scholarly journals The respiratory tract microbial biogeography in alcohol use disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. L107-L117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick R. Samuelson ◽  
Ellen L. Burnham ◽  
Vincent J. Maffei ◽  
R. William Vandivier ◽  
Eugene E. Blanchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Microbial Biogeography ◽  
Mechanistic Pathway ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bacterial 16S Gene

Individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are at an increased risk of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Data of the lung microbiome in the setting of AUDs are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial biogeography of the upper and lower respiratory tract in individuals with AUDs compared with non-AUD subjects. Gargle, protected bronchial brush, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were collected during research bronchoscopies. Bacterial 16S gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed, and the alterations to the respiratory tract microbiota and changes in microbial biogeography were determined. The microbial structure of the upper and lower respiratory tract was significantly altered in subjects with AUDs compared with controls. Subjects with AUD have greater microbial diversity [ P < 0.0001, effect size = 16 ± 1.7 observed taxa] and changes in microbial species relative abundances. Furthermore, microbial communities in the upper and lower respiratory tract displayed greater similarity in subjects with AUDs. Alcohol use is associated with an altered composition of the respiratory tract microbiota. Subjects with AUDs demonstrate convergence of the microbial phylogeny and taxonomic communities between distinct biogeographical sites within the respiratory tract. These results support a mechanistic pathway potentially explaining the increased incidence of pneumonia and lung diseases in patients with AUDs.

scholarly journals The lower respiratory tract microbiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gaibani ◽  
Elisa Viciani ◽  
Michele Bartoletti ◽  
Russell E. Lewis ◽  
Tommaso Tonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

AbstractCOVID-19 infection may predispose to secondary bacterial infection which is associated with poor clinical outcome especially among critically ill patients. We aimed to characterize the lower respiratory tract bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients in comparison to COVID-19-negative patients. We performed a 16S rRNA profiling on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected between April and May 2020 from 24 COVID-19 critically ill subjects and 24 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung microbiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19 was characterized by a different bacterial diversity (PERMANOVA on weighted and unweighted UniFrac Pr(> F) = 0.001) compared to COVID-19-negative patients with pneumonia. Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Clostridium hiranonis, Acinetobacter schindleri, Sphingobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, characterized lung microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients (LDA score > 2), while COVID-19-negative patients showed a higher abundance of lung commensal bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Streptococcus spp.). The incidence rate (IR) of infections during COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increase of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) infection. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibiotic pressure may predispose critically ill patients to bacterial superinfection due to opportunistic multidrug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Associated with Rhinovirus during Infancy and Increased Risk of Wheezing during Childhood. A Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e69370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo ◽  
Quique Bassat ◽  
Núria Díez-Padrisa ◽  
Luis Morais ◽  
Sónia Machevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Short-Term Outcome in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Zampieri ◽  
Pedro Póvoa ◽  
Jorge I. Salluh ◽  
Alejandro Rodriguez ◽  
Sandrine Valade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Mortality Model

