Fluid exchange across single capillaries in rat intestinal muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. H268-H287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Capillary Pressures ◽  
Fifth Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muscle Capillaries ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Previous studies suggest that large differences exist among fluid exchange parameters in the mesenteric, muscle, and mucosal regions of the small intestine. However, few quantitative data from the separate regions, with the exception of the mesentery, are available for comparison. In this study, quantitative measurements of hydraulic conductivities (LP) and occluded effective pressures (P'e) were made on single capillaries in rat intestinal muscle. The microcirculation of longitudinal intestinal muscle was viewed through a microscope using the method of Bohlen and Gore. The single-occlusion method of Lee, Smaje, and Zweifach was used to estimate LP and P'e in single capillaries. Details of the procedures for analyzing the experimental data using the Lee analytical model are included in an APPENDIX. Measurements were made at four different sites in each capillary studied so gradients in LP could be quantitated and variations in P'e could be detected. The average LP at the venous end of the capillaries was nearly seven times greater than LP at the arterial end. The average LP at the arterial end [18.6 +/- 2.3(SE)% of the distance (%L/Lo) from the fifth-order arterioles] was 1.32 +/- 0.4 X 10(-2) micrometers.s-1.cmH2O-1. The average LP at the venous end (%L/Lo = 81.7 +/- 2.2%) was 9.15 +/- 0.34 X 10(-2) micrometers.s-1.cmH2O-1. Values of LP at intermediate capillary locations 39.9 +/- 2.3 and 61.3 +/- 3.2% were 2.17 +/- 0.34 and 4.48 +/- 0.62 X 10(-2) micrometers.s-1.cmH2O-1, respectively. The total mean LP for all the data (132 samples, 33 capillaries, 10 rats) was 4.19 +/- 0.61 X 10(-2) micrometers.s-1.cmH2O-1. Comparison of these data with results from other tissues indicates that LP of intestinal muscle capillaries is 1.7 times greater than LP of omental capillaries and three times greater than LP of mesenteric capillaries. Values of P'e were corrected for the unoccluded state and were used to calculate total transcapillary pressures (delta P). The results suggested that the intestinal muscle layers were well hydrated and that tissue hydrostatic pressures were positive. Transcapillary fluid fluxes (JVo) at different sites on the capillaries were estimated from the relationship, JVo = LP X delta P. The results imply that intestinal muscle capillaries are primarily an absorptive network when systemic arterial pressure and capillary pressures are normal.

Capillary pressures in rat intestinal muscle and mucosal villi during venous pressure elevation

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. H174-H187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Davis ◽  
R. W. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Myogenic Response ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Pressure Elevation ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Capillary Pressures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blood Flow Redistribution

Whole-organ experiments designed to estimate the capillary filtration coefficient require information about the numerical relationship between capillary pressure and venous pressure. Indirect estimates using isogravimetric and isovolumetric methods indicate that 62-85% of a step change in venous pressure reaches the intestinal capillaries, taken as a whole. We have made direct measurements of capillary pressure with a servo-null micropressure system in the microcirculation of both the intestinal muscle and the mucosal villi of rats during local elevation of venous pressure. Consistent regional differences in the relationship between capillary pressure and venous pressure were observed. During increased venous pressure, submucosal arterioles constricted, while muscularis arterioles dilated. The diameter changes of the small arterioles were consistent with blood flow redistribution from mucosa to muscle during venous pressure elevation, but inconsistent with a pure myogenic response. These data raise questions about the exact role for the expression of the myogenic response during venous pressure elevation in the intestine and about previous interpretations of whole-organ experiments concerned with intestinal blood flow and fluid exchange.

Identifying Physico-Chemical Laws from the Robotically Collected Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Cao ◽  
Danilo Russo ◽  
Vassilios S. Vassiliadis ◽  
Alexei Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

<p>A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for symbolic regression was proposed to identify physical models from noisy experimental data. The formulation was tested using numerical models and was found to be more efficient than the previous literature example with respect to the number of predictor variables and training data points. The globally optimal search was extended to identify physical models and to cope with noise in the experimental data predictor variable. The methodology was coupled with the collection of experimental data in an automated fashion, and was proven to be successful in identifying the correct physical models describing the relationship between the shear stress and shear rate for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and simple kinetic laws of reactions. Future work will focus on addressing the limitations of the formulation presented in this work, by extending it to be able to address larger complex physical models.</p><p><br></p>

Learning Language Levels in Students Accurate with a History Academic Achievement History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Language Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.

Influence of Selected Endomycorrhizae from the Sonoran Desert and Glomus intraradices on Growth Response and Gas Exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501d-501
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Egilla ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Six endomycorrhiza isolates from the Sonoran Desert of Mexico [Desert-14(18)1, 15(9)1, 15(15)1, Palo Fierro, Sonoran, and G. geosporum] were evaluated with a pure isolate of Glomus intraradices for their effect on the growth and gas exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun under low phosphorus fertility (11 mg P/L). Rooted cuttings of Hibiscus plants were inoculated with the seven mycorrhiza isolates and grown for 122 days. Gas exchange measurements were made on days 26, 88, and 122 after inoculation, and plants were harvested on day 123 for growth analysis. Plants inoculated with the seven isolates had 70% to 80% root colonization at harvest. Plants inoculated with G. intraradices had significantly higher leaf, shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf DM/area (P ≤ 0.05) than those inoculated with any of the six isolates, and greater leaf area (LA) than Desert-15(9)1 and 15(15)1. Uninoculated plants had significantly lower leaf, shoot, root DM, leaf DM/area and LA (P ≤ 0.05) than the inoculated plants. There were no differences among the seven isolates in any of the gas exchange parameters measured [photosynthesis (A) stomatal conductance (gs), the ratio of intercellular to external CO2 (ci/ca), A to transpiration (E) ratio (A/E)]. The relationship between inoculated and uninoculated plants in these gas exchange parameters were variable on day 122 after inoculation.

