproductive structures in rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Long Evans

Ventral prostate glands and seminal vesicles of Long-Evans rats, thymectomized at 6–6 1/2 weeks of age and autopsied 3 weeks later, were significantly heavier than those of sham-operated rats. Values for thymectomized rats were as great as or greater than those for unoperated controls. The influence of thymectomy and sham operation was less pronounced when surgery was performed on rats which had not yet entered or had completed the most rapid phase of sexual development. A possible role of the thymus gland in the response to stress is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING COUMESTROL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PREPUBERTAL LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. NEWSOME ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Relative Binding

Coumestrol and estradiol were fed to prepubertal ewe lambs for 12 days. The level of coumestrol fed relative to estradiol was estimated from the relative binding affinities of the uterine cytosol estrogen receptors to be the biologically effective amount. The effects of coumestrol treatment were increased uterine weight and decreased ovarian weight and follicular development. There was a relationship between uterine weight and exchanged tritiated estradiol bound to the endometrial cell nuclear pellet.

1 PROGESTERONE AS THE DRIVING REGULATORY FORCE BEHIND SERUM FSH CONCENTRATIONS AND ANTRAL FOLLICULAR GROWTH IN CYCLIC EWES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
T. E. Baby ◽  
P. M. Bartlewski
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Follicular Waves

Ovarian antral follicles in sheep grow in an orderly succession, producing typically 3 to 4 follicular waves per 17-day estrous cycle. Each wave is preceded by a transient increase in circulating FSH concentrations. The mechanism controlling the number of recurrent FSH peaks and emerging follicular waves remains unknown. During the ewe's estrous cycle, the time between the first 2 FSH peaks and days of wave emergence is longer than the intervals separating the ensuing FSH peaks and follicular waves. The prolonged inter-peak/inter-wave interval occurs early in the luteal phase when low levels of progesterone are secreted by developing, or non-fully functional, corpora lutea. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of varying progesterone (P4) levels on circulating concentrations of FSH and antral follicular development in sheep. Exogenous P4 (15 mg per ewe i.m.) was administered twice daily to 6 cycling Rideau Arcott × Dorset ewes from Day 0 (ovulation) to Day 4 (the mean duration of the inter-wave interval); 6 animals served as controls. Follicular growth was monitored in all animals by daily transrectal ultrasonography (Days 0 to 9). Jugular blood samples were drawn twice a day from Day 0 to 4 and then daily until Day 9 to measure systemic concentrations of P4 and FSH. The first FSH peak post-ovulation was detected on Day 1.4 ± 0.2 and 4.0 ± 0.2 in treated and control ewes, respectively (P < 0.05). The next FSH peak(s) occurred on Days 3.4 ± 0.3 and 5.2 ± 0.2 in the treatment group and on Day 5.5 ± 0.3 in controls. Consequently, the treatment group had, on average, 3 follicular waves emerging on Days 0, 3, and 6, whereas the controls produced 2 waves emerging on Days 0 and 5 (P < 0.05).We then retrospectively analyzed and compared daily serum concentrations of P4 and FSH obtained in cyclic Western White Face ewes (Columbia × Rambouillet) that had 3 (n = 10) or 4 (n = 19) follicular waves per cycle. Mean P4 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in sheep with 4 waves per cycle compared with their counterparts, which had 3 waves of follicular growth. Interestingly, the ewes with 3 waves exceeded (P < 0.05) all animals with 4 follicular waves in mean serum FSH concentrations on Days 0 to 2, 6 to 7, and 9 to 15 post-ovulation. In summary, creation of mid-luteal phase levels of P4 in metestrus shortened the time to the first post-ovulatory FSH peak in ewes, resulting in emergence of one more follicular wave compared with control animals during the same time frame. The ewes exhibiting 4 waves of follicular emergence had greater serum levels of P4 but lower FSH concentrations compared with sheep with 3 waves per cycle. Therefore, progesterone appears to be a key endocrine signal governing the control of periodic increases in serum FSH concentrations and the number of follicular waves in cyclic sheep. This study was funded by OMAFRA and NSERC grants. Appreciation is extended to Norman C. Rawlings, Susan Cook, and Sekallu Srinivas (University of Saskatchewan) and the staff at Ponsonby Sheep Research Station.

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