Alveolar macrophage apoptosis and TNF-α, but not p53, expression correlate with murine response to bleomycin

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. L1208-L1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Ortiz ◽  
Kryztof Moroz ◽  
Jing-Yao Liu ◽  
Gary W. Hoyle ◽  
Timothy Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Apoptosis is considered to be a protective mechanism that limits lung injury. However, apoptosis might contribute to the inflammatory burden present in the injured lung. The exposure of mice to bleomycin (BLM) is a well-established model for the study of lung injury. BLM exposure induces DNA damage and enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in the lung. To evaluate the importance of alveolar macrophage (AM) apoptosis in the pathogenesis of lung injury, we exposed BLM-sensitive (C57BL/6) and BLM-resistant (BALB/c) mice to BLM (120 mg/kg) and studied the induction of apoptosis [by light-microscopy changes (2, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) and annexin V uptake by flow cytometry (24 h)], the secretion of TNF-α (measured by ELISA), and the expression of p53 (by immunoblotting) in AM retrieved from these mice. BLM, but not vehicle, induced apoptosis in AM from both murine strains. The numbers of apoptotic AM were significantly greater ( P < 0.001) in C57BL/6 mice (52.9%) compared with BALB/c mice (40.8%) as demonstrated by annexin V uptake. BLM induction of apoptosis in AM was preceded by an increased secretion of TNF-α in C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, double TNF-α receptor-deficient mice, developed on a C57BL/6 background, demonstrated significantly ( P < 0.001) lower numbers of apoptotic AM compared with C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. BLM also enhanced p53 expression in AM from both murine strains. However, p53-deficient mice developed BLM-induced lung injury, exhibited similar lung cell proliferation (measured as proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining), and accumulated similar amounts of lung hydroxyproline (65 ± 6.9 μg/lung) as did C57BL/6 (62 ± 6.5 μg/lung) mice. Therefore, AM apoptosis is occurring during BLM-induced lung injury in a manner that correlates with murine strain sensitivity to BLM. Furthermore, TNF-α secretion rather than p53 expression contributes to the difference in murine strain response to BLM. tumor necrosis factor; strain susceptibility

scholarly journals Tumor necrosis factor-α small interfering RNA alveolar epithelial cell-targeting nanoparticles reduce lung injury in C57BL/6J mice with sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098465
Author(s):  
Like Qian ◽  
Xi Yin ◽  
Jiahao Ji ◽  
Zhengli Chen ◽  
He Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cell ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α small interfering (si)RNA alveolar epithelial cell (AEC)-targeting nanoparticles in lung injury is unclear. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mice with sepsis were divided into normal, control, sham, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles groups (n = 10 per group). The wet:dry lung weight ratio, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for inflammatory factors were conducted to compare differences among groups. Results The wet:dry ratio was significantly lower in control and sham groups than other groups. TNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of eosinophils, with significantly lower numbers in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. The nanoparticles also significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, B-cell lymphoma-2, caspase 3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, with TNF-α expression being significantly lower in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. Conclusion TNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles appear to be effective at improving lung injury-related sepsis, and 50 mg/kg may be a preferred dose option for administration.

scholarly journals Induction of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) by Legionella pneumophila Infection in BALB/c Mice and Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 5234-5240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Newton ◽  
Shannon McHugh ◽  
Ray Widen ◽  
Noriya Nakachi ◽  
Thomas Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Infection of BALB/c mice with a sublethal concentration ofLegionella pneumophila causes an acute disease that is resolved by innate immune responses. The infection also initiates the development of adaptive Th1 responses that protect the mice from challenge infections. To study the early responses, cytokines induced during the first 24 h after infection were examined. In the serum, interleukin-12 (IL-12) was detectable by 3 h and peaked at 10 h, while gamma interferon was discernible by 5 h and peaked at 8 h. Similar patterns were observed in ex vivo cultures of splenocytes. A transient IL-4 response was also detected by 3 h postinfection in ex vivo cultures. BALB/c IL-4-deficient mice were more susceptible to L. pneumophila infection than were wild-type mice. The infection induced higher serum levels of acute-phase cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], IL-1β, and IL-6), and reducing TNF-α levels with antibodies protected the mice from death. Moreover, the addition of IL-4 to L. pneumophila-infected macrophage cultures suppressed the production of these cytokines. Thus, the lack of IL-4 in the deficient mice resulted in unchecked TNF-α production, which appeared to cause the mortality. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine that is induced by IL-4 during Listeria monocytogenesinfection, was detected at between 2 and 30 h after infection. However, MCP-1 did not appear to be induced by IL-4 or to be required for the TNF-α regulation by IL-4. The data suggest that the early increase in IL-4 serves to regulate the mobilization of acute phase cytokines and thus controls the potential harmful effects of these cytokines.

