Effects of Melatonin on Lipid Metabolism and Circulating Irisin in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

Melatonin, a pivotal photoperiodic signal transducer, may work as a brown-fat inducer that regulates energy balance. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin treatment on the body fat accumulation, lipid profiles, and circulating irisin of rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO). Methods: 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks: vehicle control (VC), positive control (PC), MEL10 (10 mg melatonin/kg body weight (BW)), MEL20 (20 mg/kg BW), and MEL50 (50 mg/kg BW). The vehicle control group was fed a control diet, and the other groups were fed a high-fat and high-calorie diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity before the melatonin treatment began. Melatonin reduced weight gain without affecting the food intake, reduced the serum total cholesterol level, enhanced the fecal cholesterol excretion, and increased the circulating irisin level. Melatonin downregulated the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and induced the browning of iWAT in both the MEL10 and MEL20 groups. Conclusion: Chronic continuous melatonin administration in drinking water reduced weight gain and the serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, it enhanced the circulating irisin, which promoted brite/beige adipocyte recruitment together with cholesterol excretion and contributed to an anti-obesity effect.

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Brown adipose and metabolic features of chronic diet-induced obesity

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1985.248.6.r717 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 248 (6) ◽

pp. R717-R723 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. E. Levin ◽

M. Finnegan ◽

J. Triscari ◽

A. C. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Efficiency ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Norepinephrine Turnover ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Plasma Insulin Levels

Half of the 3-mo male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat (DIO) diet for 5 mo became obese and had increased carcass lipid (106%) and plasma insulin levels (61%), despite 8% less total energy intake than chow-fed controls. Their interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) was 52% heavier with 45% more lipid and larger uni- and multilocular cells. Norepinephrine turnover was normal in their hearts, pancreases, and aortas but undetectable in IBAT where in vitro lipolysis, but not O2 consumption (VO2), was enhanced. Half the rats fed the DIO diet ate 17% fewer calories, gained weight equally to controls, but still had 34% more carcass lipid. Their IBAT was heavier, contained 103% more protein, with no detectable norepinephrine turnover, whereas maximal lipolysis was 73% lower and maximal VO2 was the same or even lower than controls. IBAT VO2 was stimulated by switching 8-mo chow-fed controls to the DIO diet for 7 days (which caused a 480% greater weight gain) but not by switching 8-mo obese rats to chow for 3 days. Therefore metabolic efficiency was increased while BAT VO2 and norepinephrine turnover were unchanged or reduced compared with controls by either chronic obesity or a high-fat diet.

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Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity and Deficient in Vitamin D on Spermatozoa Function and DNA Integrity in Sprague-Dawley Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5479057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

O. Merino ◽

R. Sánchez ◽

B. M. Gregorio ◽

F. J. Sampaio ◽

J. Risopatrón

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Sperm Function ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

The Impact

Obesity has adverse effects on male fertility and usually is diagnosed with a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VD-). Discussion on the impact of obesity/VD- on sperm function has been limited. This study analyzed the effects of diet-induced obesity/VD- on viability and plasma membrane integrity (PMI), superoxide anion (O2-) level, and DNA fragmentation (DNAfrag) in sperm Sprague-Dawley rats. The males were randomized into four groups and fed for a period of 12 weeks: G1: control diet with vitamin D (C/VD+), G2: control diet without vitamin D (C/VD-), G3: high-fat diet with vitamin D (HF/VD+), and G4: high-fat diet without vitamin D (HF/VD-). Sperm function parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry. PMI percentages and O2- levels were not affected by any of the diets. DNA fragmentation was increasing significantly (p<0.05) in the spermatozoa of animals with diets vitamin D deficient (G2) and diet-induced obesity (G4). Our results allow us to point out that diet-induced obesity and VD- produce greater damage in DNA sperm of rats. The use of nutraceuticals containing vitamin D could be reducing the risk of fragmentation of DNA in spermatozoa.

