scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arteries of patients with mild COPD

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. L908-L913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor I. Peinado ◽  
Joan A. Barberà ◽  
Josep Ramírez ◽  
Federico P. Gómez ◽  
Josep Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Normal Lung Function

To investigate whether endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary arteries (PA) is present in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to what extent it is related to the morphological abnormalities of PA, we studied 41 patients who underwent lung resection. Patients were divided into the following groups: nonsmokers ( n = 7), smokers with normal lung function ( n = 13), and COPD ( n = 21). Endothelium-dependent relaxation mediated by nitric oxide was evaluated in vitro in PA rings exposed to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and ADP. Structural abnormalities of PA were assessed morphometrically. PA of COPD patients developed lower maximal relaxation in response to ADP than both nonsmokers and smokers ( P < 0.05 each) and a trend to reduced relaxation in response to ACh ( P = 0.08). Maximal relaxation to ADP correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction ( r = 0.48, P < 0.01). Morphometrical analysis of PA revealed thicker intimas, especially in small arteries, in both smokers and COPD compared with nonsmokers ( P < 0.05 each). We conclude that endothelial dysfunction of PA is already present in patients with mild COPD. In these patients, as well as in smokers with normal lung function, small arteries show thickened intimas, suggesting that tobacco consumption may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular abnormalities in COPD.

scholarly journals Correlation between Level of Autophagy and Amount of CD8+T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songming Zhuo ◽  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Sida Chen ◽  
Wugen Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Function Group

Abstract Background: This study aimed to shed light on the correlation between the amounts of CD8+ T cells and autophagy level in COPD. Results: The objects (n = 90) were divided into three groups: COPD group (patients in the stable phase; n = 30), SN group (healthy control of smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30), and NSN groups (healthy control of non-smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30). The amounts of CD8+ (32.33 ± 4.23%), CD8+ effector (25.63 ± 8.57%) and CD8+memory (11.94 ± 5.77%) T cell in the COPD group were significantly higher those in the other two groups, while the apoptotic rate was lower in the COPD group (P < 0.05). Significant linear correlations were found of P62/GAPDH (‰) with CD8+, CD8+effector, and CD8+ memory- T cell amounts (P<0.001). Conclusions: Autophagy level is positively and linearly associated with the amounts of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that cell autophagy might be involved in COPD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: A clinical entity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Lung Function

Asthma and COPD are easily recognizable clinical entities in their characteristic presentations. Asthma is an early-onset disorder characterized by Type 2, eosinophil-predominant, inflammation of the airways and is associated with atopy. COPD presents in middle age and is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation of the airways and is associated with cigarette smoking or biomass fuel exposure. Between exacerbations, asthma typically has normal lung function whereas COPD has incompletely reversible lung function. Approximately one in five patients with either of these disorders will show some features of both COPD and Asthma. This overlap is far more common than can be accounted for by chance concurrence of two common diseases. There are likely genetic and environmental susceptibilities to both disorders, but there is no single pathobiological mechanism that identifies all such overlap patients. Most likely there are numerous predispositions that lead to Asthma-COPD overlap that may be grounded in early childhood or even pre-natal events. Thus, Asthma-COPD overlap is best considered a family of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. The future elucidation of these different pathways to Asthma-COPD overlap, in conjunction with highly targeted therapies will aid clinicians in treating these patients.

scholarly journals Expiratory reactance abnormalities in patients with expiratory dynamic airway collapse: a new application of impulse oscillometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 00080-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Fielding ◽  
Justin Travers ◽  
Phan Nguyen ◽  
Michael G. Brown ◽  
Gunter Hartel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Normal Lung Function

Expiratory dynamic airways collapse (EDAC) is a condition that affects the central airways; it is not well characterised physiologically, with relatively few studies. We sought to characterise impulse oscillometry (IOS) features of EDAC in patients with normal spirometry. Expiratory data were hypothesised to be the most revealing. In addition, we compared IOS findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with and without EDAC.EDAC was identified at bronchoscopy as 75–100% expiratory closure at the carina or bilateral main bronchi. Four patient groups were compared: controls with no EDAC and normal lung function; lone EDAC with normal lung function; COPD-only patients; and COPD patients with EDAC.38 patients were studied. Mean IOS data z-scores for EDAC compared to controls showed significantly higher reactance (X) values including X at 5 Hz, resonance frequency and area under the reactance curve (AX). EDAC showed significantly greater expiratory/inspiratory differences in all IOS data compared to controls. Stepwise logistic regression showed that resonant frequency best discriminated between EDAC and normal control, whereas classification and regression tree analysis found AX ≥3.523 to be highly predictive for EDAC in cases with normal lung function (14 out of 15 cases, and none out of eight controls).These data show a new utility of IOS: detecting EDAC in patients with normal lung function.

scholarly journals Enhanced neutrophil response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
A Noguera ◽  
S Batle ◽  
C Miralles ◽  
J Iglesias ◽  
X Busquets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutrophil Response

