scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle activation during horizontal and uphill running

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2073-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sloniger ◽  
Kirk J. Cureton ◽  
Barry M. Prior ◽  
Ellen M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right

Sloniger, Mark A., Kirk J. Cureton, Barry M. Prior, and Ellen M. Evans. Lower extremity muscle activation during horizontal and uphill running. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 2073–2079, 1997.—To provide more comprehensive information on the extent and pattern of muscle activation during running, we determined lower extremity muscle activation by using exercise-induced contrast shifts in magnetic resonance (MR) images during horizontal and uphill high-intensity (115% of peak oxygen uptake) running to exhaustion (2.0–3.9 min) in 12 young women. The mean percentage of muscle volume activated in the right lower extremity was significantly ( P <0.05) greater during uphill (73 ± 7%) than during horizontal (67 ± 8%) running. The percentage of 13 individual muscles or groups activated varied from 41 to 90% during horizontal running and from 44 to 83% during uphill running. During horizontal running, the muscles or groups most activated were the adductors (90 ± 5%), semitendinosus (86 ± 13%), gracilis (76 ± 20%), biceps femoris (76 ± 12%), and semimembranosus (75 ± 12%). During uphill running, the muscles most activated were the adductors (83 ± 8%), biceps femoris (79 ± 7%), gluteal group (79 ± 11%), gastrocnemius (76 ± 15%), and vastus group (75 ± 13%). Compared with horizontal running, uphill running required considerably greater activation of the vastus group (23%) and soleus (14%) and less activation of the rectus femoris (29%), gracilis (18%), and semitendinosus (17%). We conclude that during high-intensity horizontal and uphill running to exhaustion, lasting 2–3 min, muscles of the lower extremity are not maximally activated, suggesting there is a limit to the extent to which additional muscle mass recruitment can be utilized to meet the demand for force and energy. Greater total muscle activation during exhaustive uphill than during horizontal running is achieved through an altered pattern of muscle activation that involves increased use of some muscles and less use of others.

Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by bipedal landing with different drop tasks and shoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Changxiao Yu ◽  
Chenhao Yang ◽  
Liqin Deng ◽  
Weijie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Body Tissues

BACKGROUND: The ability of the lower-extremity muscle activation directly affects the performance and in turn interacts with the loading conditions of the muscle itself. However, systematic information concerning the characteristics of lower-extremity muscle during landings is lacking. In particular, the landing height and shoes are also important factors based on the actual situation, which could further contribute to understanding the neuromuscular activity and how biochemical response of the body tissues to double-leg drop landings. OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the activation of lower-extremity muscles and explore the relationship among movement control, landing heights, shoe cushioning, and muscle activities. METHODS: Twelve male basketball players were recruited to perform drop jump (DJ) and passive landing (PL) from three heights (30, 45, and 60 cm) while wearing highly-cushioned basketball shoes (HC) and less-cushioned control shoes (LC). EMG electrodes were used to record the activities of the target muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius) during the landing tasks. RESULTS: Pre- and post-activation activity of the lower-extremity muscles significantly decreased during PL compared with those during DJ (p< 0.05). No significant shoe effects on the characteristics of muscle activation and coactivation during DJ movements were observed. However, the participants wearing LC showed significantly higher muscle post-activation (p< 0.05) at the three drop heights during PL compared with those wearing HC. Coactivation of the ankle muscles was higher in LC than in HC during 30-cm PL (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The activation patterns of lower-extremity muscles can be significantly influenced by landing types. Highly-cushioned basketball shoes would help reduce the risk of injuries by appropriately tuning the muscles during the PL.

Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Treadmill Running at the Same Speeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matthew Silvers ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
D. Clark Dickin ◽  
Garry Killgore ◽  
Dennis G. Dolny
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Context:Muscle activation during aquatic treadmill (ATM) running has not been examined, despite similar investigations for other modes of aquatic locomotion and increased interest in ATM running.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to compare normalized (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction; %MVC), absolute duration (aDUR), and total (tACT) lower-extremity muscle activity during land treadmill (TM) and ATM running at the same speeds.Design:Exploratory, quasi-experimental, crossover design.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:12 healthy recreational runners (age = 25.8 ± 5 y, height = 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 71.5 ± 11.5 kg, running experience = 8.2 ± 5.3 y) volunteered for participation.Intervention:All participants performed TM and ATM running at 174.4, 201.2, and 228.0 m/min while surface electromyographic data were collected from the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris.Main Outcome Measures:For each muscle, a 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the main effects and environment–speed interaction (P ≤ .05) of each dependent variable: %MVC, aDUR, and tACT.Results:Compared with TM, ATM elicited significantly reduced %MVC (−44.0%) but increased aDUR (+213.1%) and tACT (+41.9%) in the vastus medialis, increased %MVC (+48.7%) and aDUR (+128.1%) in the rectus femoris during swing phase, reduced %MVC (−26.9%) and tACT (−40.1%) in the gastrocnemius, increased aDUR (+33.1%) and tACT (+35.7%) in the tibialis anterior, and increased aDUR (+41.3%) and tACT (+29.2%) in the biceps femoris. At faster running speeds, there were significant increases in tibialis anterior %MVC (+8.6−15.2%) and tACT (+12.7−17.0%) and rectus femoris %MVC (12.1−26.6%; swing phase).Conclusion:No significant environment–speed interaction effects suggested that observed muscle-activity differences between ATM and TM were due to environmental variation, ie, buoyancy (presumed to decrease %MVC) and drag forces (presumed to increase aDUR and tACT) in the water.

scholarly journals Modeling of Muscle Activation from Electromyography Recordings in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Susmita Roy ◽  
Ana Alves-Pinto ◽  
Renée Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Force Modeling ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Musculus Gastrocnemius ◽  
Parameter Dependent

The present study estimated muscle activation from electromyographic (EMG) recordings in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) during cycling on an ergometer. This could be used as an input to the modeling of muscle force following the neuromusculoskeletal modeling technique which can help to understand the alterations in neuromotor processes underlying disabilities in CP. EMG signals of lower extremity muscle activity from 14 adult patients with CP and 10 adult healthy participants were used here to derive muscle activation. With a self developed EMG system, signals from the following muscles were recorded: Musculus tibialis anterior, Musculus gastrocnemius, Musculus rectus femoris, and Musculus biceps femoris. Collected EMG signals were mathematically transformed into muscle activation following a parameter dependent and a nonlinear transformation. Muscle activation values from patients with CP were compared to equivalent reference values obtained from healthy controls. Muscle activation calculated at specific foot positions deviated clearly from reference values. The deviation was larger for patients with higher degree of spasticity. Observations underline the need of muscle force modeling during cycling for individualized cycling training for rehabilitation strategy.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Activity During a Women's Overhand Lacrosse Shot

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna M. Millard ◽  
John A. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe lower extremity muscle activity during the lacrosse shot. Participants (n=5 females, age 22±2 years, body height 162.6±15.2 cm, body mass 63.7±23.6 kg) were free from injury and had at least one year of lacrosse experience. The lead leg was instrumented with electromyography (EMG) leads to measure muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (GA). Participants completed five trials of a warm-up speed shot (Slow) and a game speed shot (Fast). Video analysis was used to identify the discrete events defining specific movement phases. Full-wave rectified data were averaged per muscle per phase (Crank Back Minor, Crank Back Major, Stick Acceleration, Stick Deceleration). Average EMG per muscle was analyzed using a 4 (Phase) x 2 (Speed) ANOVA. BF was greater during Fast vs. Slow for all phases (p<0.05), while TA was not influenced by either Phase or Speed (p>0.05). RF and GA were each influenced by the interaction of Phase and Speed (p<0.05) with GA being greater during Fast vs. Slow shots during all phases and RF greater during Crank Back Minor and Major as well as Stick Deceleration (p<0.05) but only tended to be greater during Stick Acceleration (p=0.076) for Fast vs. Slow. The greater muscle activity (BF, RF, GA) during Fast vs. Slow shots may have been related to a faster approach speed and/or need to create a stiff lower extremity to allow for faster upper extremity movements.

scholarly journals Effects of Shoe Midsole Hardness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics during Jump Rope in Healthy Males

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Hai-Bin Yu ◽  
Wei-Hsun Tai ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Wei-Ya Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Muscle Activations ◽  
Jump Rope

This study investigated differences in lower extremity muscle activations and vertical stiffness during a 2.2 Hz jump rope exercise with different midsole hardnesses (45, 50, 55, and 60 Shores C). Twelve healthy male participants wore customized shoes with different hardness midsoles and performed jump rope exercises in a random order. A nine-camera motion analysis system (150 Hz), a force platform (1500 Hz), and a wireless electromyography (EMG) system (Noraxon, 1500 Hz) were used to measure the biomechanical parameters during the jump rope exercise. The biceps femoris %MVC of barefoot participants was significantly greater than that of those wearing the 45 Shores C (p = 0.048) and 55 Shores C (p = 0.009) midsole 100 ms before landing. The vastus medialis %MVC of barefoot participants was significantly greater than that of those wearing the 55 C midsole (p = 0.005). Nonsignificant differences in vertical stiffness were found between midsole hardnesses and barefoot. Lower extremity muscle activation differed between conditions. The results of this study indicate that for repetitive activities that entail multiple impacts, sports shoes with a low midsole hardness (e.g., 50 Shores C or 45 Shores C) may be appropriate. It is important to provide customers with information regarding midsole hardness in shoe product labeling so that they properly consider the function of the shoes.

