scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A CLOSED CIRCUIT CRUSHING OF COPPERMOLYBDENUM ORE

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
V. Morozov ◽  
T. Nikolaeva ◽  
I. Churelchuluun
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Screening Efficiency ◽  
Ore Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analysis Mode ◽  
Crushed Ore ◽  
Discharge Gap ◽  
Sequential Switching

To control the processes of ore treatment proposed adapted to the conditions of a closed cycle crushing-screening criterion "output productive class -2 + 10 mm", reflecting the effectiveness of all processes. The dependence of the outputs of the individual classes of ore and the proposed optimization criterion parameters of the grinding process shows their relationship with the energy intensity of the process. It is shown that the increase in the load on the screen causes a decrease in the screening efficiency and an increase in the mass fraction of class +2 mm in the circulating ore. Excessive increase in the width of the discharge gap of the crusher causes an increase in the output of the circulating product and an increase in energy consumption. Reducing the discharge gap of less than 7.5 mm leads to an increase in the output of the class - 2 mm. An improved system and algorithm for optical analysis of ore size was proposed and tested. The sensors for controlling the granulometric composition of ore are located above the conveyors for the transportation of over-and under-mortar products of the screening operation. The optical analysis mode provides for the sequential switching on / off of feeding conveyors and crushers, thereby ensuring the flow of the crushed product into the measurement zone from one crusher. The total duration of the analysis of ore from 6 crushers is 12 minutes, which does not affect the final performance of the device of crushing. The application of the developed algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of the analysis of the size of crushed ore and reduce the power consumption during the processing of ore.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF TESTING OF MODERN INDIVIDUAL MILKING INSTALLATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kryshtal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the research: comprehensive assessment of the individual milking unit of the company "Kurtsan" (Turkey) during operation. Methods of research: Analysis of the structural features of the individual milking unit performed by the observation method given to test sample, the quality of the machine was evaluated by standardized methods: the quality of the technological process and operational-technological indicators in accordance with the SOU 74.3-37-273, energy indices according to DSTU 2331, economic Indicators according to DSTU 4397, safety indicators and ergonomics according to DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70. Research Results: The conducted research confirms a sufficiently high quality of the technological process of selection of milk in cows in the conditions of use of milking installation in a personal economy, which provides favorable conditions for the milking of the cow, taking into account its physiological features. Performance per hour of basic time is 10 heads. Milking installation works on the principle of a closed milking system, thanks to which milk does not contact the environment and immediately from the basin enters a sealed can. Such system protects milk from the possibility of bacterial and physical contamination. Milk obtained during milking by milking installation according to quality indicators (acidity, density, content of somatic cells, mass fraction of dry matter, mass fraction of fat) meets the requirements for the first grade according to DSTU 3662. Milking installation is equipped with a dry vacuum pump. Power consumption during installation does not exceed 0.54 kW. Specific electricity consumption for milking of one cow is 0.05 kWh / head. Annual operating expenses for milking of two cows in the farm are 1591.90 UAH / head. Conclusions. According to the testing of the individual milking plant manufacturing company "KURTSAN", it has been established that this installation reliably performs the technological process of machine milking of cows in milking can for their tethered maintenance and allows you to get milk of the first grade. The total duration of visiting one cow is 5.75 minutes. The average intensity of milk is 1.0 kg / min. Milking machine provides complete bodies of cows. The magnitude of the control manual feed is 50 ml. The milking machine is equipped with an adjustable pulsator of pairwise milking, which creates a manual milking process and works for a working vacuum of 40 ± 1 kPa, which prevents injury to dies and diseases of mastitis. In the cover the "Stop-Milk" system is installed, which prevents milk from entering a vacuum pump during the overflow of the poor, or water while washing All items are compactly assembled on a single cart. However, a small diameter of wheels on an unequal surface creates some inconvenience to the operator during the transportation of the machine with a filled milk capacity. The application of the installation increases the amount of milk received. Its gentle work does not harm the emotional and physical health of the cow: the dysfunctions during operation are not pushed, and light vibration creates a massage effect. Milking installation allows you to significantly reduce the labor of service personnel in an economy with a maintenance of 1 to 10 cows.