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Cyclocarya paliurus prevents high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in Sprague–Dawley rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2014-0477 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 677-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiaoming Yao ◽

Zi Lin ◽

Cuihua Jiang ◽

Meng Gao ◽

Qingqing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Cyclocarya Paliurus ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Cyclocarya paliurus (CP; qing qian liu), which is used as an herbal tea in China, has been confirmed to have therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and obesity, and therefore it is widely consumed to prevent metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of CP on obesity and hyperlipidemia, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B48. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and with or without various concentrations of an ethanol extract of CP (CPE; 2, 4, or 8 g·(kg body mass)–1) administered by gavage for 8 weeks. From the results we see that CPE dose-dependently blocked increases in body mass, and decreased food utilization as well as visceral fat mass. Decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver were also noticed in CPE-treated rats. Magnetic resonance images indicated that the abnormal fat storage induced by the HFD was obviously suppressed by CPE. In addition, ELISA analysis showed reduced fasting serum apoB48 in the CPE treatment groups. Based on the above results, CPE shows a promising preventive effect on obesity and hyperlipidemia, partially through suppressing intestinal apoB48 overproduction.

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Atypical cannabinoid ligands O-1602 and O-1918 administered chronically in diet-induced obesity

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-18-0535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 203-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna C Simcocks ◽

Kayte A Jenkin ◽

Lannie O’Keefe ◽

Chrishan S Samuel ◽

Michael L Mathai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

G Protein ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

G Protein Coupled

Atypical cannabinoid compounds O-1602 and O-1918 are ligands for the putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 and G protein-coupled receptor 18. The role of O-1602 and O-1918 in attenuating obesity and obesity-related pathologies is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role that either compound had on body weight and body composition, renal and hepatic function in diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (40% digestible energy from lipids) or a standard chow diet for 10 weeks. In a separate cohort, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 9 weeks and then injected daily with 5 mg/kg O-1602, 1 mg/kg O-1918 or vehicle (0.9% saline/0.75% Tween 80) for a further 6 weeks. Our data demonstrated that high-fat feeding upregulates whole kidney G protein receptor 55 expression. In diet-induced obesity, we also demonstrated O-1602 reduces body weight, body fat and improves albuminuria. Despite this, treatment with O-1602 resulted in gross morphological changes in the liver and kidney. Treatment with O-1918 improved albuminuria, but did not alter body weight or fat composition. In addition, treatment with O-1918 also upregulated circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-2, IL-17α, IL-18 and RANTES as well as plasma AST. Thus O-1602 and O-1918 appear not to be suitable treatments for obesity and related comorbidities, due to their effects on organ morphology and pro-inflammatory signaling in obesity.

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Glucose-induced norepinephrine levels and obesity resistance

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.3.r475 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 253 (3) ◽

pp. R475-R481 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. E. Levin ◽

A. C. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Sympathetic Activation ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

High Calorie

The value of glucose-stimulated sympathetic activation in differentiating rats that would subsequently resist or develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) when chronically fed a high-calorie diet (CM) enriched in fat and sucrose was tested in 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. While the rats were on chow the areas under the curve for plasma glucose, insulin, and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured for 60 min after an intravenous glucose load (1 g/kg). Half of the rats then switched to the CM diet for 14 wk developed DIO with 54% more weight gain and 205% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads; half [diet resistant (DR)] had weight gain and pad weights comparable to chow-fed controls. Caloric intake was comparable in all animals. NE areas after intravenous glucose loads were 54% lower in DR than DIO rats, and there was a positive correlation (r = 0.63) between these NE areas and subsequent weight gain on the CM diet. Areas under the insulin curve correlated with subsequent weight gain on chow (r = 0.71) but not the CM diet. These results suggest that rats predisposed to become DR on the CM diet have dampened sympathetic activation after a glucose load, possibly because of heightened end-organ responsiveness to NE.