Lower-Extremity Muscle Activation during the Star Excursion Balance Tests

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Erin Earl ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Integrated Emg

Objective:To identify integrated EMG (I-EMG) activity of 6 lower-extremity muscles during the 8 Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBTs).Design and Setting:Repeated measures, laboratory setting.Subjects:10 healthy young adults.Interventions:The SEBTs require the subject to balance on the stance leg and maximally reach with the contralateral foot along each of 8 lines extending from a common axis at 45° intervals.Measures:I-EMG activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), medial hamstring (MH), biceps femoris (BF), anterior tibialis (AT), and gas-trocnemius.Results:Significant differences were found in all muscles (P < .05) except the gastrocnemius (P = .08). VMO and VL activity tended to be greatest with anteriorly directed excursions, whereas the MH and BF activity were greatest with posteriorly directed excursions. AT activity was lowest with the lateral excursion.Conclusions:Performance of the different SEBTs results in different lower-extremity muscle-activation patterns.

scholarly journals Role of Occupational Footwear and Prolonged Walking on Lower Extremity Muscle Activation during Maximal Exertions and Postural Stability Tasks

Biomechanics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Harish Chander ◽  
Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige ◽  
Alana J. Turner ◽  
Reuben F. Burch V ◽  
Adam C. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Occupational footwear and a prolonged duration of walking have been previously reported to play a role in maintaining postural stability. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of three types of occupational footwear: the steel-toed work boot (ST), the tactical work boot (TB), and the low-top work shoe (LT) on previously unreported lower extremity muscle activity during postural stability tasks. Methods: Electromyography (EMG) muscle activity was measured from four lower extremity muscles (vastus medialis (VM), medial hamstrings (MH), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and during a sensory organization test (SOT) every 30 min over a 4 h simulated workload while wearing ST, TB, and LT footwear. The mean MVIC and the mean and percentage MVIC during each SOT condition from each muscle was analyzed individually using a repeated measures ANOVA at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for maximal exertions, but this was limited to only the time main effect. No significant differences existed for EMG measures during the SOT. Conclusion: The findings suggest that occupational footwear type does not influence lower extremity muscle activity during both MVIC and SOT. Significantly lower muscle activity during maximal exertions over the course of the 4 h workload was evident, which can be attributed to localized muscular fatigue, but this was not sufficient to impact muscle activity during postural stability tasks.

scholarly journals Healthy subjects with lax knees use less knee flexion rather than muscle control to limit anterior tibia translation during landing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle N. J. Keizer ◽  
Juha M. Hijmans ◽  
Alli Gokeler ◽  
Anne Benjaminse ◽  
Egbert Otten
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Purpose It has been reported that there is no correlation between anterior tibia translation (ATT) in passive and dynamic situations. Passive ATT (ATTp) may be different to dynamic ATT (ATTd) due to muscle activation patterns. This study aimed to investigate whether muscle activation during jumping can control ATT in healthy participants. Methods ATTp of twenty-one healthy participants was measured using a KT-1000 arthrometer. All participants performed single leg hops for distance during which ATTd, knee flexion angles and knee flexion moments were measured using a 3D motion capture system. During both tests, sEMG signals were recorded. Results A negative correlation was found between ATTp and the maximal ATTd (r = − 0.47, p = 0.028). An N-Way ANOVA showed that larger semitendinosus activity was seen when ATTd was larger, while less biceps femoris activity and rectus femoris activity were seen. Moreover, larger knee extension moment, knee flexion angle and ground reaction force in the anterior-posterior direction were seen when ATTd was larger. Conclusion Participants with more ATTp showed smaller ATTd during jump landing. Muscle activation did not contribute to reduce ATTd during impact of a jump-landing at the observed knee angles. However, subjects with large ATTp landed with less knee flexion and consequently showed less ATTd. The results of this study give information on how healthy people control knee laxity during jump-landing. Level of evidence III

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