Optical Analysis of a Heliostat Array With Linked Tracking

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dunham ◽  
R. Kasetty ◽  
A. Mathur ◽  
W. Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
East West

The optical performance of a novel solar concentrator consisting of a 400 spherical heliostat array and a linked two-axis tracking system is analyzed using the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. The optical efficiency and concentration ratio are compared for four different heliostat linkage configurations, including linkages of 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5 heliostats for 7-hour operation and the selected months of June and December. The optical performance of the concentrator decreases with the increasing number of heliostats in the individual groups due to increasing optical inaccuracies. In June, the best-performing linked configuration, in which 1 heliostat in the east-west direction and 2 heliostats in the north-south direction are linked, provides a monthly-averaged 7-hour optical efficiency and average concentration ratio of 79% and 511 suns, respectively. In December, the optical efficiency and the average concentration ratio decreases to 61% and 315 suns, respectively.

Contractile mechanisms of canine colonic propulsion

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. G530-G538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sethi ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the contractile mechanisms of propulsion in the dog colon. "Propagation index" indicating caudad or orad propagation of contractile states exhibited the strongest correlation with transit during both the fasting and the postprandial states. Other parameters, such as total duration of contractile states and area under contractions, also contributed to transit, but to a lesser degree. All parameters exhibited a stronger correlation with transit during the fasting than during the postprandial state. During the fasting state, the transit rate was faster in the proximal than in the middle colon. The transit rate was linear through the proximal and the middle colon during the postprandial state. In contrast to the phasic contractions and the contractile states, the giant migrating contractions were ultrapropulsive. We conclude that the propagation of contractile states in the colon is a major factor in the slow net distal propulsion of colonic contents. The individual phasic contractions may mainly produce mixing and agitation of colonic contents. Giant migrating contractions rapidly propel colonic contents over long distances.

scholarly journals Analysis of runoff deficit using the treshold method for the case of three gauging stations in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Jan Cunja ◽  
Mira Kobold ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Regional Character

This analysis deals with the comparison of volume and duration of runoff deficits using different drought thresholds for the gauging stations Polana on the Ledava, Litija on the Sava, and Kubed on the Rižana Rivers with different climatic conditions for the hydrologically driest years in the period 1960–2016 in Slovenia. Using the threshold method, all events in which discharge fell below a pre-selected threshold value were identified as drought events. Three different values were chosen for the threshold value, namely the mean low periodic discharge sQnp and the percentiles of flow duration curve Q90 and Q80. For each gauging station, the event with the largest deficit volume and duration, as well as the total annual deficit volume and the total duration of drought events for the individual year, were selected using different threshold values. The study’s results demonstrate that the choice of drought threshold can have a great impact on the results of runoff deficit analyses. The absolute values of the duration and volume of the runoff deficits increase with higher threshold values. Also the ratios between the results of the individual years change slightly when the threshold value changes. Regardless of the choice of the threshold, 2003 proved to be the driest year according to all four selected drought characteristics and for all three analysed gauging stations, followed by 1993, 1971, and 2012, respectively. However, drought is a specific phenomenon of a regional character and is reflected differently in the different regions of Slovenia.

scholarly journals The scientific justification of the preparation's algorithm of the patients for oral prosthetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Antonova ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
T. B. Tkatchenko ◽  
S. B. Ulitovskiy ◽  
G. A. Khatskevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
The Individual

The therapeutic and diagnostic activity is a collective work that is carried out jointly by specialists in different directions of dentistry and support units. The main goal of this type of activity is to improve the dental health by preventing dental diseases. It includes the treatment and rehabilitation using various ways of replacement of the lost integrity of the dentition and restoration of the teeth using a prosthetic. In order to do this, it is necessary to prepare the teeth and the pulp of the oral cavity for prosthetics. The sequence of preparatory activities includes a series of steps carried out in sequence: preventive, hygienic, therapeutic (including periodontal), surgical and orthopedic (including orthodontics). Each of these stages includes a series of manipulations, the sequence and number of which is determined by the individual dental status of each patient. The inspection and preparation of a comprehensive plan for the treatment involves a sequence of all these actions carried out by a team of experts in agreement with the patient, evidenced by the «informed consent» subscription. After the preparatory activities, it is possible to go to the final stage, that is to make a prosthetic appliance to the patient. The total duration of all phases of preparatory activities preceding the prosthetics depends on the complexity of the steps themselves, and is determined by the severity of the related dental diseases. The treatment of these diseases is the main part of the preparatory activities.

scholarly journals Effect of Movement Control Spinal Exercise Programme on Pain and Mobility in Individual with Non-Specific Low Back Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Celina Elias D’souza ◽  
Sandeep Shinde ◽  
Prachiti Bhore
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Test Assessment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Individual

