Physiological temperature response and embryonic mortality in stressed swine

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 1471-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Wildt ◽  
GD Riegle ◽  
WR Dukelow
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Early Gestation

Physiological responses and some aspects of reproductive function were examined in mated female pigs subjected to a short-term heat stress during two intervals of early gestation. Trial 1 control and treated animals experienced temperatures of 24.0 and 40.2 degrees C, respectively, from days 2 through 13 of pregnancy. Trial 2 control and treated pigs were exposed to 23.3 and 40.4 degrees C, respectively, from days 14 through 25 of pregnancy. Both high thermal exposures caused significant increases (P less than 0.05) in rectal temperature. At body temperatures of 41.1 degrees C or above, animals became more active and behavioral patterns erratic. Stressed pigs in both trials exhibited adaptation to the short-term high thermal environment as treatment days progressed. Embryonic mortality in the stressed animals in trial 1 was greater than in controls, with the animals in the former group retaining a normal size litter or losing the entire litter by day of slaughter. A significant proportion (P less than 0.01) of litters from stressed animals contained degenerating fetuses at day 42 of gestation, suggesting a continuous or delayed effect of thermal stress on embryo survival.

Protection of Spermatogenesis with β-Carotene in Radiation Exposure. Message 1: Single Acute External γ-Irradiation. Short-Term Application of Carothynoid

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Беляев ◽  
I. Belyaev ◽  
А. Самойлов ◽  
A. Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Β Carotene

Purpose: Experimental evaluation of β-carotene correction of radiation induced by single acute γ-irradiation of spermatogenesis disorders in male (♂) F1 CBAxC97Bl mice and non-linear rats with short-term carotenoid prescription. Material and methods: Single external gamma irradiation ♂ was performed at the IGUR facility (137Cs, dose rate 0.029 Gy/s). The β-carotene suspension was administered ♂ orally 19 and 4 hours before, 4 and 24 hours after irradiation. The damage and effectiveness of protection of spermatogenesis of irradiated ♂ were judged by the state of their reproductive function. Results: The effects of correction of the short-term prescription of β-carotene radiation-induced by a single acute external gamma irradiation at doses of 3 and 5 Gy of spermatogenesis disorders in mice and rats at stages of mature spermatozoa, spermatids and spermatogonium have been established. β-carotene in ♂ mice reduced total embryonic mortality in 8–14 and 77–84 days after irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy from 46 to 36 and from 41 to 28 %, preimplantation – after 8–14 and 15–21 days – from 24 up to 13 and from 31 to 22 %, postimplantation – after 0–7 and 77–84 days – from 24 to 15 and from 25 to 7 %. In ♂ rats 0–7 days after irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy β-carotene reduced total, pre-, post- and induced postimplantation embryonic mortality from 62 to 41, from 34 to 17, from 41 to 30 and from 38 to 26 %, respectively. After 13–20 days – preimplantation mortality from 27 to 11 %. At the stage of spermatozoa after irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy increased the breeding efficiency from 70 to 100 %, fecundity – by 23–31 %; reduced total and preimplantation mortality from 49 to 39 % and from 41 to 27 %, respectively. At the stage of spermatids –sterilization was prevented and the efficiency of breeding was normalized, reduced post- and induced postimplantation mortality from 25 to 20 and from 17 to 12 %, respectively. The therapeutic and prophylactic effects of β-carotene at the spermatocyte stage are not revealed. In the spermatogonium stage, the carotenoid increased the total number and number of live embryos in pregnant female (♀) from 36 to 55 and from 20 to 50 %, reduced total and pre-implantation mortality from 81 to 56 and from 69 to 42 %, respectively. Conclusions: The prospects of β-carotene use for correction of gonadal radiation injuries in the risk groups of exposure to ionizing radiation and the inclusion of β-carotene in the scheme of drug prevention of acute radiation injuries of spermatogenesis are shown.

A comparison of ovulation rate and late embryonic mortality in ewe lambs and ewes and the rôle of late embryo loss in ewe lamb subfertility

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. G. Beck ◽  
M. C. G. Davies ◽  
B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Late Embryo

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to compare late embryonic losses in ewe lambs and ewes and to determine the effect of inducing embryonic mortality on day 15 of pregnancy on reproductive function in ewe lambs. Ovulation rate and embryo survival were determined, at 15 and 30 days after mating, in a total of 83 ewe lambs and 67 ewes. Ovulation rate was lower, at spontaneous oestrus, in ewe lambs (1·07) than in ewes (1·25; P < 0·05). There was no difference in embryo survival at day 15, as 79% of ewe lambs and 80% of ewes contained expanded conceptuses. However, embryo survival was lower in ewe lambs (69%) than ewes (88%) at day 30 (P < 0·05). Embryonic mortality was induced in an additional 18 ewe lambs with an intrauterine injection of colchicine on day 15 post mating. Four of these animals had normal length oestrous cycles, six had inter-oestrus intervals ranging from 22 to 35 days and eight did not return to oestrus. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that low ovulation rate and late embryonic losses make a significant contribution to subfertility in ewe lambs. Moreover, conceptus death is associated with luteal persistence, which may reduce reproductive performance by preventing remating.

