Contractile mechanisms of canine colonic propulsion

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. G530-G538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sethi ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the contractile mechanisms of propulsion in the dog colon. "Propagation index" indicating caudad or orad propagation of contractile states exhibited the strongest correlation with transit during both the fasting and the postprandial states. Other parameters, such as total duration of contractile states and area under contractions, also contributed to transit, but to a lesser degree. All parameters exhibited a stronger correlation with transit during the fasting than during the postprandial state. During the fasting state, the transit rate was faster in the proximal than in the middle colon. The transit rate was linear through the proximal and the middle colon during the postprandial state. In contrast to the phasic contractions and the contractile states, the giant migrating contractions were ultrapropulsive. We conclude that the propagation of contractile states in the colon is a major factor in the slow net distal propulsion of colonic contents. The individual phasic contractions may mainly produce mixing and agitation of colonic contents. Giant migrating contractions rapidly propel colonic contents over long distances.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF TESTING OF MODERN INDIVIDUAL MILKING INSTALLATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kryshtal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the research: comprehensive assessment of the individual milking unit of the company "Kurtsan" (Turkey) during operation. Methods of research: Analysis of the structural features of the individual milking unit performed by the observation method given to test sample, the quality of the machine was evaluated by standardized methods: the quality of the technological process and operational-technological indicators in accordance with the SOU 74.3-37-273, energy indices according to DSTU 2331, economic Indicators according to DSTU 4397, safety indicators and ergonomics according to DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70. Research Results: The conducted research confirms a sufficiently high quality of the technological process of selection of milk in cows in the conditions of use of milking installation in a personal economy, which provides favorable conditions for the milking of the cow, taking into account its physiological features. Performance per hour of basic time is 10 heads. Milking installation works on the principle of a closed milking system, thanks to which milk does not contact the environment and immediately from the basin enters a sealed can. Such system protects milk from the possibility of bacterial and physical contamination. Milk obtained during milking by milking installation according to quality indicators (acidity, density, content of somatic cells, mass fraction of dry matter, mass fraction of fat) meets the requirements for the first grade according to DSTU 3662. Milking installation is equipped with a dry vacuum pump. Power consumption during installation does not exceed 0.54 kW. Specific electricity consumption for milking of one cow is 0.05 kWh / head. Annual operating expenses for milking of two cows in the farm are 1591.90 UAH / head. Conclusions. According to the testing of the individual milking plant manufacturing company "KURTSAN", it has been established that this installation reliably performs the technological process of machine milking of cows in milking can for their tethered maintenance and allows you to get milk of the first grade. The total duration of visiting one cow is 5.75 minutes. The average intensity of milk is 1.0 kg / min. Milking machine provides complete bodies of cows. The magnitude of the control manual feed is 50 ml. The milking machine is equipped with an adjustable pulsator of pairwise milking, which creates a manual milking process and works for a working vacuum of 40 ± 1 kPa, which prevents injury to dies and diseases of mastitis. In the cover the "Stop-Milk" system is installed, which prevents milk from entering a vacuum pump during the overflow of the poor, or water while washing All items are compactly assembled on a single cart. However, a small diameter of wheels on an unequal surface creates some inconvenience to the operator during the transportation of the machine with a filled milk capacity. The application of the installation increases the amount of milk received. Its gentle work does not harm the emotional and physical health of the cow: the dysfunctions during operation are not pushed, and light vibration creates a massage effect. Milking installation allows you to significantly reduce the labor of service personnel in an economy with a maintenance of 1 to 10 cows.

