Microcomputer-assisted on-line measurement of breathing pattern and occlusion pressure

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Lind ◽  
A. B. Truve ◽  
B. P. Lindborg
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
Occlusion Device ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mouth Occlusion Pressure

A flexible system has been developed for on-line breath-by-breath measurements of variables commonly included in studies of breathing pattern and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1). The system, utilizing analog signals for mouth pressure and inspiratory flow as inputs, includes a breathing pattern monitor and a pneumatically driven occlusion device designed to be compatible with a low-cost microcomputer and analog and/or digital readout instruments. The design of the system permits accurate breathing pattern and P0.1 measurements even at the highest flow and breathing frequency encountered in muscular exercise studies.

Effect of chest wall distortion on occlusion pressure and the preterm diaphragm

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. LeSouef ◽  
J. M. Lopes ◽  
S. J. England ◽  
M. H. Bryan ◽  
A. C. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Airway Occlusion ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Gastric Pressure ◽  
Mouth Occlusion Pressure

We studied the effect of chest wall distortion (CWD) on transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and/or mouth pressure during end-expiratory airway occlusions in seven preterm infants. We measured mouth occlusion pressure (Pmo) with a face mask and pressure transducer, gastric pressure (Pga) with a fluid-filled catheter, diaphragmatic electromyogram (Edi) using surface electrodes, and rib cage and abdominal motion using magnetometers. We reasoned that Pdi = Pmo - Pga on airway occlusion. Periods with maximal and periods with minimal CWD were compared. We found that 1) when CWD was minimal, an increase in Edi produced an increase in Pmo and Pdi in all infants; when CWD was greatest, large increases in Edi produced no increase in Pmo or Pdi in four infants; 2) when breaths with the same Pmo or Pdi from each period in each infant were compared, those from the period with greatest CWD had an increased Edi (mean increase 76%, P less than 0.005, and 144%, P less than 0.01, for Pmo and Pdi, respectively). We conclude that in preterm infants, Pmo can be a poor indicator of respiratory drive, and CWD markedly limits the effectiveness of the diaphragm as a force generator.

On-Line Measurement of Fiber Diameters along Spinning Line

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Xin Wen ◽  
Sheng Lin Yang ◽  
Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Laser Sensor ◽  
Measurement Equipment ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Typical Experiment ◽  
On Line ◽  
Spinning Speed

A laser sensor based equipment was assembled for on-line measuring the fiber diameters during the polymer spinning. The analog signals come from laser sensor were detected by using a data acquisition instrument and transferred into digital ones, which were processed in time with Labview. In a typical experiment, the diameters of polypropylene fibers were tested under different spinning speed by means of that pre-calibrated on-line measurement equipment, and the testing results were compared with those obtained from the numerical simulation of spinning dynamics. It has been found the on-line diameter measurement could promise high-speed, highly reliable and flexible testing.

Feasibility and Performances of a New, Multiplexed, Fast and Low-Cost Fiber-Optic NIR Spectrometer for the On-Line Measurement of Sugar in Fruits

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Bellon ◽  
Jean Louis Vigneau ◽  
Michel Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
On Line ◽  
Good Signal

This paper describes an attempt to develop a new NIR spectrometer to sort fruits according to the sugar content in the conditioning stations. This spectrometer, ranging from 800 to 1050 nm, is based on diode array technology. It is coupled with fiber optics, which allow multiplexing; 20 fibers have been detected by the camera, showing the potential multiplexing of 20 different points. The acquisition time is 40 ms per image (i.e., 2 ms per spectrum). A good signal-to-noise ratio has been recorded in the 820–1010 nm range. This spectrometer has been tested with a set of 79 peaches. Partial least-squares processing is applied to different wavelength ranges. The best coefficient of correlation, achieved with a reduced wavelength range (from 847 to 977 nm), is 0.81, and the standard error of prediction is 1.04°Brix. With this calibration, the fruits can be sorted into three maturity classes with a reliability of 76%. This performance, as well as the other characteristics of the instrument, is in accordance with the requirements of the conditioning station managers.

