Glucose-induced norepinephrine levels and obesity resistance

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. R475-R481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

The value of glucose-stimulated sympathetic activation in differentiating rats that would subsequently resist or develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) when chronically fed a high-calorie diet (CM) enriched in fat and sucrose was tested in 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. While the rats were on chow the areas under the curve for plasma glucose, insulin, and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured for 60 min after an intravenous glucose load (1 g/kg). Half of the rats then switched to the CM diet for 14 wk developed DIO with 54% more weight gain and 205% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads; half [diet resistant (DR)] had weight gain and pad weights comparable to chow-fed controls. Caloric intake was comparable in all animals. NE areas after intravenous glucose loads were 54% lower in DR than DIO rats, and there was a positive correlation (r = 0.63) between these NE areas and subsequent weight gain on the CM diet. Areas under the insulin curve correlated with subsequent weight gain on chow (r = 0.71) but not the CM diet. These results suggest that rats predisposed to become DR on the CM diet have dampened sympathetic activation after a glucose load, possibly because of heightened end-organ responsiveness to NE.

Relationship between sympathetic activity and diet-induced obesity in two rat strains

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R364-R371 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
J. Triscari ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Chronic diet-induced obesity developed in 50-60% of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a relatively high-calorie diet for 90 days. The remaining rats decreased their caloric intake and resisted the development of obesity. All male Fischer F-344 rats fed this diet for 85 days became obese but to only half the degree of the obese Sprague-Dawley rats. The development of chronic obesity in both rat strains was associated with decreased norepinephrine (NE) levels in hearts and aortas and decreased NE turnover in aortas compared with chow-fed controls. However, 40-50% of the Sprague-Dawley rats did not become obese on this diet, yet showed similar findings suggesting an effect of dietary composition on sympathetic function. The more profoundly obese Sprague-Dawley rats additionally showed decreased or absent NE turnover in their hearts and pancreases. Since sympathetic function in both strains of rats with diet-induced obesity was either depressed or normal, it appears unlikely that the initial enhancement of sympathetic activity seen during short-term overfeeding plays an important continuing role in combating more chronic states of obesity in the rat.

scholarly journals Effects of Melatonin on Lipid Metabolism and Circulating Irisin in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3329
Author(s):  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Pei-Chin Chiang ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion

Melatonin, a pivotal photoperiodic signal transducer, may work as a brown-fat inducer that regulates energy balance. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin treatment on the body fat accumulation, lipid profiles, and circulating irisin of rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO). Methods: 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks: vehicle control (VC), positive control (PC), MEL10 (10 mg melatonin/kg body weight (BW)), MEL20 (20 mg/kg BW), and MEL50 (50 mg/kg BW). The vehicle control group was fed a control diet, and the other groups were fed a high-fat and high-calorie diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity before the melatonin treatment began. Melatonin reduced weight gain without affecting the food intake, reduced the serum total cholesterol level, enhanced the fecal cholesterol excretion, and increased the circulating irisin level. Melatonin downregulated the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and induced the browning of iWAT in both the MEL10 and MEL20 groups. Conclusion: Chronic continuous melatonin administration in drinking water reduced weight gain and the serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, it enhanced the circulating irisin, which promoted brite/beige adipocyte recruitment together with cholesterol excretion and contributed to an anti-obesity effect.

Ontogeny of diet-induced obesity in selectively bred Sprague-Dawley rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. R610-R618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ricci ◽  
Barry E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats selectively bred for their propensity to develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) become heavier on low-fat diet than those bred to be diet resistant (DR) beginning at ∼5 wk of age. Here we assessed the development of metabolic and neural functions for insights into the origins of their greater weight gain. From week 5 to week 10, chow-fed DIO rats gained 15% more body weight and ate ∼14% more calories but had only slightly greater adiposity and plasma leptin than DR rats. From day 3 through week 10, DIO and DR rats had similar mRNA expression of arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, agouti-related peptide, and all splice variants of the leptin receptor (OB-R). When fed a high-energy (HE; 31% fat) diet, 7-wk-old DIO rats had a 240% increase in plasma leptin levels after only 3 days. Despite this early leptin rise, they maintained a persistent hyperphagia and became more obese than chow-fed DIO rats and DR rats fed chow or HE diet. Their failure to reduce caloric intake, despite high levels of leptin, suggests that selectively bred DIO rats might have reduced leptin sensitivity similar to that seen in the outbred DIO parent strain.