Spectral analysis of electrogastrogram

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.25) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
R Chandrasekaran ◽  
R J. Hemalatha ◽  
T J. Kowshic ◽  
Josephin Arokiya Dhivya ◽  
T R. Thamizh vani
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Stomach Motility

Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the normal motility of muscle in the stomach and is commonly called as paralysis of stomach. Electrogastrography is the technique for measuring electrical activity of the stomach. The Electrogastrography is also used to measure the gastric mobility and various stomach disorders like tachy-gastria, brady-gastria, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastric tumor etc. Electrogastrogram is the graphical representation of the Electrogastrography. The Electrogastrography procedure is recommended by the physician to diagnose the dis orders in the stomach. Electrogastrography procedure is taken generally under two conditions: Fasting condition and post prandial condition. This procedure is followed strictly to measure the gastric activity and gastric emptying test. The food is propelled into the stomach and the pacemaker of the stomach fails to contract the muscles of stomach that leads to gastroparesis condition. The diabetic patients often get into the gastroparesis condition. This remains as a major factor; stomach motility is slowed down. In this paper, data acquisition system for acquiring multichannel electrogastrogram is developed and the gastric signal is acquired and analysed using MATLAB. Through the spectral analysis of gastric slow-wave, the gastroparesis condition is diagnosed. The MEGG-Multichannel Channel Electrogastrogram signal is acquired in two states: Fasting state and Postprandial state.   

scholarly journals Analysis of runoff deficit using the treshold method for the case of three gauging stations in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Jan Cunja ◽  
Mira Kobold ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Regional Character

This analysis deals with the comparison of volume and duration of runoff deficits using different drought thresholds for the gauging stations Polana on the Ledava, Litija on the Sava, and Kubed on the Rižana Rivers with different climatic conditions for the hydrologically driest years in the period 1960–2016 in Slovenia. Using the threshold method, all events in which discharge fell below a pre-selected threshold value were identified as drought events. Three different values were chosen for the threshold value, namely the mean low periodic discharge sQnp and the percentiles of flow duration curve Q90 and Q80. For each gauging station, the event with the largest deficit volume and duration, as well as the total annual deficit volume and the total duration of drought events for the individual year, were selected using different threshold values. The study’s results demonstrate that the choice of drought threshold can have a great impact on the results of runoff deficit analyses. The absolute values of the duration and volume of the runoff deficits increase with higher threshold values. Also the ratios between the results of the individual years change slightly when the threshold value changes. Regardless of the choice of the threshold, 2003 proved to be the driest year according to all four selected drought characteristics and for all three analysed gauging stations, followed by 1993, 1971, and 2012, respectively. However, drought is a specific phenomenon of a regional character and is reflected differently in the different regions of Slovenia.

scholarly journals The scientific justification of the preparation's algorithm of the patients for oral prosthetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Antonova ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
T. B. Tkatchenko ◽  
S. B. Ulitovskiy ◽  
G. A. Khatskevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
The Individual

The therapeutic and diagnostic activity is a collective work that is carried out jointly by specialists in different directions of dentistry and support units. The main goal of this type of activity is to improve the dental health by preventing dental diseases. It includes the treatment and rehabilitation using various ways of replacement of the lost integrity of the dentition and restoration of the teeth using a prosthetic. In order to do this, it is necessary to prepare the teeth and the pulp of the oral cavity for prosthetics. The sequence of preparatory activities includes a series of steps carried out in sequence: preventive, hygienic, therapeutic (including periodontal), surgical and orthopedic (including orthodontics). Each of these stages includes a series of manipulations, the sequence and number of which is determined by the individual dental status of each patient. The inspection and preparation of a comprehensive plan for the treatment involves a sequence of all these actions carried out by a team of experts in agreement with the patient, evidenced by the «informed consent» subscription. After the preparatory activities, it is possible to go to the final stage, that is to make a prosthetic appliance to the patient. The total duration of all phases of preparatory activities preceding the prosthetics depends on the complexity of the steps themselves, and is determined by the severity of the related dental diseases. The treatment of these diseases is the main part of the preparatory activities.

