Streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially affects sympathetic innervation and control of plantar metatarsal and mesenteric arteries in the rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. H215-H228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufer J. Johansen ◽  
Diana Tripovic ◽  
James A. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Transmural Pressure ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

In humans neural control of arterial vessels supplying skin in the extremities is particularly vulnerable to the effects of diabetes. Here the streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of type 1 diabetes was used to compare effects on neurovascular function in plantar metatarsal arteries (PMAs), which supply blood to skin of hind paw digits, with those in mesenteric arteries (MAs). Twelve weeks after STZ (60 mg/kg ip), wire myography was used to assess vascular function. In PMAs, lumen dimensions were unchanged but both nerve-evoked contractions and sensitivity to α1 (phenylephrine, methoxamine)- and α2 (clonidine)-adrenoceptor agonists were reduced. The density of perivascular nerve fibers was also reduced by ∼25%. These changes were not observed in PMAs from STZ-treated rats receiving either a low dose of insulin that did not greatly reduce blood glucose levels or a high dose of insulin that markedly reduced blood glucose levels. In MAs from STZ-treated rats, nerve-evoked increases in force did not differ from control but, because lumen dimensions were ∼20% larger, nerve-evoked increases in effective transmural pressure were smaller. Increases in effective transmural pressure produced by phenylephrine or α,β-methylene ATP in MAs from STZ-treated rats were not smaller than control, but the density of perivascular nerve fibers was reduced by ∼10%. In MAs, the increase in vascular dimensions is primarily responsible for reducing effectiveness of nerve-evoked constrictions. By contrast, in PMAs decreases in both the density of perivascular nerve fibers and the reactivity of the vascular muscle appear to explain impairment of neurovascular transmission.

Partial protection against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia by superoxide dismutase linked to polyethylene glycol

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
kjell Asplund ◽  
Kjell Grankvist ◽  
Stefan Marklund ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Superoxide Radicals ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract. To test the possible role of superoxide radicals in the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin, blood glucose levels were measured in mice after a single high-dose (150 mg/kg body weight) or multiple low-dose (40 mg/kg for 5 days) injections of streptozotocin. Pre-treatment 6 h before streptozotocin with 250–300 mg/kg superoxide dismutase coupled to polyethylene glycol reduced the hyperglycaemic response in mice injected with a single dose of streptozotocin. The blood glucose levels after multiple low doses of streptozotocin were not affected by superoxide dismutase-polvethvlene glycol. Enzymatically inactive superoxide dismutase did not affect the development of hyperglycaemia. The results suggest that superoxide radicals may play a role in the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin injected as a high-dose single bolus.

Signs of nerve regeneration following pancreas transplantation in an insulin-dependent diabetic with neuropathy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1064-1065
Author(s):  
J.L. Beggs ◽  
P.C. Johnson ◽  
A.G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Cleary ◽  
C.J. Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Nerve disease is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia directly or indirectly causes structural damage and functional impairment of nerve fibers. Despite conventional therapy, there continues to be a substantial incidence of diabetic complications. Development of complications is thought to be due to abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels. The number of pancreas transplants performed for the treatment of diabetic complications has increased dramatically in the last few years. Unlike conventional therapy, functional pancreas grafts provide normal fasting blood glucose levels, near-normal glucose tolerance, and normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. In this report, we address the following question: will functional pancreas grafts prevent or reverse the structural nerve damage caused by diabetes mellitus?A 53 y/o man developed insulin-dependent diabetes at age 35. Nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy developed despite conventional insulin therapy. To treat these complications, pancreas segment transplant was performed. The donor was his identical twin. The recipient was treated with low-dose immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and prednisone). He has remained euglycemic for 3 years and requires neither insulin therapy nor oral hypoglycemic agents. Clinical examinations during the 3 years post-transplantation have revealed progressive improvement in vision, nerve function and a stabilization in renal function.

scholarly journals Blood Glucose Changes during Neurosurgery

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Male
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Blood glucose levels were studied prospectively in 40 patients undergoing elective major craniotomy. A significant (p < 0.01) hyperglycaemic response was noted after scalp infiltration with adrenaline and incision (0.5 mmol/l) and with continued surgery (0.9 mmol/l). Patients aged 50 years and under showed a significantly greater rise with adrenaline and incision than older patients (0.8 compared with 0.4 mmol/l p < 0.01). Preoperative high dose steroid therapy did not modify the response Blood glucose changes were unrelated to sex, obesity, a family history of diabetes, the duration of starvation, intraoperative body temperature, anaesthetic technique induced hypotension or blood loss.