Response to external inspiratory resistive loading and bronchospasm in anesthetized dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Savoy ◽  
M. E. Arnup ◽  
N. R. Anthonisen
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Ventilatory Drive ◽  
Resistive Loading ◽  
Lung Resistance ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Mouth Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium Anesthesia

Mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) and breathing-pattern responses to external inspiratory resistive loading and methacholine chloride-induced bronchospasm were assessed in six dogs under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. There was no change in P0.1 with external loading, but, in response to bronchospasm, we observed a P0.1 increase proportional to the change in lung resistance. These results indicate that, unlike external loading, the ventilatory-drive adaptation to bronchospasm does not require consciousness of the animal. The breathing-pattern response to bronchospasm consisted of tachypnea associated with decreased tidal volume (VT), decreased inspiratory duration (TI), and unchanged mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI). In response to resistive loading there was no tachypnea, VT decreased, TI was unchanged, and VT/TI decreased. We suggest that in response to resistive loading there was no modification of vagal activity, whereas in bronchospasm there was an increase of vagal activity, which was responsible for the changes in breathing pattern and, at least in part, for the changes in P0.1.

Measurement of Mouth Occlusion Pressure as an Index of Respiratory Centre Output in Man

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Burki ◽  
L. K. Mitchell ◽  
B. A. Chaudhary ◽  
F. W. Zechman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Centre ◽  
Mouth Occlusion Pressure ◽  
End Tidal

1. Simultaneous measurements of mouth pressure at the end of the first 0·1 s of inspiratory occlusion (P0·1) at functional residual capacity and the maximum rate of rise of this pressure (dP/dt max.) were made repeatedly in five normal subjects during resting respiration; the coefficient of variation of dP/dt max. was 36·2%, compared with 50·6% for P0·1. 2. During both isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia in five normal subjects there was a close correlation between ventilation (V̇E) and both P0·1 and dP/dt max., and between end-tidal Pco2 or Po2 and P0·1 and dP/dt max.; during both procedures there was a close correlation between P0·1 and dP/dt max. 3. The time at which dP/dt max. occurred (Tmax.) was not correlated with changes of dP/dt max. in either procedure. Tmax. was greater than 0·12 s in most studies. 4. The regression coefficients of P0·1 and dP/dt max. on V̇E were significantly different in hypoxia as compared with hypercapnia in four out of the five subjects; on repeated hypercapnic stimulation in two out of three subjects these regression coefficients again varied significantly. Changes in lung volume or inspiratory volume-timing relationship were not responsible for these differences. These results suggest that mouth occlusion pressure, as reflected by P0·1 or dP/dt max., is a complex variable, reflecting the motor output of the respiratory centre, but also affected by random variations in the measurements and probably by changes in lung volume.

Capacitance Automatic Measurement Method of the Thickness of Liquid Film on Plat Form

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Shu Xing Xu ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
Yi Zhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line

The thickness of water film is an important parameter in the field of chemical industry. Water film is formed by the flowing water, which flows through a narrow channel. So it is difficult to use contact gauges to measure the water film because it’s flowing so fast that if it is touched, the thickness will be changed. A low-cost and high precision non-contact measurement method—capacitive sensor is used as the sensor of the thickness of water film, virtual instrument is used to analyze the measurement state. In contrast to the conventional stand-alone instruments, a PC based virtual instrument for the measurement of water film is proposed in this paper. Based on on-line measurement theory, real time voltages should be collected to PC. These voltages will be computed by formulas in Labview and the real time data of thickness will be plotted on the screen. If bad signal got, it will give error alarm. The method of the measurement of water film can save a lot of fees of research and applications, and be easy to apply in other measurement and control fields. The basic principle and working process of capacitive micrometer, denoise method, the method of capacitive calibration, virtual instrument data acquisition system and on-line measurement of water film, will be further discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals A Novel Correlation for Rapid Lactose Determination in Milk by a Cryoscopic Technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Colinas ◽  
Ignacio Barrera ◽  
Carlos A Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
On Line ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Enzymatic Procedure ◽  
Spectrophotometric Control ◽  
Operational Simplicity

Abstract Residual lactose in special milk was systematically determined for people with lactose intolerance by means of a rapid on-line measurement of the cryoscopic point. A proposed cryoscopic procedure was compared to 2 conventional yet highly laborious methods: the enzymatic procedure with spectrophotometric control and the polarimetric method. Several experiments with different mixtures of both semi-skimmed and low-lactose milk were performed. A lineal relationship was found between lactose concentration and freezing point, the analytical equation for which shows a close relationship regarding the 3 methods used. The advantages of the cryoscopic procedure include speed in obtaining results and operational simplicity at a low cost, better monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, and greater control over the production process for delactosed milk. The equation obtained also enables prediction of the lactose percentage in commercial milk by a simple measurement of freezing point.

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