Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on steroid output of rat adrenals in vitro

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Kalant ◽  
Rosemary D. Hawkins ◽  
Caroline Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels

Ethyl alcohol, 2 g/kg in 20% solution, was given to rats by gavage and the adrenals were removed 1 1/2 hr later and incubated in vitro. Their corticosteroid production was not significantly different from that of glands from water-treated or untreated controls. However, when this dose of alcohol was administered by intraperitoneal injection, a significant elevation in adrenal steroid output was observed. Increasing the dose of alcohol to 4 g/kg by stomach tube also evoked an increased adrenocortical response, but when this total dose was divided into two spaced doses, each one of 2 g/kg by stomach tube, 1 1/2 hr apart, no significant alteration in adrenocortical production was observed, despite higher blood alcohol levels and equally deep intoxication. Thus, although the blood alcohol level attained may influence the activity of the adrenal cortex, the rate of change in blood and tissue alcohol levels also seems to be a significant factor in determining whether adrenal cortical stimulation will occur. None of the treatments appeared to modify the relative proportions of the various steroids released.

Categories of Alcohol Consumers

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-214
Author(s):  
Claude Tomberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
The Brain

Common patterns of alcohol consumption are described with their main criteria, blood alcohol levels, and diagnostic criteria. Binge drinking, an acute alcohol intoxication pattern of particularly concern, is also described, as it appears to be the most common pattern among teenagers when the brain is not yet mature. A number of classification schemes have been proposed specially for social drinking and alcohol dependence, and discussions still surround about them. The article summarize a consensus in classification.

ALCOHOL-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA AND COMA CAUSED BY ALCOHOL SPONGING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-447
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Tepid Water

The inhalation of ethyl or isopropylalcohol vapor during sponge bathing may result in alcohol intoxication and coma. Ingestion of these alcohols may cause hypoglycemia in children or adults. The present case is the first reported in which alcohol-induced hypoglycemia developed following inhalation of alcohol. A six month-old male infant became comatose following sponge bathing with ethyl alcohol. He was found to have acute alcohol intoxication (blood alcohol 220 mg per 100 ml) and severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose 22 mg per 100 ml). The administration of 50% glucose in water intravenously resulted in prompt recovery. Alcohol sponging to lower elevated temperature is rarely necessary. Cooling with tepid water is effective and considerably less hazardous; the addition of alcohol is not necessary.

scholarly journals Rapid Elimination of Blood Alcohol Using Erythrocytes: Mathematical Modeling and In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya G. Alexandrovich ◽  
Elena A. Kosenko ◽  
Elena I. Sinauridze ◽  
Sergey I. Obydennyi ◽  
Igor I. Kireev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Rate Limiting

Erythrocytes (RBCs) loaded with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD) can metabolize plasma ethanol and acetaldehyde but with low efficiency. We investigated the rate-limiting factors in ethanol oxidation by these enzymes loaded into RBCs. Mathematical modeling and in vitro experiments on human RBCs loaded simultaneously with ADH and ALD (by hypoosmotic dialysis) were performed. The simulation showed that the rate of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) generation in RBC glycolysis, but not the activities of the loaded enzymes, is the rate-limiting step in external ethanol oxidation. The rate of oxidation could be increased if RBCs are supplemented by NAD+ and pyruvate. Our experimental data verified this theoretical conclusion. RBCs loaded with the complete system of ADH, ALD, NAD+, and pyruvate metabolized ethanol 20–40 times faster than reported in previous studies. The one-step procedure of hypoosmotic dialysis is the optimal method to encapsulate ADH and ALD in RBCs after cell recovery, encapsulation yield, osmotic resistance, and RBC-indexes. Consequently, transfusion of the RBCs loaded with the complete metabolic system, including ADH, ALD, pyruvate, and NAD+ in the patients with alcohol intoxication, may be a promising method for rapid detoxification of blood alcohol based on metabolism.

Effects of Functional Separation and Low Levels of Blood Alcohol on the Response to Automobile Rear-Signal Information

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Stimulus Complexity ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Stimulus Identification ◽  
Response Errors ◽  
Response Variables

