Contribution of body composition and physical activity to age-related decline in peak VO2 in men and women

We examined the contribution of variations in body composition and leisure time physical activity to the age-related decline in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in men and women. Healthy males 17–80 yr old (n = 378) and females 18–81 yr old (n = 224) were characterized for peak VO2 from a treadmill test to exhaustion, fat-free mass and fat mass by underwater weighing, and leisure time physical activity. Peak VO2 showed a greater absolute decline (P < 0.05) with age in males (r = -0.70, slope = -0.034 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) than in females (r = -0.78, slope = -0.028 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01). After statistically controlling for differences in fat-free mass and fat mass, the decline in peak VO2 was diminished in both sexes, although a greater rate of decline persisted in males (r = -0.47, slope = -0.016 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) than in females (r = -0.39, slope = -0.009 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01). We found that the addition of leisure time physical activity (independent of body composition) to the regression model further attenuated the rate of decline in males (r = -0.40, slope = -0.013 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) but did not alter the age-related decline in peak VO2 in females (r = -0.39, slope = -0.009 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-019-0150-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nils Abel Aars ◽

Bjarne K. Jacobsen ◽

Bente Morseth ◽

Nina Emaus ◽

Sameline Grimsgaard

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

First Year ◽

Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2). Methods We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase. Conclusions Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.

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Changes in leisure time physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality in men and women: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.05.014 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (2-3) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Laura A. Talbot ◽

Christopher H. Morrell ◽

Jerome L. Fleg ◽

E. Jeffrey Metter

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Men And Women ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Baltimore Longitudinal Study

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Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Mobility Difficulties among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.14.2.133 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 133-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jarmo J. Malmberg ◽

Seppo I. Miilunpalo ◽

Matti E. Pasanen ◽

Ilkka M. Vuori ◽

Pekka Oja

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Population Based ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Men And Women ◽

Future Risk

The authors investigated the associations of the amount, frequency and intensity, and type of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of self-reported difficulty in walking (WD) and stair climbing (SCD) over 16 years in a population-based cohort age 40–64 years at the onset of the study. Their results indicated that the risk for SCD was highest among men and women with a low amount of weekly LTPA. The risk was high also among women with weekly light LTPA compared with women with weekly vigorous LTPA. The risk for WD was highest among men who engaged in fitness activity once a week compared with men who engaged in fitness activity at least three times a week. A low amount of weekly LTPA, light LTPA twice or more a week, and LTPA for keeping fit and healthy less than three times a week are associated with future risk of mobility difficulties among middle-aged and older adults.

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Associations of Self-rated Fitness and Different Types of Leisure Time Physical Activity With Predicted Aerobic Fitness in 5979 Finnish Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.1.2.142 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Katja Borodulin ◽

Timo Lakka ◽

Tiina Laatikainen ◽

Raija Laukkanen ◽

Hannu Kinnunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Large Population ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Men And Women ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Fitness Level

Background:In large population studies, comparisons of physical activity, self-rated fitness, and measured aerobic fitness are seldom reported. Measuring aerobic fitness is time-consuming and expensive, thus alternative methods are needed.Objectives:To investigate the recently established Polar Fitness Test (PFT) as a method to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, a measure of maximal aerobic power), to assess distribution of predicted VO2max by gender and age, and to compare predictions to self-reported leisure time physical activity and self-rated fitness level in a large Finnish population sample.Methods:The study population comprised 5979 men and women aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the National FINRISK Study. Subjects filled in standardized questionnaires assessing self-rated fitness level and total, conditioning, commuting, and non-conditioning leisure time physical activity. The PFT was performed by a trained nurse at the study site and was based on resting heart rate measurements, gender, age, height, weight, and self-reported physical activity. Healthy individuals and those with a self-reported cardiovascular disease were analyzed separately.Results:The mean predicted VO2max was 38.1 and 35.1 ml/kg/min in healthy men and women, respectively. In both genders, predicted VO2max declined significantly by age. Individuals with cardiovascular disease had lower VO2max predictions than healthy persons. Healthy men reported total leisure time physical activity slightly less than healthy women. Self-rated fitness level and conditioning and commuting leisure time physical activity were independently associated with predicted VO2max, while no correlation between non-conditioning leisure time physical activity and predicted aerobic fitness was found.Conclusion:PFT was a feasible method to predict aerobic fitness in a large population study and was related both to self-rated fitness and self-reported physical activity. Aerobic fitness was associated with conditioning and commuting physical activity, but not with non-conditioning physical activity.

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Effects of leisure time physical activity on psycho-emotional factors in Indian men and women

African Journal for Physical Health Education Recreation and Dance ◽

10.4314/ajpherd.v12i3.24727 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

H Van der Merwe ◽

CJ Wilders ◽

WF Du Plessis ◽

GL Strydom

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Men And Women ◽

Emotional Factors ◽

Indian Men

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Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003886 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (7) ◽

pp. 1085-1091 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Andrew S. Jackson ◽

Ian Janssen ◽

Xuemei Sui ◽

Timothy S. Church ◽

Steven N. Blair

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Healthy Ageing ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Age Related ◽

Negative Effect

Obesity and sarcopenia are health problems associated with ageing. The present study modelled the longitudinal changes in body composition of healthy men, aged from 20 to 96 years, and evaluated the fidelity of BMI to identify age-dependent changes in fat mass and fat-free mass. The data from 7265 men with multiple body composition determinations (total observations 38 328) were used to model the age-related changes in body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, BMI and percentage of body fat. Changes in fat mass and fat-free mass were used to evaluate the fidelity of BMI and to detect body composition changes with ageing. Linear mixed regression models showed that all trajectories of body composition with healthy ageing were quadratic. Fat mass, BMI and percentage of body fat increased from age 20 years and levelled off at approximately 80 years. Fat-free mass increased slightly from age 20 to 47 years and then declined at a non-linear rate with ageing. Levels of aerobic exercise had a positive influence on fat mass and a slight negative effect on fat-free mass. BMI and percentage of body fat were sensitive in detecting the increase in fat mass that occurred with healthy ageing, but failed to identify the loss of fat-free mass that started at age 47 years.

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One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00124.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 2368-2374 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Marjolein Visser ◽

Marco Pahor ◽

Frances Tylavsky ◽

Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽

Jane A. Cauley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Population Based ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Total Body Mass ◽

Men And Women ◽

Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

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