Enhanced fever following castration: possible involvement of brain arginine vasopressin

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. R513-R517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. J. Pittman ◽  
T. J. Malkinson ◽  
N. W. Kasting ◽  
W. L. Veale
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thermal Indexes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is thought to act as an antipyretic in the ventral-septal area (VSA) of the brain. As AVP content of this area has been shown to be virtually eliminated following long-term castration, we have tested the hypothesis that castrated rats would display enhanced fevers. Four months after castration (or sham castration), male Wistar rats were given prostaglandin E1 (200 ng), purified interleukin 1 (25 U), or saline (5 microliters) into a lateral cerebral ventricle. Castrated rats displayed fevers of longer duration, reflected as significantly enhanced thermal indexes, than did age-matched sham-operated controls. Castrated rats also were less able to defend their body temperatures to ambient heat stress but not to ambient cold. AVP content of VSA and lateral septum, but not of hippocampus, of castrated rats was significantly reduced; oxytocin content of the three areas was unchanged following castration. These data support earlier studies concerning effects of castration on septal AVP content and are consistent with the possibility that AVP is an antipyretic in the VSA of the rat.

FAILURE OF INFUSION OF PROSTAGLANDIN A2 TO RESTORE THE RESPONSE TO ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN RATS WITH POLYURIA INDUCED BY LITHIUM

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
STEN CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Prostaglandin A2

Male Wistar rats were fed a lithium diet for 2–3 months producing marked polyuria (> 75 ml/100 g in 24 h) and a plasma Li concentration of 0·7 mmol/l. In acute experiments animals were anaesthetized with 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid and infused with hypotonic glucose–saline (15 ml/h). Addition of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2; 0·2 ng/min) for 180 min to the infusate did not restore the impaired antidiuretic response to arginine-vasopressin (AVP) whether this agent was infused continuously (150 μu./min) or given as bolus injections (2500 μu.). In long-term experiments animals were kept in metabolism cages and Alzet osmotic minipumps were implanted for intravenous infusion of drugs at 1 μl/h. Again, PGA2 infusion at 0·2 ng/min failed to restore the impaired antidiuretic response to AVP (150 μu./min). It was therefore concluded that in rats with severe polyuria induced by long-term administration of lithium, infusion of PGA2 at 0·2 ng/min cannot restore the impaired response to antidiuretic hormone as has been reported by others.

scholarly journals Glucose Utilization in Rat Hippocampus after Long-Term Recovery from Ischemia

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beck ◽  
Andreas Wree ◽  
Axel Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The influence on hippocampal glucose utilization of a transient 10-min forebrain ischemia was quantified in male Wistar rats after 2 and 3 weeks as well as after 3 months by application of the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the carotid arteries and simultaneous lowering of the blood pressure to 40 mm Hg. For identification of the hippocampal architecture, sections were stained for perikarya (cresyl violet) and for acetylcholinesterase. The hippocampal regions clearly showed different responses to the ischemic insult. The necrotic pyramidal cells being almost completely removed, significant increases in glucose utilization occurred in most layers of the CA1 sector at 2 and 3 weeks post ischemia, while widespread reductions prevailed in all other sectors and the dentate gyrus. At 3 months after the ischemic insult, glucose utilization was reduced in all hippocampal structures including the CA1 region. The increases in glucose utilization in the CA1 sector are suggested to indicate long-lasting presynaptic hyperexcitation, while the widespread reductions in glucose utilization demonstrate that neuronal activity is also altered in hippocampal areas that do not show major histological damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Loghin ◽  
Adriana Olinic ◽  
Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Sorin E. Leucuta
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Association Group ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Iemolo ◽  
Aisha Nur ◽  
Patricia Montilla-Perez ◽  
Victoria B Risbrough ◽  
Francesca Telese
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

