Recovery of 13C in breath from NaH13CO3 infused by gut and vein: effect of feeding

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. E426-E438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hoerr ◽  
Y. M. Yu ◽  
D. A. Wagner ◽  
J. F. Burke ◽  
V. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Line P ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Atom Percent Excess

Estimates of substrate oxidation obtained from appearance of 13C or 14C from tracers in breath must be corrected for retention of labeled carbon in the body. We aimed to determine the effect of a defined experimental diet and metabolic status on recovery of infused Na [13C]bicarbonate in breath. Six healthy male subjects consumed an experimental diet for 7 days before receiving a continuous infusion of formula without tracer on day 8 and received either an intragastric (ig) or intravenous (iv) infusion of Na [13C]bicarbonate on day 9 or 11 during a 4-h postabsorptive (PA), 4-h continuously fed period. A trend toward increasing PA breath enrichment during the first 7 diet days approached statistical significance (P = 0.051), whereas breath enrichments measured 3 h postbreakfast were consistently higher than PA values throughout and did not change over the 7-day period. Breath enrichments during a 4-h continuous ig infusion of formula without tracer on day 8 rose 2.0 +/- 0.5 atom percent excess (APE).10(-3) above base line (P less than 0.001, ANOVA). In the tracer studies, breath enrichments were similar for the ig and iv routes of tracer infusion. For the ig infusion the fraction of infused Na [13C]bicarbonate recovered in breath as 13CO2 was 0.74 +/- 0.02 for the PA period and 0.79 +/- 0.02 for the fed period. For the iv infusion the fraction recovered was 0.70 +/- 0.04 for the PA period and 0.82 +/- 0.03 for the fed period. Fractional recoveries were not significantly different for ig and iv routes of administration but were different for PA and fed periods (P less than 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA). The fractional recoveries for the fed period obtained here were similar to the value 0.81 reported in a number of other studies. Recovery of tracer in breath increased linearly with O2 uptake and CO2 production, suggesting that factors affecting respiratory gas exchange may alter recovery. We conclude that the primary factor determining label recovery is the immediate and recent nutritional status of the host.

scholarly journals The potential factors affecting the perception of aesthetic smile among adult patients attending Dental clinics of Jazan University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (81) ◽  
pp. 1966-1979
Author(s):  
Fawzia Shaabi ◽  
Bandar Al-Makramani ◽  
Fuad Al-Sanabani ◽  
Alraawi Abdo ◽  
Ahmari Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction: Aesthetic smile is an important part for every patient since it plays a vital role in his personality, selfconfidence and self-esteem. Aim: To assess the relationship between the potential factors affecting the perception of aesthetic smile among adult patients, to evaluate the patient's satisfaction toward their smile and to find the most common factors for their dissatisfaction caused by smile. Materials and methods: A 100 males and 100 females were evaluated for the presence or absence of aesthetic smile. The clinical examination was included categories related to personal aesthetic factors of the smile. A questioner designed by Goldstein to measure the patient's self-perception and satisfaction of their smiles was used. The data were pooled for analysis, statistical significance was set to p-value ˃ 0.05. Results: There was a significant differences in the parallel interpupillary line and coincided of dental midlines alone and with facial midlines in the aesthetic and non-aesthetic choices, also between the symmetry of maxillary central and lateralicisors, and canines with their axial inclinations choices (p< 0.05). Some group of questions showed significant differences among female and male subjects while, the male subjects Some questions were near to the statistical significant differences, while others showed no significace between males and females choices. Conclusion: Dental and facial factors showed highly significant relationship with aesthetic smile. So, it should be observed by a dental specialist to provide a proper treatment plan with respect to the potential factors of the aesthetics to help for self-satisfaction measurement.

Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽  
Georgiy Loginov ◽  
Vladimir Dolich ◽  
Nataliya Komleva ◽  
Galina Rakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

scholarly journals Biodistribution of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Administration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2925
Author(s):  
Manuel Sanchez-Diaz ◽  
Maria I. Quiñones-Vico ◽  
Raquel Sanabria de la Torre ◽  
Trinidad Montero-Vílchez ◽  
Alvaro Sierra-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intralesional Injection ◽  
Intraarterial Infusion ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Administration Routes

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are of great interest in cellular therapy. Different routes of administration of MSCs have been described both in pre-clinical and clinical reports. Knowledge about the fate of the administered cells is critical for developing MSC-based therapies. The aim of this review is to describe how MSCs are distributed after injection, using different administration routes in animal models and humans. A literature search was performed in order to consider how MSCs distribute after intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intraarticular and intralesional injection into both animal models and humans. Studies addressing the biodistribution of MSCs in “in vivo” animal models and humans were included. After the search, 109 articles were included in the review. Intravenous administration of MSCs is widely used; it leads to an initial accumulation of cells in the lungs with later redistribution to the liver, spleen and kidneys. Intraarterial infusion bypasses the lungs, so MSCs distribute widely throughout the rest of the body. Intramuscular, intraarticular and intradermal administration lack systemic biodistribution. Injection into various specific organs is also described. Biodistribution of MSCs in animal models and humans appears to be similar and depends on the route of administration. More studies with standardized protocols of MSC administration could be useful in order to make results homogeneous and more comparable.

scholarly journals Ecological and Physiological Factors Affecting Brood Patch Area and Prolactin Levels in Arctic-Nesting Geese

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jón Einar Jónsson ◽  
Alan D. Afton ◽  
Ray T. Alisauskas ◽  
Cynthia K. Bluhm ◽  
Mohamed E. El Halawani
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Brood Patch ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Ross's Geese

