Role of endogenous female hormones in hypoxic chemosensitivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Tatsumi ◽  
Cheryl K. Pickett ◽  
Christopher R. Jacoby ◽  
John V. Weil ◽  
Lorna G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Female Hormones ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Tidal

Tatsumi, Koichiro, Cheryl K. Pickett, Christopher R. Jacoby, John V. Weil, and Lorna G. Moore. Role of endogenous female hormones in hypoxic chemosensitivity. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1706–1710, 1997.—Effective alveolar ventilation and hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) are higher in females than in males and after endogenous or exogenous elevation of progesterone and estrogen. The contribution of normal physiological levels of ovarian hormones to resting ventilation and ventilatory control and whether their site(s) of action is central and/or peripheral are unclear. Accordingly, we examined resting ventilation, HVR, and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HCVR) before and 3 wk after ovariectomy in five female cats. We also compared carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and central nervous system translation responses to hypoxia in 6 ovariectomized and 24 intact female animals. Ovariectomy decreased serum progesterone but did not change resting ventilation, end-tidal[Formula: see text], or HCVR (all P = NS). Ovariectomy reduced the HVR shape parameter A in the awake (38.9 ± 5.5 and 21.2 ± 3.0 before and after ovariectomy, respectively, P < 0.05) and anesthetized conditions. The CSN response to hypoxia was lower in ovariectomized than in intact animals (shape parameter A = 22.6 ± 2.5 and 54.3 ± 3.5 in ovariectomized and intact animals, respectively, P < 0.05), but central nervous system translation of CSN activity into ventilation was similar in ovariectomized and intact animals. We concluded that ovariectomy decreased ventilatory and CSN responsiveness to hypoxia, suggesting that the presence of physiological levels of ovarian hormones influences hypoxic chemosensitivity by acting primarily at peripheral sites.

Effects of estrogen and progesterone on carotid body neural output responsiveness to hypoxia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1909-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hannhart ◽  
C. K. Pickett ◽  
L. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Sites Of Action

Pregnancy increases ventilatory and carotid body neural output (CBNO) responsiveness to hypoxia in cats (J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 797-803, 1989). To determine whether progesterone and estrogen stimulated hypoxic ventilatory and CBNO responsiveness, we studied 24 castrated male cats before and after 1 wk of placebo, estrogen, progesterone, or estrogen plus progesterone treatment. Estrogen plus progesterone treatment decreased end-tidal PCO2 (-3.8 +/- 0.8 Torr) and increased hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness, whereas estrogen or progesterone alone had no effect. Animals receiving progesterone alone or in combination with estrogen had higher CBNO responsiveness than placebo or estrogen-treated animals (shape parameter A = 45 +/- 7 vs. 27 +/- 4, P less than 0.05). However, the group treated with estrogen plus progesterone did not have greater CBNO responsiveness to hypoxia than the group receiving progesterone alone. The cross plot of the simultaneously measured CBNO and ventilation during progressive hypoxia revealed a greater slope in the estrogen-treated than in the placebo animals, suggesting that estrogen treatment increased central nervous system transduction of CBNO into ventilation. Thus the data taken together suggested that progesterone and estrogen had a combination of peripheral (carotid body) and central sites of action such that the administration of both hormones together had a more consistent stimulatory effect on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness than either hormone alone.

Hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity in men is not reduced by prolonged hyperoxia (Predictive Studies V and VI)

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gelfand ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
J. M. Clark ◽  
E. Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptors ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Before And After

Gelfand, R., C. J. Lambertsen, J. M. Clark, and E. Hopkin.Hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity in men is not reduced by prolonged hyperoxia (Predictive Studies V and VI). J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 292–302, 1998.—Potential adverse effects on the O2-sensing function of the carotid body when its cells are exposed to toxic O2 pressures were assessed during investigations of human organ tolerance to prolonged continuous and intermittent hyperoxia (Predictive Studies V and VI). Isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) were determined at 1.0 ATA before and after severe hyperoxic exposures: 1) continuous O2 breathing at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ATA for 17.7, 9.0, and 5.7 h and 2) intermittent O2 breathing at 2.0 ATA (30 min O2-30 min normoxia) for 14.3 O2 h within 30-h total time. Postexposure curvature of HVR hyperbolas was not reduced compared with preexposure controls. The hyperbolas were temporarily elevated to higher ventilations than controls due to increments in respiratory frequency that were proportional to O2 exposure time, not O2 pressure. In humans, prolonged hyperoxia does not attenuate the hypoxia-sensing function of the peripheral chemoreceptors, even after exposures that approach limits of human pulmonary and central nervous system O2 tolerance. Current applications of hyperoxia in hyperbaric O2therapy and in subsea- and aerospace-related operations are guided by and are well within these exposure limits.