scholarly journals Nursing Care for a Patient in the Course of Diabetic Foot with the Use of Innovative URGO Dressings that Stimulate Wound Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Health Organization

In the 21st century, diabetic foot syndrome (ZSC) affects patients with advanced diabetes. Referring to the scope of the WHO World Health Organization, "diabetic foot syndrome" is the result of infection, small and large blood vessels in the features of neuropathic nerve fibers resulting from increased blood glucose levels, as well as ischemia of varying levels. Untreated diabetic foot can be completed even to amputation ends in different ways of healing managed by patients whose chances of improvement in health can also be used using therapy [1-5].

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.) Dan KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) PADA TIKUS JANTAN PUTIH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Herviani Sari ◽  
Vera Estefania Kaban ◽  
Friska Raulina Situmorang ◽  
Firdaus Fahdi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Purpose: To determine the effect of decreasing blood glucose levels in white rats using a combination of meniran and rosella compared to glibenclamide. Method: This research was carried out experimentally. Simplicia of meniran leaves and rosella macerated using 80% ethanol. The research used 21 rats that were induced by alloxan and divided into 7 groups and all compared using glibenclamide.Group 1 (negative control) CMC Na 1%, group 2 (positive control) glibenclamide dose 0.45 mg/kgMB, group 3 single roselle extract dose 130 mg/kgMB, group 4 single meniran leaf extract dose 200 mg/kgMB, group 5 combination of meniran leaf extract dose of 100 mg/kgMB and rosella extract dose of 65 mg/kgMB, group 6 combination of meniran leaf extract dose of 200 mg/kgMB and rosella extract dose of 130 mg/kgMB, and group 7 meniran leaf extract combination dose 400 mg/kgMB and rosella extract dose 195 mg/kgMB. Result: The results showed that rats had hyperglycemia after being induced by alloxan.Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA method followed by LSD and tukeys' B post hoct test. Having a difference in the decrease in blood glucose levels between the positive control group and the five doses of meniran extract and rosella gave a significant effect compared to the negative control group did not have a significant effect in reducing blood glucose levels. Conclusion: Single meniran extract and high-dose combination extract are more effective than glibenclamide.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidiabetic activity in Corallocarpus epigaeus rhizomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kattamanchi Gnananath ◽  
Kontham Ramakanth Reddy ◽  
Gudur Pavan Kumar ◽  
Bheemanapally Krishna ◽  
Karka Srinivas Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

From these results it can be understood that plant extract showing its pharmacological action on diabetes between the time intervals of 1-2 hr after its administration. This is exactly what the action that is being observed from the standard Glibenclamide group which also shown its action at its 1-2 hr of administration to the animals. Here the statistically significant action of the higher dose of plant extract can be compared with that of the standard Glibenclamide group. From these results it can be understood that the plant extract is capable of inhibiting the elevation of blood glucose level to the extent of the action that has been shown by the standard Glibenclamide group. Particularly at the time interval of 2-4 hr both the Glibenclamide and plant extract at its high dose group that is 400 mg/kg has been significantly inhibited the elevation of the blood glucose levels in the animals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13581 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 53-56