AbstractWe investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition would be stronger in Ross's Geese than in the larger Snow Geese. We found that brood patch area was positively related to clutch volume and inversely related to prolactin levels in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Nest size, nest habitat, and first egg date did not affect brood patch area in either species. Prolactin levels increased as incubation progressed in female Snow Geese, but this relationship was not significant in Ross's Geese. Prolactin levels and body condition (as indexed by size-adjusted body mass) were inversely related in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition are relatively stronger in Ross's Geese, because they mobilize endogenous reserves at faster rates than Snow Geese.Factores Ecológicos y Fisiológicos que Afectan el Área del Parche de Incubación y los Niveles de Prolactina en Gansos Nidificantes del Ártico

Relationship of end-expiratory pressure, lung volume, and 99mTc-DTPA clearance

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cooper ◽  
H. van der Zee ◽  
B. R. Line ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Line P

We investigated the dose-response effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and increased lung volume on the pulmonary clearance rate of aerosolized technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). Clearance of lung radioactivity was expressed as percent decrease per minute. Base-line clearance was measured while anesthetized sheep (n = 20) were ventilated with 0 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure. Clearance was remeasured during ventilation at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 20 cmH2O PEEP. Further studies showed stepwise increases in functional residual capacity (FRC) (P less than 0.05) measured at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cmH2O PEEP. At 2.5 cmH2O PEEP, the clearance rate was not different from that at base line (P less than 0.05), although FRC was increased from base line. Clearance rate increased progressively with increasing PEEP at 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O (P less than 0.05). Between 15 and 20 cmH2O PEEP, clearance rate was again unchanged, despite an increase in FRC. The pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA shows a sigmoidal response to increasing FRC and PEEP, having both threshold and maximal effects. This relationship is most consistent with the hypothesis that alveolar epithelial permeability is increased by lung inflation.

Factors affecting perfusion distribution in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1498-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ali ◽  
L. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors affecting perfusion distribution in oleic acid pulmonary edema were examined in 28 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Sixteen had unilobar oleic acid edema produced by left lower lobe pulmonary artery infusion of 0.03 ml/kg of oleic acid, and 12 had the same amount of edema produced by left lower lobe endobronchial instillation of hypotonic plasma. Lobar perfusion (determined from flow probes) and lobar shunt (determined from mixed venous and lobar venous blood) were measured at base line, 1.5 h after edema, and 10 min after 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Fourteen dogs (8 oleic acid, 6 plasma) received sodium nitroprusside (11.72 +/- 7.10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Total and lobar shunts increased to the same extent in all animals. Lobar perfusion decreased by 49.8 +/- 4.8% without nitroprusside and 34.0 +/- 3.6% with nitroprusside in the oleic acid group, corresponding values being 40.3 +/- 0.8% and 26.4 +/- 1.7% in the hypotonic plasma group. PEEP returned perfusion and shunt to base line. In oleic acid edema, most of the decreased perfusion results from mechanical effects of the edema, a smaller fraction results from other vascular effects of the oleic acid, and approximately 30% is reversible by nitroprusside. PEEP normalizes the perfusion distribution.

Disequilibrium in patients with atherosclerosis

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent I.H. Kwa ◽  
Laura H. Zaal ◽  
Bernard Verbeeten ◽  
Jan Stam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Impact Profile ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pontine Nuclei ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Walking Tests ◽  
Body Care

Objective: To examine the clinical relevance of isolated pontine hyperintense lesions(PHLs) on MRI in patients with atherosclerosis.Methods: Seventeen atherosclerotic patients with isolated PHL on MRI were compared with 17 patients without PHL and were matched for age, sex, and initial manifestation of atherosclerosis. Subjects and observer were blinded to the MRI findings. We assessed symptoms, impairment, and disability with a structured interview and neurologic examination as well as disability scales.Results: On all items, patients with PHL scored worse that did their controls. We found the largest differences in frequencies of symptoms of disequilibrium, difficulties with speech or swallowing, the Timed Walking Test, and the body care and movement subscale of the Sickness Impact Profile. Except for disequilibrium (p = 0.04), these differences did not reach statistical significance. Abnormal tandem-walking tests were more frequent in patients than they were in controls. Pyramidal signs were equally distributed.Conclusions: We propose PHL as a cause of symptoms of disequilibrium in patients with atherosclerosis. Symptoms are probably elicited by dysfunction of the corticopontine fibers, the pontocerebellar fibers, or the pontine nuclei.

Does Xbox 360 Kinect training improve postural balance in young healthy adults? A preliminary study. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Grabowicz ◽  
Anna Daniluk ◽  
Anna Hadamus ◽  
Dariusz Białoszewski
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P Balance

BACKGROUND Balance training in young adults may increase coordination, cognitive function or the symmetry of strength on both sides of the body. It is an essential tool for injury or fall prevention and a precondition for becoming a professional athlete. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Xbox 360 Kinect training on postural balance in young, healthy individuals. METHODS The study enrolled 75 individuals who were randomly assigned to three equal groups. The first group (Group VR) performed exercises on an Xbox 360 Kinect console, and the second group (Group T) performed conventional all-round exercises. The third group was a control group (Group C). Each group underwent balance assessments on the Biodex Balance posturographic platform, including the Balance Error Scoring System test, before and after the training cycle. The level of statistical significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS Group VR and Group T achieved statistically significant improvements in the sway index compared with baseline. Group T gained significant decrease in the sway index on the unstable surface (P=.002). Group VR and group T demonstrated significant decreases in the mean sway index on stable and unstable surfaces (group VR — P=.035; group T — P=.001) Group C did not achieve a statistically significant improvement in the sway index. None of the groups demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the test error count. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality in the form of video games played on an Xbox 360 Kinect console may be an effective method of balance training in healthy individuals.

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