scholarly journals Endogenous Interleukin-6 Plays a Crucial Protective Role in Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome via Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3745-3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Diao ◽  
Masashi Kohanawa
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT During a Streptococcus pyogenes infection in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-deficient mice, there is elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, muscular necrosis, and death compared with infection of C57BL/6 mice. Anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody treatment decreased mortality and muscular necrosis in the infected IL-6-deficient mice. These results suggest that IL-6 plays a crucial protective role via suppression of TNF-α production in S. pyogenes infection.

scholarly journals Destructive Arthritis in Vaccinated Interferon Gamma-Deficient Mice Challenged with Borrelia burgdorferi: Modulation by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Christopherson ◽  
Erik L. Munson ◽  
Douglas M. England ◽  
Cindy L. Croke ◽  
Monica C. Remington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT We found that Borrelia burgdorferi-vaccinated gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-γ0) mice challenged with B. burgdorferi developed prominent chronic destructive osteoarthropathy. When these mice were treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibody, the severity of the destructive osteoarthritis was enhanced and affected the mobility of the animals. In addition, extensive swelling of the hind paws occurred. In contrast, treatment of B. burgdorferi-vaccinated, challenged IFN-γ0 mice with recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) inhibited the development of arthritis, including swelling of the hind paws. Moreover, treatment of vaccinated, challenged IFN-γ0 mice with anti-TNF-α inhibited fourfold the production of an antibody that kills B. burgdorferi, while treatment of vaccinated, challenged IFN-γ0 mice with rTNF-α slightly elevated the level of the borreliacidal antibody. These results suggest that the level of TNF-α directly or indirectly regulates the production of borreliacidal antibody and the development of vaccine-induced destructive Lyme osteoarthritis. Studies are in progress to determine the mechanism by which TNF-α-dependent cytokines generate the destructive arthritis.

Ablation of tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (p55) alters oxygen-induced lung injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. L1082-L1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria S. Pryhuber ◽  
David P. O'Brien ◽  
Raymond Baggs ◽  
Richard Phipps ◽  
Heidie Huyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Type I ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Early Survival ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Hyperoxic lung injury, believed to be mediated by reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cell activation, and release of cytotoxic cytokines, complicates the care of many critically ill patients. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is induced in lungs exposed to high concentrations of oxygen; however, its contribution to hyperoxia-induced lung injury remains unclear. Both TNF-α treatment and blockade with anti-TNF antibodies increased survival in mice exposed to hyperoxia. In the current study, to determine if pulmonary oxygen toxicity is dependent on either of the TNF receptors, type I (TNFR-I) or type II (TNFR-II), TNFR-I or TNFR-II gene-ablated [(−/−)] mice and wild-type control mice (WT; C57BL/6) were studied in >95% oxygen. There was no difference in average length of survival, although early survival was better for TNFR-I(−/−) mice than for either TNFR-II(−/−) or WT mice. At 48 h of hyperoxia, slightly more alveolar septal thickening and peribronchiolar and periarteriolar edema were detected in WT than in TNFR-I(−/−) lungs. By 84 h of oxygen exposure, TNFR-I(−/−) mice demonstrated greater alveolar debris, inflammation, and edema than WT mice. TNFR-I was necessary for induction of cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, MIP-2, interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA in response to intratracheal administration of recombinant murine TNF-α. However, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIP-1α, MIP-2, and MCP-1 mRNAs were comparably induced by hyperoxia in TNFR-I(−/−) and WT lungs. In contrast, mRNA for manganese superoxide dismutase and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were induced by hyperoxia only in WT mice. Differences in early survival and toxicity suggest that pulmonary oxygen toxicity is in part mediated by TNFR-I. However, induction of specific cytokine and chemokine mRNA and lethality in response to severe hyperoxia was independent of TNFR-I expression. The current study supports the prediction that therapeutic efforts to block TNF-α receptor function will not protect against pulmonary oxygen toxicity.

Function of CD4+CD3− cells in relation to B- and T-zone stroma in spleen

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Yeon Kim ◽  
Fiona M. McConnell ◽  
Fabrina M. C. Gaspal ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Stephanie H. Glanville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Segregation Process ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Lymphocytes from lymphotoxin (LT) α–deficient mice, which lack segregation of their B- and T-cell areas, acquire normal organization following adoptive transfer into RAG-deficient recipients, identifying a non-B non-T cell in the segregation process. Here we show that a CD4+CD3− accessory cell is tightly associated with discrete VCAM-1–expressing stromal cells in B- and T-cell areas of the mouse spleen. CD4+CD3− cells express high levels of LTα, LTβ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, which are the ligands for the LTβ receptor and TNFR1 expressed by stromal cells. The expression of these ligands is functional, as transferring CD4+CD3− cells derived from either embryonic or adult tissues into LTα-deficient mice organizes B/T segregation and up-regulates CCL21 protein expression in areas where T cells are segregated from B cells. We propose that the function of CD4+CD3− cells is to form a link between primed CD4 T cells and the underlying stromal elements, creating distinct microenvironments in which they enable effector responses.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Factor 1 Protects Mice from Rapid Death duringListeria monocytogenesInfection by Regulating Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha during Fever