Simulation on Extrusion Comminution Model of Roller Press

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1702-1707
Author(s):  
Xiang Wen Cheng ◽  
Jinchao Liu ◽  
Qi Zhi Ding ◽  
Li Ming Song ◽  
Zhan Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Extrusion Force ◽  
Particle Size Ratio ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

How to predict the relationship among particle size and among product size, to establish the relationship between the granularity and working parameters in the process of grinding and to determine the optimum operating parameters. With proposing BS squeeze crush model by L. Bass and the idea of roll surface division as the material uneven extrusion force are adopted. Based on field experiments the experimental data is analyzed, the select function and the breakage functions are fitted with MATLAB software, and obtaining their model. The comminution model is determined by the roller division. We obtain the model parameter through the experimental data. Through model analysis shows: the relationship between particle breakage and energy absorption, namely the smaller size of the same power, the lower broken; the breakage diminishes with the decrease of particle size ratio and it will be tending to a small constant when the smaller particle size ratio. The breakage functions rapidly decrease within ratio of between 0.2-0.7. This shows: the energy consumption will rapidly increase when the particle size of less than 0.2 in broken; the selection diminish with the decrease of particle size. Pressure (8-9MPa) should be the most appropriate value.

War of words: the impact of Russian state television on the Russian Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cottiero ◽  
Katherine Kucharski ◽  
Evgenia Olimpieva ◽  
Robert W. Orttung
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

How effective is Russian state television in framing the conflict in Ukraine that began with the Euromaidan protests and what is its impact on Russian Internet users? We carried out a content analysis of Dmitrii Kiselev's “News of the Week” show, which allowed us to identify the two key frames he used to explain the conflict – World War II-era fascism and anti-Americanism. Since Kiselev often reduces these frames to buzzwords, we were able to track the impact of these words on Internet users by examining search query histories on Yandex and Google and by developing quantitative data to complement our qualitative analysis. Our findings show that much of what state media produces is not effective, but that the “fascist” and anti-American frames have had lasting impacts on Russian Internet users. We argue that it does not make sense to speak of competition between a “television party” and an “Internet party” in Russia since state television has a strong impact in setting the agenda for the Internet and society as a whole. Ultimately, the relationship between television and the Internet in Russia is a continual loop, with each affecting the other.

The Tensile Property of the SPF/Cotton Blended Yarn

2011 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Qing Bin Yang ◽  
Xiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Blended Yarn ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In order to analysis the relationship between the strength and elongation and the blended ratio of SPF/Cotton blended yarn, the strength and elongation of SPF /cotton blended yarn with different blended ratio were measured and compared with the simple model. The results indicated that For the SPF/cotton blended yarn, the difference between the experimental data and the model value is remarkable because of the high cohesion of the cotton fibers.

Experimental Methodologies: Two Case Studies Investigating the Syntax- Discourse Interface

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Gupton ◽  
Tania Leal Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimenter Bias ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Theoretical Syntax ◽  
Discourse Interface ◽  
L1 And L2

AbstractThe current article examines two experimental investigations of the syntaxdiscourse interface, which address theoretical questions in different ways: the first is an L1 investigation of Galician speakers in Gupton (2010) and the second is a dual investigation of L1 and L2 Spanish reported on in Leal Méndez & Slabakova (2011). These investigations gathered quantitative data via psycholinguistic tasks with accompanying audio utilizing the WebSurveyor platform. They involved counterbalanced designs and were followed by statistical analysis. While acknowledging that experimental data does not have primacy over intuitive data, the authors endorse the use of experimental methods of data elicitation (such as the ones already used in generative SLA research) in theoretical syntax in order to avoid experimenter bias and to get a more complete picture of native speaker intuition and competencies.

Boards of Governors' Roles and Management of Government Aided Secondary Schools in Kyenjojo District, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Hellen Kabasinguzi Wataba ◽  
Nafiu Lukman Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to establish the relationship between boards of governors' (BOGs) roles and management of government aided secondary schools in Kyenjojo District. The objectives were to establish the relationship between BOGs' planning role and management of government aided secondary schools, to establish the relationship between BOGs' supervisory role and management of government aided secondary schools, to establish the relationship between BOGs' control role and management of government aided secondary schools; and to determine the major predictor of management of government aided secondary schools out of the three aspects of BOGs' roles. A correlational research design was used. A total of 90 respondents drawn from 108 BOGs and nine head teachers were selected as sample for the study using stratified random sampling and census inquiry respectively. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guide. Quantitative data was analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation and regression, while thematic analysis was used on qualitative data. The study found a statistically moderate positive and significant relationship between BOGs' planning role and management of government aided secondary schools (r=.626, p=.000); a statistically moderate positive and significant relationship between BOGs' supervisory role and management of government aided secondary schools(r=.591, p=.000); and a statistically weak positive and significant relationship between BOGs' control role and management of government aided secondary schools(r=.280, p=.015). All the three aspects of BOGs roles account for 38.4% of the influence on management of government aided secondary schools in Kyenjojo district (adjusted r2=0.384, p=.000). The researchers recommend that BOGs should be well trained in management of schools in order to be effective in their work. Head teachers should not be dictators but create a conducive climate for planning, supervision and control by the BOGs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document