Resistance to diet-induced obesity: food intake, pancreatic sympathetic tone, and insulin

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. R471-R478 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
J. Triscari ◽  
S. Hogan ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

After 15 wk on a moderately high-calorie high-fat (CM) diet, 43% of 40 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats developed diet-induced obesity (DIO) (29% more weight gain), whereas 57% of diet-resistant (DR) rats gained no more weight than 20 chow-fed controls. When switched to chow for another 7 wk, DR rats ate 13% less, gained 55% less weight, and had 49% lower food efficiency, whereas DIO rats ate 4% less but had comparable weight gain and efficiency to controls. DIO rats had 29% more carcass lipid (percent of carcass weight). DIO rat retroperitoneal white adipose pads had 65% more cells that were the same size as those in chow-fed pads; DR rat cells were similar to controls. Both DR and DIO rats increased norepinephrine turnover in their interscapular brown adipose pads by greater than 90%. DIO rats also had 40% lower pancreatic turnover; their plasma insulin levels were 327% of controls after 15 wk on the CM diet and 188% after 7 wk on chow. DR levels were the same as controls at both times. Therefore, regulation of caloric intake, pancreatic sympathetic tone, and plasma insulin levels were three important differences between rats that resisted and those that developed DIO on high-energy diets.

Initiation and perpetuation of obesity and obesity resistance in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R766-R771 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
S. Hogan ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Fat Pads

A search was made for predisposing factors and sequelae of diet-induced obesity (DIO) or resistance to DIO (DR). During 3 mo on a high-energy (CM) diet, two-thirds of the male Sprague-Dawley rats ate 16% more calories over the first 30 days and developed DIO. The remaining one-third were DR, gaining the same amount of weight as chow-fed controls. Basal and norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated in vivo O2 consumption, performed before rats were placed on the CM diet, was the same in those rats that later became DR or DIO after 3 mo on the CM diet. DR rats were 4% lighter, whereas DIO rats were equal to chow-fed rats before their exposure to the CM diet. When CM-fed rats were switched to chow, DIO rats took 14 wk to reduce their body and retroperitoneal fat pad weights to those of chow-fed controls, whereas DR rats gained only 40% of the body weight, and fat pads were 34% lighter than controls. After 14 wk, DIO rats were neither hyperinsulinemic nor insulin resistant, whereas DR rats had 64% reduced areas under their insulin curves after intravenous glucose (1 g/kg) compared with controls. Unlike younger rats, animals here had inconsistent plasma NE responses to intravenous glucose. Therefore the CM diet produces DR and DIO states that tend to become self-perpetuating once established.

Diet cycling and age alter weight gain and insulin levels in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. R527-R535 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Diet Intake

For assessment of the effect of diet cycling on body weight gain patterns, 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either cycled from chow to a high-energy condensed milk (CM) diet, back to chow, and then back to CM diet at 3-mo intervals (cyclers) or were fed chow to 9 mo of age and then CM diet for 3 mo (noncyclers). Nine of 21 cyclers developed diet-induced obesity (DIO), gaining 36, 59, and 281% more weight than chow-fed controls (CF) at each cycle, respectively. Twelve cycled rats were diet-resistant (DR) with comparable weight gain to CF rats after the first CM diet and chow cycles. However, they gained 202% more than CF rats and 50% more, with 29% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads, than noncycled DR rats after their second CM diet cycle begun at 9 mo of age. Enhanced weight gain in DR cyclers was probably due to enhanced food efficiency in the last few weeks of CM diet intake. Plasma insulin levels were 70% higher in cycled vs. noncycled DIO and DR rats, and both were higher than CF rats. Unlike 6-mo-old DR rats in a prior study, 12-mo-old noncycled DR rats after 3 mo on CM diet here had 45-172% higher alpha 2-adrenoceptors binding in 6 of 17 brain areas than noncycled DIO and/or CF rats. Thus age, diet cycling, and brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors interact to affect long-term changes in weight gain and metabolism.

scholarly journals Melatonin Reduces Body Weight Gain in Sprague Dawley Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 5347-5352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Prunet-Marcassus ◽  
Mathieu Desbazeille ◽  
Arnaud Bros ◽  
Katie Louche ◽  
Philippe Delagrange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Influence of Fat Burners and Functional Foods on Lipid Profile of Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen Jadir ◽  
Mohammed Jassim ◽  
Feryal Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