The short-term temperature response to smoke from oil fires

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1873-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Westphal ◽  
Owen B. Toon
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Response ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Pregnancy-related outcomes for women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose McDonnell ◽  
Roger J Hart
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders

The polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that has profound implications for women throughout their reproductive years. A diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with reproductive challenges including a difficulty in conceiving as well as the pregnancy-related complications of miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes and prematurity. Consequently, polycystic ovary syndrome has profound implications for women and their offspring with regard to reproductive function in the short term and in the longer term the risk of chronic illness and congenital anomalies, and health care resources should be directed accordingly to mitigate against these risks.

Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dididgwu Nwani ◽  
Macniel Chijioke Nnaji ◽  
Stanley Ndubuisi Oluah ◽  
Paul Chinedu Echi ◽  
Helen Ogochukwu Nwamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Physiological and Behavioral Reactions of Fishes to Temperature Change

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Crawshaw
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Key Words Fish ◽  
Produce Acid

Teleost fishes possess a central nervous system thermoregulatory mechanism remarkably similar to that of other vertebrates. Inputs from peripheral and anterior brainstem thermosensitive elements are integrated to effect appropriate thermoregulatory responses. The integrated output signal from the thermoregulatory center also appears to provide an input to the respiratory system. Short-term deviations from a given temperature alter respiratory requirements, produce acid–base imbalance, and cause disturbances in fluid–electrolyte regulation. Acclimation to a given temperature involves changes that counteract these disturbances. Key words: fish, temperature change, behavioral responses, physiological responses, temperature regulation

EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL FLUSHING, SUPPLEMENTAL FAT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LYSINE FROM PUBERTY TO BREEDING AND DURING EARLY GESTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GILTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Supplemental Fat

Four experiments were conducted, using a total of 356 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred gilts, to determine the influence of flushing, supplemental fat and supplemental lysine fed from puberty to breeding (exps. 1 and 2) and from puberty through early gestation (exps. 3 and 4) on the reproductive performance of gilts. All gilts were housed in total confinement and fed ad libitum a 16% protein swine grower diet until 150 d of age. The diet was then restricted to 2 kg d−1 until puberty. The treatment diets fed from puberty to breeding in exps. 1 and 2 were: (1) control, a 12% protein barley-soybean meal gestation diet fed at 2 kg d−1 (24.4 MJ DE d−1); (2) flushing, control diet fed at 3 kg d−1 (36.6 MJ DE d−1; (3) animal fat, control diet fed at 2 kg d−1 plus 622 g of fat premix (36.6 MJ DE d−1; and (4) lysine, control diet with supplemental lysine (14 g d−1) fed at 2 kg d−1 (24.4 MJ DE d−1). After breeding, all gilts were fed control diet at 2 kg d−1 until approximately 30 d at gestation. In exps. 3 and 4, the same treatment diets were used except flushing was omitted and they were fed from puberty to approximately 30 d of gestation. No significant differences (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups were found in any of the experiments for the number of corpora lutea and normal embryos, and ovarian, uterine, and fetal weights. In exp. 2, the embryo survival rate (%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the flushing (81.7 ± 3.3) and animal fat (78.3 ± 3.3) groups than in the control (92.9 ± 3.0); however, the lysine (88.8 ± 3.5) group did not differ significantly from the other groups. The embryo survival rate was also reduced (P < 0.05) by supplemental fat (81.5 ± 2.7) when compared to the control (86.8 ± 3.0) and lysine (88.8 ± 2.7) diets in exp. 3 but not in exp. 4. The serum progesterone level (ng/mL−1) was lower (P < 0.05) in the animal fat group (4.1 ± 0.6) than in the control (6.3 ± 0.6) and lysine (6.1 ± 0.6) groups in exp. 4. However, progesterone level of allantoic fluid in exp. 4 and estrone sulfate levels of both serum and allantoic fluid in exps. 3 and 4 were similar for the three treatment groups. The overall results indicated that flushing, supplemental fat or supplemental lysine fed from puberty to breeding, and supplemental fat or supplemental lysine fed from puberty through early gestation did not improve the ovulation rate, embryo survival or fetal development in gilts. Key words: Ovulation rate, embryo survival, flushing, fat, lysine, hormones, gilts

The temperature response of leaf dark respiration in 15 provenances of Eucalyptus grandis grown in ambient and elevated CO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Aspinwall ◽  
Vinod K. Jacob ◽  
Chris J. Blackman ◽  
Renee A. Smith ◽  
Mark G. Tjoelker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

The effects of elevated CO2 on the short-term temperature response of leaf dark respiration (R) remain uncertain for many forest tree species. Likewise, variation in leaf R among populations within tree species and potential interactive effects of elevated CO2 are poorly understood. We addressed these uncertainties by measuring the short-term temperature response of leaf R in 15 provenances of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden from contrasting thermal environments grown under ambient [CO2] (aCO2; 400 µmol mol–1) and elevated [CO2] (640 µmol mol–1; eCO2). Leaf R per unit area (Rarea) measured across a range of temperatures was higher in trees grown in eCO2 and varied up to 104% among provenances. However, eCO2 increased leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) by 21%, and when R was expressed on a mass basis (i.e. Rmass), it did not differ between CO2 treatments. Likewise, accounting for differences in LMA among provenances, Rmass did not differ among provenances. The temperature sensitivity of R (i.e. Q10) did not differ between CO2 treatments or among provenances. We conclude that eCO2 had no direct effect on the temperature response of R in E. grandis, and respiratory physiology was similar among provenances of E. grandis regardless of home-climate temperature conditions.

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