Alterations in blood volume following short-term supramaximal exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
J. A. Thomson ◽  
M. E. Ball ◽  
R. L. Hughson ◽  
M. E. Houston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Exercise Induced

To investigate the role of high-intensity intermittent exercise on adaptations in blood volume and selected hematological measures, four male subjects aged 19–23 yr [peak O2 consumption (VO2max) = 53 ml X min-1 X kg-1] performed supramaximal (120% VO2max) cycle exercise on 3 consecutive days. Each exercise session consisted of intermittent work performed as bouts of 1-min work to 4-min rest until fatigue or until a maximum of 24 repetitions had been completed. Measurements on blood samples were made before the exercise period and 24 h after the last exercise session. Plasma volume (PV) estimated using 131I-human serum albumin increased by 11.6% (3,504 vs. 3,912 ml; P less than 0.05). Total blood volume (TBV) based on PV and hematocrit (Hct) values increased by 4.5% (5,798 vs. 6,059 ml; P less than 0.05), whereas red cell volume (RCV) decreased by 6.4% (2,294 vs. 2,147 ml; P less than 0.05). Measurements of hematological indices indicated significant reductions (P less than 0.05) in whole-blood Hct (39.7 vs. 35.5%), hemoglobin concentration (15.5 vs. 13.9 g/100 ml), hemoglobin content (897 vs. 839 g), and red blood cell count (5.15 vs. 4.55 X 10(6) X mm-3). The findings of this study suggest that exercise intensity is a major factor in promoting exercise-induced hypervolemia and that rapid elevations in PV can be induced early in training.

Blood Volume Changes in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-594
Author(s):  
Amnon Rosenthal ◽  
Lawrence N. Button ◽  
Kon Taik Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Total Blood

Simultaneous red blood cell (RBC) and plasma volume determinations were obtained in 16 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and moderately severe pulmonary involvement. Hypervolemia with an increase in both RBC and plasma volumes was observed. Changes in blood volume were marked when values were indexed by weight but less significant when indexed by height. Decreasing systemic arterial oxygen saturation was associated with a progressive increase in RBC mass, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin level and a decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. RBC and total blood volumes were highest in patients with cor pulmonale and congestive heart failure. However, the compensatory polycythemic response in patients with CF was inadequate when compared with the response to hypoxemia in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. The insufficient oxygen-carrying capacity may compromise tissue oxygen delivery and necessitate treatment.

scholarly journals A Study of Blood Volume and Anemia in Cancer Patients

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNE C. BATEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Active Cancer

Abstract 1. Hematologic findings are reported in 33 patients with cancer, in 8 patients with arrested cancer and in 10 patients without cancer. 2. Blood volume was variable and seemed to bear no direct relation to the disease. Prolonged impaired alimentation due to dysphagia or apathy in 3 patients was associated with lower than expected blood volume. 3. Recalculation of total hemoglobin on the basis of expected normal blood volume demonstrates a reduction in hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is increased and conversely in an elevation of hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is reduced. 4. A marked increase above "normal" in blood volume was found in 3 patients who had received large amounts of stilbestrol. Withdrawal of drug in the 1 patient observed resulted in reversion toward normal values. 5. Testosterone increased body weight, total blood volume and total circulating hemoglobin in 3 patients without active cancer. In 2 patients with far advanced cancer there was increase in weight, in 1 there was increase in blood volume, but in both there was progressive decrease in total hemoglobin.

CO2 diuresis, with special reference to role of the left atrial stretch receptor mechanism

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Valtin ◽  
I. D. Wilson ◽  
S. M. Tenney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Erect Posture ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Voluntary Hyperventilation ◽  
Afferent System

Co2 diuresis is probably mediated via a nonosmotic influence on the supraopticohypophyseal system. Since the left atrial stretch receptor mechanism is one such nonosmotic system which Co2 might influence, experiments were designed to elucidate its role. It was found that Co2 diuresis may be abolished by the erect posture or by applying tourniquets high on the thighs while supine, and that it may be restored by standing in a tank of water or by mild exercise. Increases in plasma volume, total blood volume, or pulmonary blood volume, which conceivably might stretch the left atrium, did not occur during Co2 diuresis. Voluntary hyperventilation mimicking that which accompanies Co2 inhalation resulted in a much smaller diuresis and one which, unlike that of Co2, was accompanied by increased sodium excretion. Maintaining normal alveolar Co2 tension during voluntary hyperventilation by simultaneous inhalation of 2% Co2 in no way altered this result. Bilateral vagus section does not abolish Co2 diuresis, but may enhance it. It is concluded, therefore, that the left atrial stretch receptor mechanism is not the afferent system for Co2 diuresis. Submitted on January 26, 1959

