Effects of temperature on the structure and metabolism of cell membranes in fish

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. R460-R470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hazel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Homeoviscous Adaptation ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition

The metabolic adjustments responsible for the “homeoviscous adaptation” of membrane lipid composition in fish are examined with special reference to the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The percentage of fatty acid lipogenesis attributable to unsaturates was elevated after an acute drop in temperature but declined with continued cold exposure (i.e., cold acclimation). In contrast, selected desaturation reactions [particularly those involved in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and/or n-6 families] proceeded more rapidly in cold-than in warm-acclimated trout. Different time courses for the change in monoene and PUFA levels of hepatic microsomal membranes during thermal acclimation suggest that the various desaturase enzymes contribute to the acclimatory response at different times. Certain fatty acids, particularly the delta 5-desaturation products of the n-3 (20:5 delta 5,8,11,14,17) and n-6 (20:4 delta 5,8,11,14) series, were preferentially incorporated into phospholipids at cold temperatures and by cold-acclimated trout, due in part to the direct effect of temperature on the substrate preferences of the phospho- and acyltransferase enzymes of de novo phospholipid biosynthesis; however, chain length rather than degree of unsaturation per se may determine the temperature-dependent pattern of fatty acid incorporation. Both acute and chronic cold exposure elevated the incorporation of PUFA into phosphatidylserine (PS), suggesting that the conversion of PS to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be activated at cold temperatures. The rate of homeoviscous adaptation appears to be limited by the rate of membrane lipid turnover, which although generally positively correlated with acclimation temperature, did vary depending on the phospholipid moiety and tissue considered. Finally the direct acylation of lysophospholipids formed during the process of membrane turnover may contribute to both rapid and acclimatory adjustments in membrane lipid composition.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanita C. Malekar ◽  
James D. Morton ◽  
Richard N. Hider ◽  
Robert H. Cruickshank ◽  
Simon Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Homeoviscous Adaptation ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition

Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) is a key cellular response by which fish protect their membranes against thermal stress. We investigated evolutionary HVA (long time scale) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic fish. Membrane lipid composition was determined for four Perciformes fish: two closely related Antarctic notothenioid species (Trematomus bernacchiiandPagothenia borchgrevinki); a diversified related notothenioid Antarctic icefish (Chionodraco hamatus); and a New Zealand species (Notolabrus celidotus). The membrane lipid compositions were consistent across the three Antarctic species and these were significantly different from that of the New Zealand species. Furthermore, acclimatory HVA (short time periods with seasonal changes) was investigated to determine whether stenothermal Antarctic fish, which evolved in the cold, stable environment of the Southern Ocean, have lost the acclimatory capacity to modulate their membrane saturation states, making them vulnerable to anthropogenic global warming. We compared liver membrane lipid composition in two closely related Antarctic fish species acclimated at 0 °C (control temperature), 4 °C for a period of 14 days inT. bernacchiiand 28 days forP. borchgrevinki,and 6 °C for 7 days in both species. Thermal acclimation at 4 °C did not result in changed membrane saturation states in either Antarctic species. Despite this, membrane functions were not compromised, as indicated by declining serum osmolality, implying positive compensation by enhanced hypo-osmoregulation. Increasing the temperature to 6 °C did not change the membrane lipids ofP. borchgrevinki.However, inT. bernacchii,thermal acclimation at 6 °C resulted in an increase of membrane saturated fatty acids and a decline in unsaturated fatty acids. This is the first study to show a homeoviscous response to higher temperatures in an Antarctic fish, although for only one of the two species examined.

scholarly journals Dietary α-linolenic acid supplementation alters skeletal muscle plasma membrane lipid composition, sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 abundance, and palmitate transport rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. R1234-R1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Chorner ◽  
Pierre-Andre Barbeau ◽  
Laura Castellani ◽  
David C. Wright ◽  
Adrian Chabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membrane Lipid