Background: Low back pain is the most common condition that affects the majority of the population with up to 84% lifetime prevalence. A specific diagnosis of low back pain is only possible in 15% of patients and the majority of cases the pain is non – specific low back pain (NSLBP). The main objectives were to assess the effect of movement control spinal exercises (MVCSE) on NSLBP and to examine the effect of MCSE on mobility. Methods: The study was conducted in the physiotherapy out-patient department. After screening of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 individuals with NSLBP were selected. A pre-test assessment was done, the protocol included warmup sessions, exercise protocol and cool down sessions. Exercises were demonstrated to the patients according to the spinal movements control impairment, the total duration of the protocol was of 6 weeks with one session of 1 hour per day. Later the post- test assessment was done and further statistical analysis was done. Results: After 6 weeks post evaluation, patients with flexion movement control impairment (MVCI) had improvement in their movement control; extension, lateral and rotational movement control impairments were the same as before. Conclusion: The patient- specific functional complaints and disabilities improved significantly after implementation of the individual based specific exercise programme, along with the regular physiotherapeutic interventions. Movement Control Spinal Exercise treatment has shown results in improving mobility and disability in the short term and long term for individuals with NSLBP and MVCI to than other interventions.

scholarly journals Methods of experimental testing operating parts in individual dispenser of mixed fodders

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Banha, V. ◽  
Krupych, O. ◽  
Yatsko, S.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Individual Compound ◽  
Experimental Installation ◽  
Screening Experiment ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Individual

Purpose. Improving the reliability of the results of the study of the working bodies of the individual compound feed dispenser by improving the method of their implementation. Methods. Experimental research of the working bodies in individual metering of feed were carried out using the laws of kinematics and dynamics and with the use of strain gauges. Method planned experiment using the theory of screening experiment, statistical processing of research results with the use PC. Results. The experimental installation has been developed for research of cone and cone-blade working bodies by individual batcher of compound feeds with devices for measuring, registration and transfer of information by electric signals of the current values mass stream in dynamic mode, display and storage of information and control and measuring devices for measurement power of process dosing and irregularity delivery of compound feed. Weight of compound feed in the bunker by individual batcher, changes direction movement stream of compound feed. The technique of experimental researches using the theory of screening experiment by random balance, the factors are equal to their variation, which affect the optimization criterion of the individual feed dispenser, the matrix plan of the screening experiment, the equation for determining the effects factors and the physical and mechanical properties of feed. Conclusions. Research of the working bodies in the individual feed dispenser according to the proposed technique of the random experiment by the random balance method makes it possible to establish significant and insignificant research factors (diameter and speed of the cone working body, height and number of blades, the angle of the cone at its base, the ring gap between the outlet neck of the hopper and the cone working body), to increase the reliability of the results of the experiment. Keywords: individual dispenser, experimental installation, operating part, productivity, optimization criterion, mixed fodder.

Constraints on non-isothermal diffusion modeling: An experimental analysis and error assessment using halogen diffusion in melts

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smruti Sourav Rout ◽  
Burkhard C. Schmidt ◽  
Gerhard Wörner
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rapid Quench ◽  
Isothermal Diffusion ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Incremental Step