A Study of Fasting and Postprandial Lipid Profile among Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Kottayam, Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (39) ◽  
pp. 3411-3416
Author(s):  
Sneha Varikkaatu Prasanna ◽  
Prasantha Kumar Thankappan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by insulin resistance which is associated with glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, a procoagulant state, and an increase in the microvascular and the macrovascular disease. The high cardiovascular mortality which is associated with type 2 DM is due to a prolonged, exaggerated, postprandial state. The abnormal lipid profile in the postprandial state is more significant than the abnormal lipid profile in the fasting state in causing atherosclerotic complications in type 2 diabetes. Very few studies are available on the estimation of the postprandial lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients. The purpose of this study was to compare fasting and postprandial lipid levels among patients with and without diabetes mellitus and find out the correlation between duration of detection of diabetes mellitus and postprandial lipid levels among patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS This is a cross sectional analytical study of a study population of 200 subjects including in patients and out patients of wards and diabetic clinic of Government Medical College, Kottayam from April 2017 to March 2018. Data was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) for statistical analysis. RESULTS Diabetic patients had impaired fasting and postprandial lipid profiles. Impairment in postprandial lipid profile when compared to non-diabetics was statistically significant. Duration of detection of diabetes and postprandial lipid levels showed weak positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS The postprandial lipid profile in diabetes mellitus patients is significantly deranged compared to fasting state and is an important factor in assessing their cardiovascular risk. Hence, there is a need to stress on postprandial lipid profile estimation in diabetic patients. KEYWORDS Fasting Lipid Profile, Postprandial Lipid Profile, Type 2 Diabetics, Nondiabetics

Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of Movement Control Spinal Exercise Programme on Pain and Mobility in Individual with Non-Specific Low Back Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Celina Elias D’souza ◽  
Sandeep Shinde ◽  
Prachiti Bhore
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Test Assessment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Individual

Background: Low back pain is the most common condition that affects the majority of the population with up to 84% lifetime prevalence. A specific diagnosis of low back pain is only possible in 15% of patients and the majority of cases the pain is non – specific low back pain (NSLBP). The main objectives were to assess the effect of movement control spinal exercises (MVCSE) on NSLBP and to examine the effect of MCSE on mobility. Methods: The study was conducted in the physiotherapy out-patient department. After screening of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 individuals with NSLBP were selected. A pre-test assessment was done, the protocol included warmup sessions, exercise protocol and cool down sessions. Exercises were demonstrated to the patients according to the spinal movements control impairment, the total duration of the protocol was of 6 weeks with one session of 1 hour per day. Later the post- test assessment was done and further statistical analysis was done. Results: After 6 weeks post evaluation, patients with flexion movement control impairment (MVCI) had improvement in their movement control; extension, lateral and rotational movement control impairments were the same as before. Conclusion: The patient- specific functional complaints and disabilities improved significantly after implementation of the individual based specific exercise programme, along with the regular physiotherapeutic interventions. Movement Control Spinal Exercise treatment has shown results in improving mobility and disability in the short term and long term for individuals with NSLBP and MVCI to than other interventions.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A CLOSED CIRCUIT CRUSHING OF COPPERMOLYBDENUM ORE

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
V. Morozov ◽  
T. Nikolaeva ◽  
I. Churelchuluun
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Screening Efficiency ◽  
Ore Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analysis Mode ◽  
Crushed Ore ◽  
Discharge Gap ◽  
Sequential Switching

To control the processes of ore treatment proposed adapted to the conditions of a closed cycle crushing-screening criterion "output productive class -2 + 10 mm", reflecting the effectiveness of all processes. The dependence of the outputs of the individual classes of ore and the proposed optimization criterion parameters of the grinding process shows their relationship with the energy intensity of the process. It is shown that the increase in the load on the screen causes a decrease in the screening efficiency and an increase in the mass fraction of class +2 mm in the circulating ore. Excessive increase in the width of the discharge gap of the crusher causes an increase in the output of the circulating product and an increase in energy consumption. Reducing the discharge gap of less than 7.5 mm leads to an increase in the output of the class - 2 mm. An improved system and algorithm for optical analysis of ore size was proposed and tested. The sensors for controlling the granulometric composition of ore are located above the conveyors for the transportation of over-and under-mortar products of the screening operation. The optical analysis mode provides for the sequential switching on / off of feeding conveyors and crushers, thereby ensuring the flow of the crushed product into the measurement zone from one crusher. The total duration of the analysis of ore from 6 crushers is 12 minutes, which does not affect the final performance of the device of crushing. The application of the developed algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of the analysis of the size of crushed ore and reduce the power consumption during the processing of ore.