The cellular processes influenced by consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids remains poorly defined. Within skeletal muscle, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation is the movement of lipids across the sarcolemmal membrane, and therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of consuming flaxseed oil high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), on plasma membrane lipid composition and the capacity to transport palmitate. Rats fed a diet supplemented with ALA (10%) displayed marked increases in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within whole muscle and sarcolemmal membranes (approximately five-fold), at the apparent expense of arachidonic acid (−50%). These changes coincided with increased sarcolemmal palmitate transport rates (+20%), plasma membrane fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36; +20%) abundance, skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content (approximately twofold), and rates of whole body fat oxidation (~50%). The redistribution of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane could not be explained by increased phosphorylation of signaling pathways implicated in regulating FAT/CD36 trafficking events (i.e., phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CaMKII, AMPK, and Akt), suggesting the increased n-3 PUFA composition of the plasma membrane influenced FAT/CD36 accumulation. Altogether, the present data provide evidence that a diet supplemented with ALA increases the transport of lipids into resting skeletal muscle in conjunction with increased sarcolemmal n-3 PUFA and FAT/CD36 contents.

scholarly journals Membrane Lipid Composition of the Moderately Thermophilic Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon “Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” at Different Growth Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Marton Palatinszky ◽  
W. Irene C. Rijpstra ◽  
Craig W. Herbold ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Membrane Spanning

ABSTRACT “Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” is the only cultured moderately thermophilic member of the thaumarchaeotal order Nitrosopumilales (NP) that contains many mesophilic marine strains. We examined its membrane lipid composition at different growth temperatures (37°C, 46°C, and 50°C). Its lipids were all membrane-spanning glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), with 0 to 4 cyclopentane moieties. Crenarchaeol (cren), the characteristic thaumarchaeotal GDGT, and its isomer (crenʹ) were present in high abundance (30 to 70%). The GDGT polar headgroups were mono-, di-, and trihexoses and hexose/phosphohexose. The ratio of glycolipid to phospholipid GDGTs was highest in the cultures grown at 50°C. With increasing growth temperatures, the relative contributions of cren and crenʹ increased, while those of GDGT-0 to GDGT-4 (including isomers) decreased. TEX86 (tetraether index of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbons)-derived temperatures were much lower than the actual growth temperatures, further demonstrating that TEX86 does not accurately reflect the membrane lipid adaptation of thermophilic Thaumarchaeota. As the temperature increased, specific GDGTs changed relative to their isomers, possibly representing temperature adaption-induced changes in cyclopentane ring stereochemistry. Comparison of a wide range of thaumarchaeotal core lipid compositions revealed that the “Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” cultures clustered separately from other members of the NP order and the Nitrososphaerales (NS) order. While phylogeny generally seems to have a strong influence on GDGT distribution, our analysis of “Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” demonstrates that its terrestrial, higher-temperature niche has led to a lipid composition that clearly differentiates it from other NP members and that this difference is mostly driven by its high crenʹ content. IMPORTANCE For Thaumarchaeota, the ratio of their glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids depends on growth temperature, a premise that forms the basis of the widely applied TEX86 paleotemperature proxy. A thorough understanding of which GDGTs are produced by which Thaumarchaeota and what the effect of temperature is on their GDGT composition is essential for constraining the TEX86 proxy. “Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” is a moderately thermophilic thaumarchaeote enriched from a thermal spring, setting it apart in its environmental niche from the other marine mesophilic members of its order. Indeed, we found that the GDGT composition of “Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” cultures was distinct from those of other members of its order and was more similar to those of other thermophilic, terrestrial Thaumarchaeota. This suggests that while phylogeny has a strong influence on GDGT distribution, the environmental niche that a thaumarchaeote inhabits also shapes its GDGT composition.

Effect of dietary (n–9), (n–6) and (n–3) fatty acids on membrane lipid composition and morphology of rat erythrocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 1394 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Escudero ◽  
J.C Montilla ◽  
J.M Garcı́a ◽  
M.C Sánchez-Quevedo ◽  
J.L Periago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition
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