Metabolic role of the exercise-induced increment in epinephrine in the dog

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. E428-E436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moates ◽  
D. B. Lacy ◽  
R. E. Goldstein ◽  
A. D. Cherrington ◽  
D. H. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The role of the exercise-induced increment in epinephrine was studied in five adrenalectomized (ADX) and in six normal dogs (C). Experiments consisted of an 80-min equilibration period, a 40-min basal period, and a 150-min exercise period. ADX were studied with epinephrine replaced to basal levels during rest and to increased levels during exercise to simulate its normal rise (HE) and on a separate day with epinephrine maintained at basal levels throughout the study (BE). Cortisol was replaced during rest and exercise in ADX so as to simulate the levels seen in C. Glucose was infused as needed in ADX to maintain the glycemia evident during exercise in C. Glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd) were assessed isotopically. In C, epinephrine had risen by 95 +/- 25 pg/ml by the end of exercise. In HE, the increment in epinephrine (117 +/- 29 pg/ml) was similar to that seen in C, whereas in BE epinephrine fell by 18 +/- 9 pg/ml. Basal norepinephrine levels were 139 +/- 9, 260 +/- 25, and 313 +/- 33 pg/ml in C, HE, and BE, respectively. In response to exercise, norepinephrine increased by nearly twofold in all protocols. Basal and exercise-induced changes in plasma glucagon and insulin were similar in C and ADX. Ra increased similarly in C (5.3 +/- 0.6 mg.kg-1.min-1) and HE (4.9 +/- 0.6 mg.kg-1.min-1). In BE, Ra rose normally for the initial 90 min but then declined resulting in a rise of only 2.9 +/- 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 after 150 min of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Quercetin's influence on exercise-induced changes in plasma cytokines and muscle and leukocyte cytokine mRNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Dru A. Henson ◽  
J. Mark Davis ◽  
E. Angela Murphy ◽  
David P. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Session ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Double Blinded

Trained male cyclists ( n = 40) ingested quercetin (Q; n = 20) (1,000 mg/day) or placebo (P; n = 20) supplements under randomized, double-blinded methods for 3 wk before and during a 3-day period in which subjects cycled for 3 h/day at ∼57% maximal work rate. Blood samples were collected before and after each exercise session and assayed for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-8, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and leukocyte IL-10, IL-8, and IL-1ra mRNA. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the first and third exercise sessions and assayed for NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA. Postexercise increases in plasma cytokines did not differ between groups, but the pattern of change over the 3-day exercise period tended to be lower in Q vs. P for IL-8 and TNF-α ( P = 0.094 for both). mRNA increased significantly postexercise for each cytokine measured in blood leukocyte and muscle samples. Leukocyte IL-8 and IL-10 mRNA were significantly reduced in Q vs. P (interaction effects, P = 0.019 and 0.012, respectively) with no other leukocyte or muscle mRNA group differences. Muscle NF-κB did not increase postexercise and did not differ between Q and P. Muscle COX-2 mRNA increased significantly postexercise but did not differ between Q and P. In summary, 1 g/day quercetin supplementation by trained cyclists over a 24-day period diminished postexercise expression of leukocyte IL-8 and IL-10 mRNA, indicating that elevated plasma quercetin levels exerted some effects within the blood compartment. Quercetin did not, however, influence any of the muscle measures, including NF-κB content, cytokine mRNA, or COX-2 mRNA expression across a 3-day intensified exercise period.

Blood volume changes in microcirculation of rat intestine caused by carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. H1939-H1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Haase ◽  
A. A. Shoukas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
A Minor

This series of experiments quantified the role of the rat small intestinal arterioles in capacity changes during bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) and compared them with previous venular studies. We also determined the role of autoregulation in arteriolar constriction during BCO. First-order, second-order, and third-order arteriolar diameter changes were measured during changes in arteriolar pressure and/or sympathetic activity (via BCO). The results indicated that an arteriolar pressure drop caused an immediate significant transient diameter decrease of 14% (P < 0.001), followed by an average steady-state diameter increase of 11% (P < 0.001) over control because of autoregulation. During BCO, the arterioles demonstrated an initial 8–22% decrease in diameter (P < 0.05). The largest first-order vessels were the least responsive to changes in pressure and BCO, while the smallest third-order vessels were the most responsive. Apparently autoregulation, and not sympathetic activity, was responsible for most of the arteriolar constriction during BCO. We also developed an anatomic model of the rat intestinal vasculature which revealed that venules hold 70% of the microcirculatory volume and are responsible for 80% of the total blood shift during BCO. Venular constriction and, to a minor degree, arteriolar constriction result in a 14% decrease in microcirculatory intestinal blood volume during BCO.