Constraints on non-isothermal diffusion modeling: An experimental analysis and error assessment using halogen diffusion in melts

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smruti Sourav Rout ◽  
Burkhard C. Schmidt ◽  
Gerhard Wörner
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rapid Quench ◽  
Isothermal Diffusion ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Incremental Step

Abstract Diffusion chronometry on zoned crystals allows constraining duration of magmatic evolution and storage of crystals once temperatures are precisely known. However, non-isothermal diffusion is common in natural samples, and thus timescales may not be determined with confidence while assuming isothermal conditions. The “non-isothermal diffusion incremental step (NIDIS) model” (Petrone et al. 2016) is proposed for such cases for a non-isothermal diffusive analysis. We conducted diffusion experiments with stepwise temperature changes to analyze and test the model, evaluated the associated errors and improved the accuracy by suggesting an alternative algorithm to model diffusion times. We used Cl and F (≤0.4 wt%) as the diffusing elements in nominally anhydrous (H2O ≤ 0.3 wt%) phonolitic melt with composition of Montana Blanca (Tenerife, Spain) in an experimental setup that successively generates multiple diffusive interfaces for different temperatures by adding glass blocks of different Cl and F concentrations. This compound set of two diffusion interfaces represents distinct compositional zones that diffusively interact at different temperatures, which can be taken as an equivalent to non-isothermal diffusion in zoned magmatic crystals. The starting temperature ranged from 975 to 1150 °C, and each set of experiments included a temperature change of 85–150 °C and a total duration of 8–12 h. The experiments were carried out in an internally heated pressure vessel equipped with a rapid quench device at 1 kbar pressure. Cl and F concentration profiles were obtained from the quenched samples by electron microprobe analysis. Although the estimated diffusion times from the NIDIS-model matched well with true experimental values, the errors on estimated timescales, due to errors in curve-fitting and uncertainty in temperature, were ±10–62% (1σ). The errors are much larger at 61–288% (1σ) when the uncertainty in diffusivity parameters is included. We discuss the efficiency and limitations of the model, assess the contribution from different sources of error, and their extent of propagation. A simpler alternative algorithm is proposed that reduces errors on the estimates of diffusion time to 10–32% (1σ) and 60–75% (1σ), with and without including uncertainty in diffusivity parameters, respectively. Using this new algorithm, we recalculated the individual diffusion times for the clinopyroxene crystals analyzed by Petrone et al. (2016) and obtained a significantly reduced error of 26–40% compared to the original error of 61–100%. We also analyzed a sanidine megacryst from Taapaca volcano (N. Chile) as a test case for non-isothermal modeling and obtained diffusion times of 1.5–9.4 ky, which is significantly different from isothermal analyses including a previous study on similar sample. In this analysis, the error estimated by our new method is reduced by 63–70%.

Blood flow responses in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries in the initial phase of digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (6) ◽  
pp. R1790-R1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Someya ◽  
Masako Yamaoka Endo ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fukuba ◽  
Naoyuki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Peak Increase

Blood flow (BF) responses in the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during and immediately after a meal are poorly understood. We characterized postprandial BF responses in these arteries in the initial phase of digestion. After a baseline measurement in the overnight fasting state, healthy subjects ingested solid food (300 kcal) and water ad libitum within 5 min (4.6 ± 0.2 min, means ± SE), and then rested for 60 min in the postprandial state. Mean blood velocities (MBVs) in CA (n = 7) and SMA ( n = 9) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured throughout the procedure. The MAP was divided by the MBV to yield the resistance index (RI). The MBV in CA and SMA started increasing within a minute after beginning the meal. The MBV in CA rapidly reached its peak increase (60 ± 8% change from baseline) at 5 ± 1 min after the start of the meal, whereas the MBV in SMA gradually reached its peak increase (134 ± 14%) at 41 ± 4 min after the start of the meal, reflecting a decrease in the RI for both CA and SMA. These findings suggested an earlier increase in CA and SMA MBV, implying that the increase of BF in some parts of the small intestine precedes the arrival of chyme.

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