Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Toner ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
M. E. Foley ◽  
K. B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Tissue Insulation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

Ten male volunteers were divided into two groups based on body morphology and mass. The large-body mass (LM) group (n = 5) was 16.3 kg heavier and 0.22 cm2 X kg-1 X 10(-2) smaller in surface area-to-mass ratio (AD X wt-1) (P less than 0.05) than the small-body mass (SM) group (n = 5). Both groups were similar in total body fat and skinfold thicknesses (P greater than 0.05). All individuals were immersed for 1 h in stirred water at 26 degrees C during both rest and one intensity of exercise (metabolic rate approximately 550 W). During resting exposures metabolic rate (M) and rectal temperature (Tre) were not different (P greater than 0.05) between the LM and SM groups at min 60. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was higher (P less than 0.05) for the SM group at min 60, although the change in Tes during the 60 min between groups was similar (LM, -0.4 degrees C; SM, -0.2 degrees C). Tissue insulation (I) was lower (P less than 0.05) for SM (0.061 degrees C X m-2 X W-1) compared with the LM group (0.098 degrees C X m-2 X W-1). During exercise M, Tre, Tes, and I were not different (P greater than 0.05) between groups at min 60. These data illustrate that a greater body mass between individuals increases the overall tissue insulation during rest, most likely as a result of a greater volume of muscle tissue to provide insulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (39) ◽  
pp. e8126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
I-Shiang Tzeng ◽  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract P249: Determinants of Descending Aortic Dimensions in a Multi-Ethnic Population: The Dallas Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Guel ◽  
Matthias Peltz ◽  
Amit Khera ◽  
Donald D McIntire ◽  
Ronald M Peshock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Aortic Size ◽  
Aortic Dimensions

Introduction: Accurate description of normal aortic size is fundamental to our ability to define aortic aneurysms. However, current definitions of normal aortic dimensions are based on small population samples with limited data on other variables. This study used data from a large unselected community population to define normal aortic dimensions and to examine relationships between aortic size and demographic and anthropometric variables. Methods: Data came from a validated multiethnic urban population sample. Adults (age 18 – 65) underwent collection of demographic and medical history data. A subset of participants (n=2643) underwent gated aortic MRI to measure descending aortic diameter at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Age, gender, ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic or other) and multiple indices of body size and composition were collected or calculated from available data (body mass index [BMI], body surface area [BSA]). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to calculate total body fat mass and lean body mass. A univariate analysis was performed relating descending aortic diameter to each variable. A stepwise variable selection using a p-value criteria of 0.15 for entry and removal was used to identify variables independently associated with aortic size. Results: By univariate analysis, increased aortic size was associated with increased age, male gender, black ethnicity, and greater height, weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI, BSA , total body fat mass and total body lean mass. By multivariable analysis, age, lean body mass, ethnicity, gender, waist circumference, and hip circumference emerged as significant determinants of descending aortic diameter (see Table). Conclusions: The diameter of the descending aorta appears to increase with age and is larger in certain ethnic groups and in subjects with greater indices of body size. Definitions of normal values for descending aortic dimensions may need to consider these factors.

scholarly journals Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696-4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Lear ◽  
Simi Kohli ◽  
Gregory P. Bondy ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Allan D. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Context: Body fat distribution varies among different ethnic groups, yet less is known regarding differences in lean mass and how this may affect insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to compare total body fat to lean mass ratio (F:LM) in Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian individuals with differences in insulin resistance. Participants, Design, and Setting: Aboriginal (196), Chinese (222), European (202), and South Asian (208) individuals were recruited across a range of body mass index to participate in this cross-sectional community study. Main Outcome Measures: Total body fat, lean mass, and insulin resistance were assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: After adjustment for confounders and at a given body fat, South Asian men had less lean mass than Aboriginal [3.42 kg less; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–5.29], Chinese (3.01 kg less; 95% CI = 1.33–4.70), and European (3.57 kg less; 95% CI = 1.82–5.33) men, whereas South Asian women had less lean mass than Aboriginal (1.98 kg less; 95% CI = 0.45–3.50), Chinese (2.24 kg less; 95% CI = 0.81–3.68), and European (2.97 kg less; 95% CI = 1.67–4.27) women. In adjusted models, F:LM was higher in South Asian compared with Chinese and European men and higher in South Asian compared with Aboriginal, Chinese, and European women (P < 0.01 for all). Insulin and HOMA were greatest in South Asians after adjustment; however, these differences were no longer apparent when F:LM was considered. Conclusions: South Asians have a phenotype of high fat mass and low lean mass, which may account for greater levels of insulin and HOMA compared with other ethnic groups.

Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer ( Dama dama)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Weber ◽  
J M Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Seasonal Oscillations

Seasonal oscillations in food intake, live mass, and body component masses were investigated in two groups, each of 4 mature fallow does, which were fed high and low energy density diets ad libitum over a 17-month period. The aim of the experiment was to quantify seasonal patterns of food intake, live mass, and body tissue masses and to assess the effect of high- and low-energy diets on these patterns. Total body fat, muscle, and viscera masses were estimated on 10 occasions using computer-aided tomography. When food intake was expressed in megajoules of metabolisable energy per day, there was little difference between the groups fed the high- and low-energy diets. Food intake showed a clear deviation from a regular annual oscillation during the summer, when intake by both groups was reduced. Seasonal oscillations were apparent in live mass, empty body mass, muscle mass, and total body fat mass, with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. Viscera mass did not show a seasonal pattern but was closely related to food intake. There was a lag phase of 6-7 weeks in the correlation between food intake and live mass and body tissue masses, suggesting that the changes in food intake were a precursor of subsequent changes in live mass and body composition. Further oscillations in muscle and fat masses persisted independently of changes in empty body mass, which indicated a differential change in these components according to season.

Annual Changes in Total Body Fat and Fat-free Mass in Children from 8 to 18 Years in Relation to Changes in Body Mass Index: The Fels Longitudinal Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER M. SIERVOGEL ◽  
L. MICHELE MAYNARD ◽  
WAYNE A. WISEMANDLE ◽  
ALEX F. ROCHE ◽  
SHUMEI S. GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Associations of blood glucose levels with some diabetes risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure and total body fat) in inhabitants of Ho Municipality, Ghana: A cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21` (01) ◽  
pp. 17365-17378
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
◽  
A Koryo-Dabrah ◽  
SK Angmorterh ◽  
D Adedia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

One complex metabolic disorder that can unenviably affect the normal human physiology is diabetes mellitus(DM). It is indeed one of the commonest non-communicable diseases that has heightened to an epidemic level worldwide. For diseases like DM, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II DM, and other chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI) is identified as a positive and independent risk factor associated with morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to determine the relationships between BMI,blood pressure, and total body fat among inhabitants of peri-urban Ho, Ghana. Across-sectional survey was carried out between May and June,2018,among 132 inhabitants of Ho to determine the prevalence and associations among DM risk factors.The participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Standardized international protocols were used to measure BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, and total body fat. Out of 132 respondents, majority 96 (72.7%) were female and the most common age group was 54-60 (31.1%). From the BMI classifications, 65 (49.2%) people were of normal weight while 6 (4.5%) were underweight. Total body fat (%) and blood pressure, likewise total body fat and BMI recorded significant associations of values (0.299, p<0.001-systolic; 0.298, p=0.001-diastolic), and 0.585(p<0.001),respectively. On the contrary, there were insignificant associations found between blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure and also blood glucose and systolic blood pressure(0.100, p=0.253)and (0.057. p=0.514),respectively using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. Lastly,the test of association of socio-demographics and anthropometrics revealed there was a significant (p<0.001)correlation between total body fat and BMI using Pearson’s correlation analysis. BMI is closely related to total body fat and blood pressure;hence,education on lifestyle modification needs to be intensified to create awareness among the inhabitants of Ho municipality of Ghana.It is imperative to educate Ghanaians and beyond about the risk factor associations that predispose an individual to DM.

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