Human hydrometry: comparison of multifrequency  bioelectrical impedance with2H2O and bromine dilution

The traditional method of assessing total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) has been the use of isotopes, on the basis of the dilution principle. Although the development of bioelectrical impedance techniques has eliminated many of the measurement constraints associated with the dilution methods, the degree of interchangeability between the two methods remains uncertain. We used multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS),2H2O dilution, and bromine dilution to assess TBW, ECW, and ICW in 469 healthy subjects (248 males, 221 females) aged 3–29 yr. We found that the TBW, ECW, and ICW estimates for the BIS and dilution methods were significantly correlated ( r 2 = 0.80–0.96, P < 0.0001, SE of the estimate = 2.3–2.7 liters). On the basis of population, the constants used in the BIS analysis could be adjusted so that the mean differences with the dilution methods would become zero. The SD values for the mean differences between the dilution and BIS methods, however, remained significant for both males and females: TBW (±2.1–2.8 liters), ECW (±1.4–1.6 liters), and ICW (2.0–3.1 liters). To improve the accuracy of the BIS measurement for an individual within the age range we have examined, further refinement of the constants used in the BIS analysis is needed.

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Measurement of nutritional status in simulated microgravity by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00721.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Cynthia Bartok ◽

Richard L. Atkinson ◽

Dale A. Schoeller

Keyword(s):

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Body Water ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Individual Change ◽

Water Compartments ◽

Total Body ◽

Mean Differences

The potential of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) for assessing nutritional status in spaceflight was tested in two head-down-tilt bed-rest studies. BIS-predicted extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW) measured using knee-elbow electrode placement were compared with deuterium and bromide dilution (DIL) volumes in healthy, 19- to 45-yr-old subjects. BIS was accurate during 44 h of head-down tilt with mean differences (BIS - DIL) of 0–0.1 kg for ECW, 0.3–0.5 for ICW, and 0.4–0.6 kg for TBW ( n = 28). At 44 h, BIS followed the within-individual change in body water compartments with a relative prediction error (standard error of the estimate/baseline volume) of 2.0–3.6% of water space. In the second study, BIS did not detect an acute decrease (-1.41 ± 0.91 kg) in ICW secondary to 48 h of a protein-free, 800 kcal/day diet ( n = 18). BIS's insensitivity to ICW losses may be because they were predominantly (65%) localized to the trunk and/or because there was a general failure of BIS to measure ICW independently of ECW and TBW. BIS may have potential for measuring nutritional status during spaceflight, but its limitations in precision and insensitivity to acute ICW changes warrant further validation studies.

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Feasibility of Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement before and after Thoracentesis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/810797 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matthias Daniel Zink ◽

Sören Weyer ◽

Karolin Pauly ◽

Andreas Napp ◽

Michael Dreher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Frequency Domain ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Change ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Single Time Point

Background.Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is applied to measure changes in tissue composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate its feasibility in measuring the fluid shift after thoracentesis in patients with pleural effusion.Methods.45 participants (21 with pleural effusion and 24 healthy subjects) were included. Bioelectrical impedance was analyzed for “Transthoracic,” “Foot to Foot,” “Foot to Hand,” and “Hand to Hand” vectors in low and high frequency domain before and after thoracentesis. Healthy subjects were measured at a single time point.Results.The mean volume of removed pleural effusion was1169±513 mL. The “Foot to Foot,” “Hand to Hand,” and “Foot to Hand” vector indicated a trend for increased bioelectrical impedance after thoracentesis. Values for the low frequency domain in the “Transthoracic” vector increased significantly (P<0.001). A moderate correlation was observed between the amount of removed fluid and impedance change in the low frequency domain using the “Foot to Hand” vector (r=-0.7).Conclusion.Bioelectrical impedance changes in correlation with the thoracic fluid level. It was feasible to monitor significant fluid shifts and loss after thoracentesis in the “Transthoracic” vector by means of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The trial is registered with Registration Numbers IRB EK206/11 andNCT01778270.