Objective: To assess whether ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTIs) are associated with mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Materials and Methods: Post hoc analysis of prospective cohort study including mechanically ventilated patients from a multicenter prospective observational study (TAVeM study); VA-LRTI was defined as either ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) based on clinical criteria and microbiological confirmation. Association between intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients having ARDS with and without VA-LRTI was assessed through logistic regression controlling for relevant confounders. Association between VA-LRTI and duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay was assessed through competing risk analysis. Contribution of VA-LRTI to a mortality model over time was assessed through sequential random forest models. Results: The cohort included 2960 patients of which 524 fulfilled criteria for ARDS; 21% had VA-LRTI (VAT = 10.3% and VAP = 10.7%). After controlling for illness severity and baseline health status, we could not find an association between VA-LRTI and ICU mortality (odds ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.62-1.83; P = .796); VA-LRTI was also not associated with prolonged ICU length of stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. The relative contribution of VA-LRTI to the random forest mortality model remained constant during time. The attributable VA-LRTI mortality for ARDS was higher than the attributable mortality for VA-LRTI alone. Conclusion: After controlling for relevant confounders, we could not find an association between occurrence of VA-LRTI and ICU mortality in patients with ARDS.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Human Adenovirus in Adults: A Prospective Observational Study in Guangdong, 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Wu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Xuesong Liu ◽  
Jierong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background: Viral causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are mostly limited to influenza. However, adenovirus has been emerging as a cause of ARDS with a high mortality rate and described in adults are rare.Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center observational study of viral pneumonia with ARDS and confirmed adenovirus-associated ARDS in adults at our quaternary referral institution between March 2019 and June 2020. We prospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, radiological characteristics, viral load from nasopharyngeal swabs and endotracheal aspirates, treatments, and outcomes for the study participants.Results: The study enrolled 143 ARDS patients, including 47 patients with viral pneumonia-related ARDS, among which there were 14 adenovirus-associated ARDS patients, which accounted for 29.79% of the viral pneumonia-related ARDS cases. Among the adenovirus-associated ARDS patients, 78.57% were men with a mean age of 54.93 ± 19.04 years. Adenovirus-associated ARDS patients had no specific clinical characteristics, but they presented with shortness of breath and fever, and their initial chest radiographic findings were multifocal or showed diffuse opacity. The viral load and the positivity rate in the lower respiratory tract were higher than that of the upper respiratory tract in the patients with adenovirus-associated ARDS, and 85.71% of the patients had a significant decrease in the number of CD3+CD4+ T cells during the early stage. All patients required invasive mechanical ventilation treatment. The average time from shortness of breath to the application of invasive ventilation was 24 hours. The median duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 22 days (14–75 days). Six patients (42.86%) required renal replacement therapy, and three patients (21.43%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Additionally, 85.71% of the 14 adenovirus-associated ARDS patients survived.Conclusion: Adenovirus infection is an important cause of virus-related ARDS. The positivity rate of adenovirus infection in lower respiratory tract secretions was higher than that in upper respiratory tract secretions in these patients. Most of the patients had a significant decrease in the number of CD3+CD4+ T cells during the early stage. Early identification and intervention to prevent disease progression are essential for reducing the mortality rate in these patients.

scholarly journals Gemykibivirus Genome in Lower Respiratory Tract of Elderly Woman With Unexplained Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yanpeng Li ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Jinmin Ma ◽  
Wenxin Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

Abstract Using metagenomics analysis, we are the first to identify the presence of a small, circular, single-stranded Gemykibivirus (GkV) genome from the respiratory tract of an elderly woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our results suggest that further studies on whether GkVs infect humans and cause respiratory disease are needed.

scholarly journals Co-detection of Bordetella pertussis and other respiratory organisms in children hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani Muloiwa ◽  
Felix S. Dube ◽  
Mark P. Nicol ◽  
Gregory D. Hussey ◽  
Heather J. Zar
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Detection

Abstract Multiple potential pathogens are frequently co-detected among children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Evidence indicates that Bordetella pertussis has an important role in the aetiology of LRTI. We aimed to study the association between B. pertussis and other respiratory pathogens in children hospitalised with severe LRTI, and to assess clinical relevance of co-detection. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and induced sputa (IS) were tested with a B. pertussis specific PCR; additionally, IS was tested for other pathogens using a multiplex PCR. We included 454 children, median age 8 months (IQR 4–18), 31 (7%) of whom tested positive for B. pertussis. Children with B. pertussis had more bacterial pathogens detected (3 versus 2; P < 0.001). While B. pertussis showed no association with most pathogens, it was independently associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and parainfluenza viruses with adjusted risk ratios of 4.01 (1.03–15.64), 4.17 (1.42–12.27) and 2.13 (1.03–4.55), respectively. There was a consistent increased risk of severe disease with B. pertussis. Patterns indicated even higher risks when B. pertussis was co-detected with any of the three organisms although not statistically significant. Improving vaccine coverage against B. pertussis would impact not only the incidence of pertussis but also that of severe LRTI generally.

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