scholarly journals The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangcheng Fan ◽  
Yangwen Ai ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Shuran Li ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Anemia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractFoot electrical stimulation (FES) has been considered as a classic stressor that can disturb homeostasis. Acute anemia was observed in the model induced by FES. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammatory cytokines underlying the acute anemia and gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury in the FES. Twenty-four male Kunming mice (20 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The mice were placed in a footshock chamber that can generate 0.5 mA electrical impulse periodically for 0.5 h. After the process, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in serum and hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in serum and pituitary were detected separately. In addition, we investigated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-10) in the hypothalamus and duodenum by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that this FES model induced anemia, increased CRH and ACTH activity in the serum after the FES. Moreover, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased following the process, while IL-10 was not activated. These findings suggest that anemia, the inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and duodenum of the mice in the model induced by FES is closely related to GI mucosal injury/bleeding. Taken together, these results underscore the importance of anemia, GI mucosal injury/bleeding and stress, future studies would be needed to translate these findings into the benefit of affected patients.

scholarly journals The overlooked significance of plasma volume for successful adaptation to high altitude in Sherpa and Andean natives

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (33) ◽  
pp. 16177-16179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Stembridge ◽  
Alexandra M. Williams ◽  
Christopher Gasho ◽  
Tony G. Dawkins ◽  
Aimee Drane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

In contrast to Andean natives, high-altitude Tibetans present with a lower hemoglobin concentration that correlates with reproductive success and exercise capacity. Decades of physiological and genomic research have assumed that the lower hemoglobin concentration in Himalayan natives results from a blunted erythropoietic response to hypoxia (i.e., no increase in total hemoglobin mass). In contrast, herein we test the hypothesis that the lower hemoglobin concentration is the result of greater plasma volume, rather than an absence of increased hemoglobin production. We assessed hemoglobin mass, plasma volume and blood volume in lowlanders at sea level, lowlanders acclimatized to high altitude, Himalayan Sherpa, and Andean Quechua, and explored the functional relevance of volumetric hematological measures to exercise capacity. Hemoglobin mass was highest in Andeans, but also was elevated in Sherpa compared with lowlanders. Sherpa demonstrated a larger plasma volume than Andeans, resulting in a comparable total blood volume at a lower hemoglobin concentration. Hemoglobin mass was positively related to exercise capacity in lowlanders at sea level and in Sherpa at high altitude, but not in Andean natives. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a unique adaptation in Sherpa that reorientates attention away from hemoglobin concentration and toward a paradigm where hemoglobin mass and plasma volume may represent phenotypes with adaptive significance at high altitude.

Microvascular volume contribution to hemorrhage compensation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H2085-H2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Price ◽  
J. S. Lee ◽  
T. C. Skalak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Volume Shift ◽  
Blood Volume Shift

Regulation of systemic blood pressure during small changes in blood volume is partially achieved by blood volume shifts from microcirculation to macrocirculation that cause a decrease in systemic hematocrit [LaForte, A., L. Lee, G. Rich, T. Skalak, and J. Lee. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 31): H190–H199, 1992]. Diameters of 4–100 microns arterioles and 5–80 microns venules in spinotrapezius muscles of anesthetized rats were measured during control conditions and immediately after a 13% (of total blood volume) hemorrhage to determine the role of the microvasculature in hemorrhage compensation. The Strahler orders, mean control diameters (microns), and posthemorrhage diameters (% of control) were as follows: TA2, 5.7 (91.2%); TA3, 8.7 (90.4%); TA4, 12.5 (85.4%); TA5, 31.4 (95.8%); AA, 39.6 (94.6%); CV2, 8.0 (94.7%); CV3, 14.8 (93.7%); CV4, 24.6 (95.2%); CV5, 41.5 (98.8%); and AV, 47.8 (97.8%), where TA, AA, CV, and AV designate transverse arteriole, arcade arteriole, collecting venule, and arcade venule, respectively. The diameter reductions were heterogeneous for arterioles and venules, with significant variation in small arterioles (< 25 microns), which exhibited dimensions ranging from 61 to 100% of control, whereas larger arterioles ranged from 81 to 100% of control. The data were used with an anatomic model to estimate the systemic hematocrit decrease (0.73%) and the blood volume shifted from the microcirculation to the macrocirculation (3.74% of total control blood volume). These results agree well with direct measurements of the systemic hematocrit decrease and thus provide the microvascular basis for the rapid blood volume shift during moderate hemorrhage.

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