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Diet cycling and age alter weight gain and insulin levels in rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.2.r527 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (2) ◽

pp. R527-R535 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

B. E. Levin

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Plasma Insulin Levels ◽

Diet Intake

For assessment of the effect of diet cycling on body weight gain patterns, 3-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either cycled from chow to a high-energy condensed milk (CM) diet, back to chow, and then back to CM diet at 3-mo intervals (cyclers) or were fed chow to 9 mo of age and then CM diet for 3 mo (noncyclers). Nine of 21 cyclers developed diet-induced obesity (DIO), gaining 36, 59, and 281% more weight than chow-fed controls (CF) at each cycle, respectively. Twelve cycled rats were diet-resistant (DR) with comparable weight gain to CF rats after the first CM diet and chow cycles. However, they gained 202% more than CF rats and 50% more, with 29% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads, than noncycled DR rats after their second CM diet cycle begun at 9 mo of age. Enhanced weight gain in DR cyclers was probably due to enhanced food efficiency in the last few weeks of CM diet intake. Plasma insulin levels were 70% higher in cycled vs. noncycled DIO and DR rats, and both were higher than CF rats. Unlike 6-mo-old DR rats in a prior study, 12-mo-old noncycled DR rats after 3 mo on CM diet here had 45-172% higher alpha 2-adrenoceptors binding in 6 of 17 brain areas than noncycled DIO and/or CF rats. Thus age, diet cycling, and brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors interact to affect long-term changes in weight gain and metabolism.

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Morinda citrifoliaL. leaf extract prevent weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.1080/16546628.2017.1338919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1338919 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Najla Gooda Sahib Jambocus ◽

Amin Ismail ◽

Alfi Khatib ◽

Fawzi Mahomoodally ◽

Nazamid Saari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Prevent Weight Gain ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

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Four-Week Consumption of Malaysian Honey Reduces Excess Weight Gain and Improves Obesity-Related Parameters in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/1342150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Suhana Samat ◽

Francis Kanyan Enchang ◽

Fuzina Nor Hussein ◽

Wan Iryani Wan Ismail

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Excess Weight Gain ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Acacia Honey ◽

Plasma Leptin

Many studies revealed the potential of honey consumption in controlling obesity. However, no study has been conducted using Malaysian honey. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two local Malaysian honey types: Gelam and Acacia honey in reducing excess weight gain and other parameters related to obesity. The quality of both honey types was determined through physicochemical analysis and contents of phenolic and flavonoid. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to become obese using high fat diet (HFD) prior to introduction with/without honey or orlistat for four weeks. Significant reductions in excess weight gain and adiposity index were observed in rats fed with Gelam honey compared to HFD rats. Moreover, levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, plasma leptin and resistin, liver enzymes, renal function test, and relative organ weight in Gelam and Acacia honey treated groups were reduced significantly when compared to rats fed with HFD only. Similar results were also displayed in rats treated with orlistat, but with hepatotoxicity effects. In conclusion, consumption of honey can be used to control obesity by regulating lipid metabolism and appears to be more effective than orlistat.

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Both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus nerve signaling of satiety

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89465-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hailley Loper ◽

Monique Leinen ◽

Logan Bassoff ◽

Jack Sample ◽

Mario Romero-Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vagus Nerve ◽

Microelectrode Array ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sensory Afferents ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Stomach Volume

AbstractObesity remains prevalent in the US. One potential treatment is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which activates the sensory afferents innervating the stomach that convey stomach volume and establish satiety. However, current VNS approaches and stimulus optimization could benefit from additional understanding of the underlying neural response to stomach distension. In this study, obesity-prone Sprague Dawley rats consumed a standard, high-carbohydrate, or high-fat diet for several months, leading to diet-induced obesity in the latter two groups. Under anesthesia, the neural activity in the vagus nerve was recorded with a penetrating microelectrode array while the stomach was distended with an implanted balloon. Vagal tone during distension was compared to baseline tone prior to distension. Responses were strongly correlated with stomach distension, but the sensitivity to distension was significantly lower in animals that had been fed the nonstandard diets. The results indicate that both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus activity.

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