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Murapa ◽  
Martin R. Ward ◽  
Siva K. Gandhapudi ◽  
Jerold G. Woodward ◽  
Sarah E. F. D'Orazio
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACTHeat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a stress-induced transcription factor that promotes expression of genes that protect mammalian cells from the lethal effects of severely elevated temperatures (>42°C). However, we recently showed that HSF1 is activated at a lower temperature (39.5°C) in T cells, suggesting that HSF1 may be important for preserving T cell function during pathogen-induced fever responses. To test this, we examined the role of HSF1 in clearance ofListeria monocytogenes, an intracellular bacterial pathogen that elicits a strong CD8+T cell response in mice. Using temperature transponder microchips, we showed that the core body temperature increased approximately 2°C inL. monocytogenes-infected mice and that the fever response was maintained for at least 24 h. HSF1-deficient mice cleared a low-dose infection with slightly slower kinetics than didHSF1+/+littermate controls but were significantly more susceptible to challenges with higher doses of bacteria. Surprisingly, HSF1-deficient mice did not show a defect in CD8+T cell responses following sublethal infection. However, when HSF1-deficient mice were challenged with high doses ofL. monocytogenes, increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) compared to those of littermate control mice were observed, and rapid death of the animals occurred within 48 to 60 h of infection. Neutralization of TNF-α enhanced the survival of HSF1-deficient mice. These results suggest that HSF1 is needed to prevent the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequent death due to septic shock that can result following high-dose challenge with bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Critical Role of the Complement System in Group B Streptococcus-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Release

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6344-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Levy ◽  
Rochelle M. Jean-Jacques ◽  
Colette Cywes ◽  
Richard B. Sisson ◽  
Kol A. Zarember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Group B ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of newborn sepsis and meningitis and induces systemic release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), believed to play a role in morbidity and mortality. While previous studies have shown that GBS can induce TNF-α release from monocytes and macrophages, little is known about the potential modulating effect of plasma or serum on GBS-induced TNF-α release, and there are conflicting reports as to the host receptors involved. In a human whole-blood assay system, GBS type III COH-1 potently induced substantial monocyte TNF-α release in adult peripheral blood and, due to a higher concentration of monocytes, 10-fold-greater TNF-α release in newborn cord blood. Remarkably, GBS-induced TNF-α release from human monocytes was enhanced ∼1,000-fold by heat-labile serum components. Experiments employing C2-, C3-, or C7-depleted serum demonstrated that C3 activation via the alternative pathway is crucial for potent GBS-induced TNF-α release. Accordingly, whole blood from C3-deficient mice demonstrated significantly reduced GBS-induced TNF-α release. Preincubation with human serum enhanced the TNF-α-inducing activity of GBS in a C3- and factor B-dependent manner, implying deposition of complement components via the alternative pathway. GBS-induced TNF-α release was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed against each of the components of CR3 and CR4: the common integrin β subunit CD18 and the α subunits CD11b (of CR3) and CD11c (of CR4). Blood derived from CR3 (CD11b/CD18)-deficient mice demonstrated a markedly diminished TNF-α response to GBS. We conclude that the ability of plasma and serum to greatly amplify GBS-induced TNF-α release reflects the activity of the alternative complement pathway that deposits fragments on GBS and thereby enhances CR3- and CR4-mediated monocyte activation.

Intratracheal anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Imai ◽  
Toshio Kawano ◽  
Sanju Iwamoto ◽  
Satoshi Nakagawa ◽  
Masao Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury, we 1) measured TNF-α production in the lung caused by conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and 2) evaluated the protective effect of anti-TNF-α antibody (Ab) in saline-lavaged rabbit lungs. After they received saline lung lavage, rabbits were intratracheally instilled with 1 mg/kg of polyclonal anti-TNF-α Ab in the high-dose group ( n = 6), 0.2 mg/kg of anti-TNF-α Ab in the low-dose group ( n = 6), serum IgG fraction in the Ab control group ( n = 6), and saline in the saline control group ( n = 7). Animals then underwent CMV for 4 h. Levels of TNF-α in lung lavage fluid were significantly higher after CMV than before in both control groups. Pretreatment with intratracheal instillation of high and low doses of anti-TNF-α Ab improved oxygenation and respiratory compliance, reduced the infiltration of leukocytes, and ameliorated pathological findings. CMV led to TNF-α production in the lungs, and intratracheal instillation of anti-TNF-α Ab attenuated CMV-induced lung injury in this model.

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