This study was designed to identify the effects of certain fat burners and functional foods on lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were separated into seven groups, each group containing six rats. Both the (T1) negative and (T2) positive control groups and the five other groups were fed with a high-calorie diet to achieve obesity. After the end of the feeding period, over 56 days the rats were treated with Orlistat 0.3mg/g (T3), C4 RIPPED 1.2 mg/g (T4), Garcinia Herb 0.5 mg/g (T5), Ispaghula Herb 0.02g/g (T6), and Functional Yoghurt 1ml (T7). The results showed significantly increased (p≤0.05) cholesterol in the serum of T2 rats compared with T1 rats. Transactions with T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 rats led to a significant decrease in TC. There was a significant increase in TG and LDL-C in T2 rats compared with T1 rats; a significant decrease occurred in the serum of the animals treated in groups T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T7. Rats in groups T3, T5, T6, and T7 showed increased GPx and decreased MDA compared with T1 and T4.

scholarly journals Standard housing temperature but not β3-adrenoreceptor agonism drives weight-gain and adipose tissue deposition in rats following diet induced obesity at thermoneutrality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aldiss ◽  
Jo E Lewis ◽  
Irene Lupini ◽  
David Boocock ◽  
Amanda K Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Housing Temperature ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

AbstractBackground and aimRodents are commonly housed below thermoneutrality and this exposure to ‘cold’ (i.e. 20°C) activates thermogenic brown (BAT) and beiging of white adipose tissue. Here, we examined whether a standard housing temperature (i.e. 20°C, a reduction in temperature of ∼8°C) or YM-178, a highly-selective β3-adrenoreceptor agonist, in obese animals raised at thermoneutrality, would impact differently on classical BAT or subcutaneous inguinal (IWAT) beige depots.MethodsEighteen weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were housed at thermoneutrality (28°C) and fed a high-fat diet. At 12 weeks, 6 animals were randomised to either standard housing temperature (20°C, n=6) or to β3-A R agonist administration (28°C+ β3, 0.75mg/kg/d, n=6) for 4 weeks. Metabolic assessment was undertaken during the final 48h, followed by interscapular, perivascular BAT and IWAT sampling for the analysis of thermogenic genes and the proteome.ResultsExposure to 20°C increased weight gain, BAT and IWAT mass. Proteomic analysis of BAT revealed novel pathways associated with cold-induced weight gain (i.e. histone deacetylation, glycosaminoglycan degradation and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis) whilst β3- adrenoreceptor agonism impacted on proteins involved in skeletal muscle contraction and cell differentiation. IWAT of cold-exposed animals exhibited an enrichment of proteins involved NAD+ binding, plus retinol and tyrosine metabolic pathways whilst β3-AR agonism downregulated ribosomal and upregulated acute phase response proteins.ConclusionFollowing diet-induced obesity at thermoneutrality, exposure to 20°C promotes subcutaneous fat deposition in order to reduce heat loss and defend body temperature. In contrast, chronic administration of β3-AR agonist has minimal metabolic-related effects on adipose tissue.

Dronedarone: the effect of diet-induced obesity on its metabolism and experimental hyperlipidemia on its metabolism and tissue distribution in the rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Yousef A. Bin Jardan ◽  
Ali Abdussalam ◽  
Ayman O.S. El-Kadi ◽  
Dion R. Brocks
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Intestinal Microsomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Calorie

Dronedarone biodistribution in hyperlipidemia and dronedarone metabolism in hyperlipidemia or obesity were assessed. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given either normal standard chow with water or various high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets for 14 weeks. There was also a nonobese hyperlipidemic group given poloxamer 407 intraperitoneally. Liver and intestinal microsomes were prepared and the metabolic conversion of dronedarone to desbutyldronedarone was followed. A biodistribution study of dronedarone given orally was conducted in hyperlipidemic and control normolipidemic rats. The metabolism of dronedarone to desbutyldronedarone in control rats was consistent with substrate inhibition. However in the treatment groups, the formation of desbutyldronedarone did not follow substrate inhibition; hyperlipidemia and high-calorie diets created remarkable changes in dronedarone metabolic profiles and reduction in formation velocities. Tissue concentrations of dronedarone were much higher than in plasma. Furthermore, in hyperlipidemia, plasma and lung dronedarone concentrations were significantly higher compared to normolipidemia.

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