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Influence of Posture and Frequency Modes in Total Body Water Estimation Using Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Boys and Adult Males

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu6051886 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1886-1898 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masaharu Kagawa ◽

Connie Wishart ◽

Andrew Hills

Keyword(s):

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Body Water ◽

Adult Males ◽

Total Body

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Strengths among Contemporary Teenagers: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0402.195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ritu Rani ◽

Punam Midha ◽

Ankita Budhiraja

Keyword(s):

Harmonious Society ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Male And Female ◽

Signature Strengths ◽

Fast Speed ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Age Range ◽

Purposive Sample

Male and female are two indispensible wheels of a chariot, thus both complement each other and this is a fact that without any one of them, it is just impossible to imagine the smooth continuation of the journey of life. India is a country where women were worshiped as Goddess. Though the society in which we live has been shaped historically by males. But recently the existing scenario appears to be changing with the realization of strengths among females. A harmonious society appears to be emerging with the fast speed of decline in gender-specificity. In order to empirically confirm these notions, the present researchers decided to explore and compare the profile of strengths of male-female adolescents. A test of Hindi adaptation of Value In Action (VIA) Inventory of Strengths for Youth by Shree and Singh (2013) was used. A purposive sample of 150 adolescents in which 75 were males and 75 were females with the age range of 13-17 years was drawn from Rohtak city, Haryana. The descriptive statistics was used to find out the mean differences in strengths of male and female adolescents. They differed to some extent in their profile of signature strengths. Further the profile of top five strengths also called “signature strengths”, the male and female differed in two out of five signature strengths. The similar signature strengths found in both male and female adolescents were such as judgment/critical thinking, appreciation of beauty and love, however they differed on two strengths such as zest and perspective were found in male while kindness and modesty were found in female. The inference drawn from the current study is that females are more humane than the male counterpart whereas males are found to be more courageous than females. The need to foster or enhance certain strengths in specific gender are discussed in the paper.

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Checks in the statolith microstructure of the short-finned squid, Illex coindetii from the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315499001344 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1091-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alexander Arkhipkin ◽

Patrizia Jereb ◽

Sergio Ragonese

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Zone ◽

Mantle Length ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

Strait Of Sicily ◽

Younger Age ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

Microstructural prominent discontinuities (checks) were observed within the statoliths of the short-finned squid Illex coindetii from the Strait of Sicily. Two hundred and forty-two pairs of statoliths were extracted from specimens (52–175 mm of mantle length, ML) sampled during autumn 1995 and analysed. Beside the check delimiting the postnuclear zone, up to four peripheral checks were detected in the peripheral zone. The occurrence of peripheral checks in the statoliths of immature squid was low (5–15%), whereas 80–95% of mature squid had peripheral checks. The mean number of peripheral checks within statoliths of mature males and females did not differ significantly (1.53–1.68 peripheral checks per squid). In mature and spawning females, the number of peripheral checks corresponded well with the number of spermatophoric bundles inside the mantles. Age at peripheral check formation was estimated for each sex, indicating that the first peripheral check formed at a significantly younger age in males than in females. Formation of the first peripheral check coincided with the start of maturation in both sexes, at a wide age range. The number of increments between peripheral checks subsequent to the first one declined sharply and remained similar in the two sexes, with a predominant mode between three and seven increments. A possible relationship between the number of peripheral checks and mating events in I. coindetii is discussed.

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Estimation of Total Body and Extracellular Water Using Single-and Multiple-Frequency Bioimpedance

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809402800501 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 565-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rakesh V. Patel ◽

James R. Matthie ◽

Paul O. Withers ◽

Edward L. Peterson ◽

Barbara J. Zarowitz

Keyword(s):

Deuterium Oxide ◽

Acute Care Hospital ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Extracellular Water ◽

Multiple Frequency ◽

Open Label ◽

For Profit ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Body

OBJECTIVE: To determine the precision and bias of single- and multiple-frequency bioimpedance estimates of total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) volumes in comparison with the true values for these volumes established by gold standard dilution techniques. DESIGN: Controlled, prospective, open-label investigation. SETTING: Private, not-for-profit university-affiliated, acute care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Normal, healthy men (n=8) and women (n=6) volunteers, 25–46 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: A single oral dose of a mixture of deuterium oxide 10 g and bromine 30 mmol; bioimpedance analysis pre- and three hours postrnixture administration. MAIN OUTCOME PARAMETERS: TBW and ECW volumes established by deuterium oxide and bromine dilutional spaces (gold standards), respectively, and single- and multiple-frequency bioimpedance estimates of those same volumes. RESULTS: The mean multiple-frequency bioimpedance (MFB) and single frequency bioimpedance (SFB) estimates of TBW, 41.2 and 42.1 L, respectively, were not statistically different (NS) from the 41.2 L deuterium oxide value. Although the two methods had similar precision (NS), MFB was less biased. For ECW, the mean MFB and SFB values of 19.5 and 24.8 L, respectively, were significantly different from the bromine value of 18.8 L (p=0.013 and p=0.001, respectively). MFB was the more precise and less biased predictor of ECW. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with SFB, the MFB approach is a more precise and less biased predictor of TBW and ECW volumes in young, healthy adults, and may offer more accurate assessment in subjects with aberrant physiology.