Influences of Morphine on the Ventilatory Response to Isocapnic Hypoxia 

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1342-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aad Berkenbosch ◽  
Luc J. Teppema ◽  
Cees N. Olievier ◽  
Albert Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity

Background The ventilatory response to hypoxia is composed of the stimulatory activity from peripheral chemoreceptors and a depressant effect from within the central nervous system. Morphine induces respiratory depression by affecting the peripheral and central carbon dioxide chemoreflex loops. There are only few reports on its effect on the hypoxic response. Thus the authors assessed the effect of morphine on the isocapnic ventilatory response to hypoxia in eight cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethan and on the ventilatory carbon dioxide sensitivities of the central and peripheral chemoreflex loops. Methods The steady-state ventilatory responses to six levels of end-tidal oxygen tension (PO2) ranging from 375 to 45 mmHg were measured at constant end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P[ET]CO2, 41 mmHg) before and after intravenous administration of morphine hydrochloride (0.15 mg/kg). Each oxygen response was fitted to an exponential function characterized by the hypoxic sensitivity and a shape parameter. The hypercapnic ventilatory responses, determined before and after administration of morphine hydrochloride, were separated into a slow central and a fast peripheral component characterized by a carbon dioxide sensitivity and a single offset B (apneic threshold). Results At constant P(ET)CO2, morphine decreased ventilation during hyperoxia from 1,260 +/- 140 ml/min to 530 +/- 110 ml/ min (P &lt; 0.01). The hypoxic sensitivity and shape parameter did not differ from control. The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was displaced to higher P(ET)CO2 levels, and the apneic threshold increased by 6 mmHg (P &lt; 0.01). The central and peripheral carbon dioxide sensitivities decreased by about 30% (P &lt; 0.01). Their ratio (peripheral carbon dioxide sensitivity:central carbon dioxide sensitivity) did not differ for the treatments (control = 0.165 +/- 0.105; morphine = 0.161 +/- 0.084). Conclusions Morphine depresses ventilation at hyperoxia but does not depress the steady-state increase in ventilation due to hypoxia. The authors speculate that morphine reduces the central depressant effect of hypoxia and the peripheral carbon dioxide sensitivity at hyperoxia.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE PERINATAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION FETAL CNS WITH HEMOLYTIC DISEASE, WHO RECEIVED TREATMENT BY INTRAUTERINE INTRAVASCULAR BLOOD TRANSFUSION

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. A. Berman ◽  
A. V. Vazhenin ◽  
O. N. Chernova ◽  
N. V. Bashmakova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: to determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pathomorphological evaluation of focal changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of fetuses with hemolytic disease before and after treatment, by intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion, and to compare the MRI data of fetuses with ultrasound neurosonography (NSH) newborns. The study included 45 pregnant women and their 45 newborns. Patients are divided into 2 groups. The main group: 30 pregnant women (mean gestation period 32,1 weeks) with hemolytic disease of the fetus who underwent intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion and their 30 newborns with hemolytic disease of the newborn. In this group, comparative MRI examinations of the central nervous system were performed using a protocol including fast MP sequences based on T1 and T2-weighted images, as well as the DWI pulse sequence, both before treatment (intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion of the fetus), and after treatment (regardless of the multiplicity of intrauterine intravascular transfusion — before delivery). The comparison group comprised 15 pregnant women (mean gestation period of 38,6 weeks) with no signs of hemolytic disease, examined by MRI for other indications (concomitant pathology of pregnancy) and their 15 newborns, comparable in gestational age to the main group. The obstetric anamnesis, the MRI data of the central nervous system of fetuses before the treatment (the first intrauterine intravascular transfusion) and after the treatment (before the delivery) and the results of ultrasound for the first day of life were analyzed. When comparing the MRI data of changes in the central nervous system, in the main group (in fetuses with bladder) in relation to the comparison group before treatment (the first intrauterine, intravascular transfusion), a high incidence of focal changes in the brain substance in the main group was revealed. The use of MRIdiagnostics demonstrates a decrease in the risk of development of PCNC in ischemic type, in dynamics before and after treatment. Based on the MRI diagnostic data of the fetal CNS, it is possible to judge the prognosis of the outcomes of hemolytic disease of the fetus, in comparison with the neonatal neurosonography data for the first day.

Role of a nurse in the rehabilitation of children using ReviMotion hardware and software complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
T. Shirshova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children occupy 1-2 places in the structure of functional abnormalities. Cognitive impairment without organic damage to the central nervous system is detected in 30-56% of healthy school children. Along with the increase in the incidence rate, the demand for rehabilitation systems, which allow patients to return to normal life as soon as possible and maintain the motivation for the rehabilitation process, is also growing. Adaptation of rehabilitation techniques, ease of equipment management, availability of specially trained personnel and availability of technical support for complexes becomes important.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Hengxun He ◽  
Zhibin Cheng ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Xi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.

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