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dan KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) pada TIKUS JANTAN PUTIH SEBAGAI HEWAN PERCOBAAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Herviani Sari ◽  
Vera Estefania Kaban ◽  
Friska Raulina Situmorang ◽  
Firdaus Fahdi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by the body's inability to produce the hormone insulin or due to ineffective use of insulin production. Diabetes has become a global problem, DM prevalence of 4.6%, estimated in 2000 amounted to 5.6 million. One of the plants that can reduce blood glucose levels is meniran and rosella which are found in Indonesia. Objective : To determine the effect of decreasing blood glucose levels in white rats using a combination of meniran and rosella compared to glibenclamide.Method : This research was carried out experimentally. Simplicia of meniran leaves and rosella macerated using 80% ethanol. The research used 21 rats that were induced by alloxan and divided into 7 groups and all compared using glibenclamide.Group 1 (negative control) CMC Na 1%, group 2 (positive control) glibenclamide dose 0.45 mg / kgBB, group 3 single roselle extract dose 130 mg / kgBB, group 4 single meniran leaf extract dose 200 mg / kgBB, group 5 combination of meniran leaf extract dose of 100 mg / kgBB and rosella extract dose of 65 mg / kgBB, group 6 combination of meniran leaf extract dose of 200 mg / kgBB and rosella extract dose of 130 mg / kgBB, and group 7 meniran leaf extract combination dose 400 mg / kgBB and rosella extract dose 195 mg / kgBB. Result : The results showed that rats had hyperglycemia after being induced by alloxan.Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA method followed by LSD and tukeys' B post hoct test. Having a difference in the decrease in blood glucose levels between the positive control group and the five doses of meniran extract and rosella where p <0.05 gave a significant effect compared to the negative control group p> 0.05 did not have a significant effect in reducing blood glucose levels. Conclusion : Single meniran extract and high-dose combination extract are more effective than glibenclamide.

Reversal of the toxic effects of cachectin by concurrent insulin administration

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. E725-E731 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Fraker ◽  
M. J. Merino ◽  
J. A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Rats treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-cachectin, 100 micrograms/kg ip twice daily for 5 consecutive days, had a 56% decrease in food intake, a 54% decrease in nitrogen balance, and a 23-g decrease in body weight gain vs. saline-treated controls. Concurrent neutral protamine hagedorn insulin administration of 2 U/100 g sc twice daily reversed all of these changes to control levels without causing any treatment deaths. The improvement seen with insulin was dose independent. Five days of cachectin treatment caused a severe interstitial pneumonitis, periportal inflammation in the liver, and an increase in wet organ weight in the heart, lungs, kidney, and spleen. Concurrent insulin treatment led to near total reversal of these histopathologic changes. Cachectin treatment did not significantly change blood glucose levels from control values of 130-140 mg/dl, but insulin plus cachectin caused a significant decrease in blood glucose from 1 through 12 h after injection. Administration of high-dose insulin can near totally reverse the nutritional and histopathologic toxicity of sublethal doses of cachectin in rats.

scholarly journals Cotrimoxazole-Induced Hypoglycemia in an HIV-Infected Patient

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Hughes ◽  
Constance L Chik ◽  
Geoffrey D Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

A case of cotrimoxazole-induced hypoglycemia is described in a male patient infected with HIV. Ten days after initiating high dose cotrimoxazole for suspectedPneumocystis cariniipneumonia, the patient developed neuroglycopenic symptoms and diaphoresis. Blood glucose levels were repeatedly low, with elevated insulin and C-peptide levels despite multiple intravenous bolus doses and infusions of dextrose. Hypoglycemia resolved after approximately 36 h of treatment with dextrose and discontinuation of cotrimoxazole. A review of reported cases of hypoglycemia associated with cotrimoxazole is provided, including information about onset, risk factors and possible mechanism.

Blood glucose monitoring as a teaching tool for endocrinology: a new perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Moats
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cephalic Phase

The education of new allied health professionals and nurses in proper endocrine evaluation and care has become critical in recent years, especially considering the greatly increased prevalence of diabetes in adults and children. The evaluation of blood glucose levels in human volunteers over time is a powerful teaching tool for endocrinology that has the added benefit of exposing the student to the most fundamental task in diabetes management. The classic procedure involving the ingestion of sucrose followed by blood glucose monitoring was used here to teach the concepts of nonhormonal control of hormone release and blood glucose homeostasis. In addition, a number of volunteers did not ingest a sucrose solution but merely held it in their mouths and expectorated. This so-called “spit” technique has been successfully used to induce the cephalic phase of insulin release (CPIR), an example of neural control of hormone release. As expected, volunteers who ingested sucrose displayed a 38.5% increase in blood glucose 20 min postingestion and a concomitant decrease in blood glucose to near baseline by 60 min postingestion. Those volunteers who did not ingest the sucrose solution displayed a 12.9% reduction in blood glucose levels by 40 min postcompletion, suggestive of the CPIR, followed by a gradual increase in blood glucose levels to near baseline by 60 min postcompletion. The addition of the “spit” technique to this revised protocol of the evaluation of blood glucose exposes the student to the neural control of hormone release and a second example of energy homeostasis.

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