AbstractHeavy and frequent use of cannabis during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain largely unknown. Here, we explore whether adolescent vulnerability to long-term behavioral effects of cannabis is modulated by Reelin, a gene implicated in the development of the brain and of psychiatric disorders. To this aim, heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice, that express reduced level of Reelin, were chronically exposed during adolescence to high doses (10mg/kg) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis. Mice were tested in early adulthood with multiple behavioral assays, including working memory, social interaction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like responses, stress reactivity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Compared to wild-type (WT), HR mice treated with THC showed impaired social behaviors, elevated disinhibitory phenotypes and increased responsiveness to aversive situations, in a sex-specific manner. Independent of THC exposure, HR mice also spent more time exploring unfamiliar objects, indicating that Reelin modulates novelty seeking behavior. To identify the neuronal ensemble underlying this elevated novelty seeking in HR mice, we mapped the regional brain expression of the immediate early gene, Fos, in mice exposed to novel objects. HR mice exhibited reduced neuronal activation in the lateral septum, a subcortical brain structure implicated in emotions, cognition and reward processes. Overall, these findings show that (1) Reelin deficiency influences behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy consumption of THC during adolescence, and (2) that Reelin plays a role in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disinhibitory behaviors, such as novelty seeking.Significant StatementThe link between cannabis abuse and the development psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents, makes understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis effects on the brain a significant biomedical problem. Reelin is a key signaling molecule in the development of the adolescent brain and of psychiatric disorders, but its role in modulating the behavioral changes induced by cannabis remain unknown. Here, we report an interaction between Reelin deficiency and chronic adolescent exposure to THC, a major psychoactive component of cannabis. This interaction led to cognitive deficits, disinhibitory behaviors and altered emotional reactivity in mice, in a sex-specific manner. These experiments are the first to establish a link between Reelin signaling and the endocannabinoid system targeted by THC.

Physiological changes during thermoregulation and fever in urethan-anesthetized rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. R73-R81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Malkinson ◽  
K. E. Cooper ◽  
W. L. Veale
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cerebral Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Conscious Animals ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle

Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethan (1.5 g/kg). They were unable to maintain body temperature (Tb) in a warm (32 degrees C) or cool (9 degrees C) environment or at a laboratory room temperature of 22 degrees C. Tb was allowed to fall to 35.8, 34.5, or 33.3 degrees C, and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, 400 ng) was delivered into a lateral cerebral ventricle. An immediate feverlike rise in Tb resulted, accompanied by vigorous shivering. Animals were vasoconstricted throughout. When Tb was raised to and maintained at 38.3 or 39.5 degrees C, animals also responded with a fever; however, the magnitude of the fever diminished as the starting Tb increased. In a series of experiments in which Tb was maintained (36.8-37.4 degrees C) by means of a heating pad, PGE1 delivered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or into the anterior hypothalamus caused a dose-dependent change in Tb, which was similar in time of onset, magnitude, and duration to that observed in conscious animals. This fever was accompanied by shivering and increased O2 uptake, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, and intracranial pressure during the rising phase of the fever, and vasodilation of the paws occurred during defeveresence. Animals were also able to develop a dose-dependent rise in Tb in response to purified human interleukin 1.

scholarly journals The Effects of Korea Red Ginseng on Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptosis in Rat Model with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wook Kang ◽  
Je-Hoon Park ◽  
Hosik Seok ◽  
Hae Jeong Park ◽  
Joo-Ho Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nonbacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Korea Red Ginseng

Chronic prostatitis typically occurs in aging men, and its symptoms include frequent and painful urination. In recent study, several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (KRG) can be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate whether KRG can play a role in repressing the development of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) in male Wistar rats. To induce CNP, rats were castrated and beta-estradiol (0.25 mg/kg) was subcutaneously (s.c.) injected daily. 7-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (the normal group, CNP group, positive group, and KRG group (0.25g/kg) and another KRG (0.50g/kg) group. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their prostate and serum were analyzed. Compared to the positive group, the KRG groups (0.25g/kg and 0.50g/kg) showed similar protective properties on CNP based on the histopathologic morphology of the prostate and the inflammation cytokines in the prostate tissue. Also, results of the immunohistochemistry staining showed that expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) were also decreased in KRG group (0.25g/kg) and KRG group (0.50g/kg). These results suggested that KRG inhibited the development of CNP and might a useful herbal treatment or functional food for CNP.

Long-Term Nonhabituating Noise Stressor on Sleep Behavior of Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111
Author(s):  
Anton Nijssen ◽  
Jan Snel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

A 90-dB(A) noise of 6500 to 9500 Hz during the 12-hr. light period of a 12:12 LD-schedule disturbed the rest or sleep of male Wistar rats and did so chronically for 6 days and 26 days. Noise exposure was randomized as for length of time such that 20% of each light period was spent in noise. The noise presented in our experimental design is an adequate stressor to interfere with sleep in rats over the long term.

Evaluation of Long Term Alcohol Consumption on Gastric Acid Secretion and the Histomorphometry of the Stomach in Adult Male Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ese C. Adegor ◽  
Anthony E. Ojieh ◽  
Ovocity Eghworo ◽  
Lawrence O. Ewhre ◽  
Tarela M. E. Daubry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Hrncic ◽  
Jelena Mikić ◽  
Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽  
Milica Velimirović ◽  
Tihomir Stojković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light–dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.

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