BACKGROUNDNeutrophils are likely to play a major role in the inflammatory response seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study sought to address the hypothesis that an enhanced neutrophil response to proinflammatory agents in COPD may contribute to their recruitment and activation in the lungs.METHODSCirculating neutrophils were obtained from 10 patients with COPD, eight long term smokers with normal lung function, and eight healthy never smoking controls. The in vitro production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by the NADPH oxidase method (respiratory burst) and the surface expression of several adhesion molecules (Mac-1, LFA-1 andl-selectin) was measured by flow cytometry. Measurements were obtained under basal conditions and after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). mRNA levels of p22-phox (a subunit of NADPH oxidase) and Mac-1 (CD11b) were also determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTSPatients with COPD showed enhanced respiratory burst compared with smokers with normal lung function, both under basal conditions (mean (SE) fluorescence intensity (MFI) 15.1 (0.5) v 11.6 (0.5); mean difference –3.4 (95% CI of the difference –5.1 to –1.8), p<0.01) and after PMA stimulation (MFI 210 (7) v 133 (10); mean difference –77 (95% CI of the difference –102 to –52), p<0.01). Mac-1 surface expression was also enhanced in patients with COPD, both under basal conditions (MFI 91 (5)v 45 (3); mean difference –46 (95% CI of the difference –61 to –31), p<0.001) and after stimulation with TNFα (MFI 340 (15) v 263 (11); mean difference –77 (95% CI of the difference –119 to –34), p=0.001). These differences were also apparent when patients with COPD were compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). The mRNA levels of p22-phox and Mac-1 (CD11b) were similar in patients with COPD and smokers with normal lung function, suggesting that the observed differences were due to post-transcriptional regulation.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate an enhanced neutrophil response to proinflammatory agents in patients with COPD which may contribute to their enhanced recruitment and activation in the lungs of these patients. These findings support those of other studies which have indicated that the neutrophil is likely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

scholarly journals Asthma Symptoms Do not Predict Spirometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Cowie ◽  
Margot F Underwood ◽  
Stephen K Field
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Routine Assessment

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, but the measurement of airflow is often omitted in the process of diagnosis and management of the disease.OBJECTIVES: Features of asthma severity and control were examined to determine the extent to which objective measurements, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity, correlated with other manifestations of the disease.METHODS: Subjects were a consecutive sample of patients with asthma attending a university-based asthma clinic. All subjects underwent routine assessment using a standard questionnaire and spirometry.RESULTS: A total of 500 subjects were included in the present study, and their assessment showed that neither symptoms nor history could predict or be predicted by their measurements of lung function.CONCLUSION: Routine measurement of lung function should be performed on subjects with asthma if normal or near-normal lung function is a desired component of asthma control.

Small airway morphology and lung function in the transition from normality to chronic airway obstruction

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Corsico ◽  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Simonetta Baraldo ◽  
Gian Luca Casoni ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Normal Lung Function

This study investigated the relationships between pathological changes in small airways (<6 mm perimeter) and lung function in 22 nonasthmatic subjects (20 smokers) undergoing lung resection for peripheral lesions. Preoperative pulmonary function tests revealed airway obstruction [ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 70%] in 12 subjects and normal lung function in 10. When all subjects were considered together, total airway wall thickness was significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC ( r2 = 0.25), reactivity to methacholine ( r2 = 0.26), and slope of linear regression of FVC against FEV1 values recorded during the methacholine challenge ( r2 = 0.56). Loss of peribronchiolar alveolar attachments was significantly associated ( r2 = 0.25) with a bronchoconstrictor effect of deep inhalation, as assessed from a maximal-to-partial expiratory flow ratio <1, but not with airway responses to methacholine. No significant correlation was found between airway smooth muscle thickness and lung function measurements. In conclusion, this study suggests that thickening of the airway wall is a major mechanism for airway closure, whereas loss of airway-to-lung interdependence may contribute to the bronchoconstrictor effect of deep inhalation in the transition from normal lung function to airway obstruction in nonasthmatic smokers.

scholarly journals Poor Cognitive Function Is Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases in Taiwanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Sun-Wung Hsieh ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Szu-Chia Chen ◽  
Chih-Hsing Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Obstructive Lung Diseases ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Function Group

Previous studies have reported an association between the impairment of cognitive performance and lung diseases. However, whether obstructive or restrictive lung diseases have an impact on cognitive function is still inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between cognitive function and obstructive or restrictive lung diseases in Taiwanese adults using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In this study, we used data from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MMSE. Spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained to assess lung function. Participants were classified into three groups according to lung function, namely, normal, restrictive, and obstructive lung function. In total, 683 patients enrolled, of whom 357 participants had normal lung function (52.3%), 95 had restrictive lung function (13.9%), and 231 had obstructive lung function (33.8%). Compared to the normal lung function group, the obstructive lung function group was associated with a higher percentage of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24). In multivariable analysis, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FVC, low FEV1, and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FEV1 in the participants with FEV1/FVC < 70%, whereas MMSE was not significantly associated with FVC in the participants with FEV1/FVC ≥ 70%. Our results showed that a low MMSE score was associated with low FEV1, low FVC and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was associated with obstructive lung diseases but not with restrictive lung diseases.

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