Abstract Diffusion chronometry on zoned crystals allows constraining duration of magmatic evolution and storage of crystals once temperatures are precisely known. However, non-isothermal diffusion is common in natural samples, and thus timescales may not be determined with confidence while assuming isothermal conditions. The “non-isothermal diffusion incremental step (NIDIS) model” (Petrone et al. 2016) is proposed for such cases for a non-isothermal diffusive analysis. We conducted diffusion experiments with stepwise temperature changes to analyze and test the model, evaluated the associated errors and improved the accuracy by suggesting an alternative algorithm to model diffusion times. We used Cl and F (≤0.4 wt%) as the diffusing elements in nominally anhydrous (H2O ≤ 0.3 wt%) phonolitic melt with composition of Montana Blanca (Tenerife, Spain) in an experimental setup that successively generates multiple diffusive interfaces for different temperatures by adding glass blocks of different Cl and F concentrations. This compound set of two diffusion interfaces represents distinct compositional zones that diffusively interact at different temperatures, which can be taken as an equivalent to non-isothermal diffusion in zoned magmatic crystals. The starting temperature ranged from 975 to 1150 °C, and each set of experiments included a temperature change of 85–150 °C and a total duration of 8–12 h. The experiments were carried out in an internally heated pressure vessel equipped with a rapid quench device at 1 kbar pressure. Cl and F concentration profiles were obtained from the quenched samples by electron microprobe analysis. Although the estimated diffusion times from the NIDIS-model matched well with true experimental values, the errors on estimated timescales, due to errors in curve-fitting and uncertainty in temperature, were ±10–62% (1σ). The errors are much larger at 61–288% (1σ) when the uncertainty in diffusivity parameters is included. We discuss the efficiency and limitations of the model, assess the contribution from different sources of error, and their extent of propagation. A simpler alternative algorithm is proposed that reduces errors on the estimates of diffusion time to 10–32% (1σ) and 60–75% (1σ), with and without including uncertainty in diffusivity parameters, respectively. Using this new algorithm, we recalculated the individual diffusion times for the clinopyroxene crystals analyzed by Petrone et al. (2016) and obtained a significantly reduced error of 26–40% compared to the original error of 61–100%. We also analyzed a sanidine megacryst from Taapaca volcano (N. Chile) as a test case for non-isothermal modeling and obtained diffusion times of 1.5–9.4 ky, which is significantly different from isothermal analyses including a previous study on similar sample. In this analysis, the error estimated by our new method is reduced by 63–70%.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION ON ANTIBIOTICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287
Author(s):  
Ralph V. Platou ◽  
Waldo E. Nelson ◽  
Hattie E. Alexander ◽  
Erling S. Platou ◽  
Myron E. Wegman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

Because the participants have covered their assignments so well, a complete summary is not necessary, though it seems fair to hazard a few tentative conclusions based on our discussions. (1) No more than the broadest kind of generalizations for dosage schedules of penicillin or streptomycin are permissible at present. To serve the best interests of patients, therapy directed against any infectious agent must be individualized. Specific means for such individualization are available, and deserve wider application. (2) Probably all pathogenic micro-organisms have a number of similar mechanisms for combatting the injurious effects of antibiotic agents; some of these mechanisms have been discussed, others undoubtedly remain to be elucidated. The greatest single limiting factor for effective use of streptomycin is emergence of resistance. Some resistant organisms are probably present in any bacterial population; it is important that these be eradicated by adequate therapy at the earliest possible moment. (3) Toxic effects of penicillin are relatively minor in contrast to those of streptomycin; the danger of streptomycin therapy should be very carefully weighed against the patient's need before this agent is used. (4) Means for increasing and prolonging effective levels of antibiotic agents in body fluids at present have limited practical value, but may be of value in specific situations. (5) Clinically, "the trend" in the treatment of most infections with antibiotic agents is to increase the individual and total dosage, increase the interval between doses, reduce the number of doses and the total duration of therapy. By the very mechanism of their action, these agents should never be used to "taper off" an effective clinical response. They are rarely justified for minor infections or for an all too common indication, "just in case."

scholarly journals Collective mechanical adaptation of honeybee swarms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Peleg ◽  
J.M. Peters ◽  
M.K. Salcedo ◽  
L. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Mechanical Adaptation ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions

Honeybee Apis mellifera swarms form clusters made solely of bees attached to each other, forming pendant structures on tree branches (1). These clusters can be hundreds of times the size of a single organism. How these structures are stably maintained under the influence of static gravity and dynamic stimuli (e.g. wind) is unknown. To address this, we created pendant conical clusters attached to a board that was shaken with varying amplitude, frequency and total duration. Our observations show that horizontally shaken clusters spread out to form wider, flatter cones, i.e. the cluster adapts to the dynamic loading conditions, but in a reversible manner - when the loading is removed, the cluster recovers its original shape, slowly. Measuring the response of a cluster to a sharp pendular excitation before and after it adapted shows that the flattened cones deform less and relax faster than the elongated ones, i.e. they are more stable mechanically. We use particle-based simulations of a passive assemblage to suggest a behavioral hypothesis that individual bees respond to local variations in strain. This behavioral response improves the collective stability of the cluster as a whole at the expense of increasing the average mechanical burden experienced by the individual. Simulations using this rule explain our observations of adaptation to horizontal shaking. The simulations also suggest that vertical shaking will not lead to significant differential strains and thus no adaptation. To test this, we shake the cluster vertically and find that indeed there is no response to this stimulus. Altogether, our results show how an active, functional super–organism structure can respond adaptively to dynamic mechanical loading by changing its morphology to achieve better load sharing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document