The experiment investigated the effects of functional separation of brake and turn-signals, and of low levels of alcohol intoxication on a driver's ability to detect and interpret rear-signal information presented on a model automobile in a laboratory setting. Twelve experienced drivers performed the laboratory task for one-hour sessions on five successive days. Three independent variables were examined in a randomized-block, factorial design. These consisted of two levels of model type, one with brake and turn-signals combined under the same lens, the other with brake and turn-signals under separate lenses, four levels of blood alcohol, .00, .02, .05, and .08%, and six levels of stimulus complexity, representing six types of rear-signal information. Response variables consisted of response errors and the latencies between the onset of the stimulus and both the onset of the response and the completion of the response. Results indicated that the response variables were not equally sensitive to the task and that performance was significantly affected by model type and stimulus complexity. Performance deteriorated with blood alcohol levels as low as .05% on the combined model and 0.8% on the model that separated brake and turn-signal lights. Results are discussed in terms of the stimulus-identification/response-choice components of the task, and in terms of optimal coding methods for rear signals.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Profile of Acute Alcohol Intoxication during Ascending and Descending Blood Alcohol Concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A Schweizer ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott ◽  
James Danckert ◽  
Eric A Roy ◽  
Amanda Skakum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

scholarly journals Sudden cardiac death and acute drunken state: Autopsy study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Borislav Miletic ◽  
Slobodan Nikolic ◽  
Fehim Jukovic
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Alcohol Abusers

Introduction. Sudden natural death occurs unexpectedly in apparently healthy subjects, or in persons during an apparent benign phase in the course of disease. The most common cause is sudden cardiac death, which is sometimes the first and last manifestation of coronary heart disease. Alcohol directly influences excitation of myocytes, and therefore provokes arrhythmias and possibly, sudden cardiac death. Objective. To establish the frequency of sudden cardiac death in cases of acute alcohol intoxication, to determine blood alcohol concentration at the moment of death, and to determine frequency and level of ethanol intoxication in chronic alcohol abusers, as well as causes of sudden death in those cases. Method. Retrospective autopsy study was performed for a three-year-period. We analyzed cases of sudden natural death, in relation to age and gender, cause of death, and blood alcohol concentration (at least 0.5 g/L). We considered the person to be a chronic alcoholic abuser if gross examination of organs during autopsy showed changes typical for excessive and habitual alcohol consumption. Results. Our sample consisted of 997 cases: 720 men and 277 women, average age 62.0?15.2 years (min=11; max=98). Total of 753 of them died of sudden cardiac death: much more men (?2=167.364; p=0.000), significantly younger than women (t=6.203; p=0.000). We determined acute alcohol intoxication in 73 persons - average blood alcohol concentration 1.85?1.01 g/L (min=0.55; max=3.85), and 61 of them died of cardiovascular diseases (?2=236.781; df=5; p=0.000). Conclusion. In our observed sample, not many persons were under acute alcohol intoxication (around 7%). Most commonly, they were chronic alcohol abusers who died due to exacerbation of chronic heart disease, mildly or moderately intoxicated - the younger, the drunker.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Buzui on Acute Alcoholism in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Da-Chao Wen ◽  
Shu-di Gao ◽  
Xiao-yu Hu ◽  
Cheng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Acute Alcoholism ◽  
Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis

This study was designed to investigate the role of a traditional buzui recipe in anti-inebriation treatment. Buzui consists of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Fructus Chebulae, Fructus Mume, Fructus Crataegi, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, and Excrementum Bombycis. The buzui mixture was delivered by gavage, and ethanol was delivered subsequent to the final treatment. The effects of buzui on the righting reflex, inebriation rates, and the survival curve are depicted. Blood alcohol concentrations, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were recorded. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, were also measured. Our results demonstrated that a traditional buzui recipe showed significant effects on promoting wakefulness and the prevention of acute alcohol intoxication, accelerating the metabolism of alcohol in the liver and reducing the oxidative damage caused by acute alcoholism.

scholarly journals Corelations and Interferences of Blood Alcohol Levels Measured By Cordebard and Gascromatography-Headspace Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Popa Marius Florentin ◽  
Neculai-Cândea Lavinia ◽  
Comănici Ștefan-Radu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
National Level ◽  
Blood Alcohol Level ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels

Abstract Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is an organic compound belonging to the alcohol class, being the main alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is a volatile, fl ammable and colorless liquid, with a characteristic odor, being considered one of the oldest drugs consumed by humans. Taking into account the prevalence of alcohol intoxication among drivers, and also among criminal offenders, it was deemed necessary to accurately determine the blood alcohol level detected in the biological samples taken from the suspects, considering the justice system requirements regarding the application of retributive measures in direct proportion to the detected blood alcohol level. The method currently used in Romania is the modified Cordebard Nitrochromic method, which comes with certain limitations, such as the variable homogeneity of the samples that induces sampling errors, thus resulting in blood alcohol levels below the real values. For these reasons, it is deemed necessary to align the methods of ethyl alcohol dosing at a national level and to the analytical requirements of the European Union exigencies, imposing the need to adopt a new method that eliminates as many sources of error as possible, a viable candidate at the moment being the Gascromatographic-Headspace method.

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