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Application of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method for the Detection of Dehydration Status in Professional Divers

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina48040029 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sermin Sengun ◽

Atilla Uslu ◽

Salih Aydin

Keyword(s):

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Decompression Sickness ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Extracellular Water ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Fluid Shift ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Deep Diving ◽

Total Body

Background and Objective. The level of dehydration has been known to be a predisposing factor for the development of decompression sickness in divers. The aim of this study was to determine the level of dehydration in divers who dove with heliox and to determine whether the source of this dehydration was intracellular and/or extracellular by means of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA). Material and Methods. Eleven male professional divers were enrolled in the study. In order to determine the level of dehydration, MF-BIA was carried out (at 5, 50, and 100 kHz) and capillary hematocrit (Hct) was measured two times: one before diving and the other after leaving the pressure room. Results. When prediving and postdiving parameters were compared, significant increases in the resistance at 5 kHz (P<0.001), 50 kHz, (P<0.001), and 100 kHz (P<0.01) and Hct (P<0.01) were observed after the diving. Similarly, a statistically significant fluid shift was found: total body water, –1.30 L (P<0.001), extracellular water, –0.85 L (P<0.001); and intracellular water, –0.45 L (P=0.011). Conclusions. Our results showed that mild dehydration occurred both in the intracellular and extracellular compartments in divers after deep diving. This study also indicates that MF-BIA could be a reliable new method for determining the dehydration status in divers.

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The Variability of β Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Healthy Subjects

10.1055/s-0039-1687207 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

J. Zahavi ◽

N.A.G. Jones ◽

M. Dubiel ◽

J. Leyton ◽

V.V. Kakkar

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activation ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Platelet Factor 4 ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Platelet Activity ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Platelet Concentration ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

Plasma β TC was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA)in 202 healthy subjects (age range 12-103); 111 young (mean age 25.2) 34 middle aged (MA) (mean age 55.6) and 57 old (mean age 82.2). Their mean ±1SE plasma β TG levels in ng/ml were 28.3 ± 1.5 (range 3-74), 31.9-2-70 (range 7-65) and 49.99 ± 2.9 (range 14-95) respectively. Plasma βTG level was significantly raised in the old subjects compared to young or MA (p ⩽ 0.0005). Furthermore the ratio of plasma β TG to platelet concentration in whole blood (PC) was higher in the MA subjects compared to the young (p ⩽ 0.009). Plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4) was measured by RIA in 4l healthy subjects, 11 young and 30 old and correlated to plasma βTG. A significant correlation between the 2 proteins was found in the 2 groups (r = 0.8337 in the young and r = 0.0602 in the old subjects), indicating that both proteins are released in-vivo from the same pool and presumably at the same rate. The mean plasma PF4 level in ng/ml was 14.6 (range 6-48) in the young and 18.2 (range 7.7-50) in the old and the ratio of the plasma PF4 to PC was higher in the old subjects (p ⩽ 0.04), These results suggest that in-vivo platelet activation and “release reaction” are increased in old and MA subjects compared to young, presumably due to atherosclerotic vascular changes. This enhanced platelet activity may reflect a pre-thtombotic state.

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Using Dilution Techniques and Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance to Assess Both Total Body Water and Extracellular Water at Baseline and During Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults*

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.82.10.4272 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

pp. 3349-3355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. J. H. Janssen ◽

P. Deurenberg ◽

F. Roelfsema

Keyword(s):

Total Body Water ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Body Water ◽

The Body ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Extracellular Water ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Total Body ◽

Rhgh Treatment

Abstract Due to the use of various, and mostly indirect, methods to estimate total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW), there is no agreement about whether body water distribution, i.e. the ECW to TBW ratio, is normal in GH-deficient (GHD) subjects at baseline and during recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment. We studied body water distribution in 14 patients with adult-onset GHD and in 28 healthy controls. We also investigated the effect of GH replacement therapy for 4 and 52 weeks on body water distribution. All patients started with a dose of 0.6 IU rhGH/day for the first 4 weeks. After 52 weeks, the dose varied between 0.6–1.8 IU/day. TBW and ECW were measured by dilution of deuterium and bromide, respectively. Both parameters were also estimated using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Patients with GHD had significantly lower ECW and TBW than healthy controls. In addition, the ECW to TBW ratio was significantly lower in GHD patients than in healthy controls. Four weeks of GH treatment significantly increased body weight, TBW, ECW, and ECW/TBW. A further increase in TBW, but not ECW, was found after 52 weeks of treatment. The mean increases in TBW and ECW from the baselines were 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.0 ± 0.3 L, respectively. The correlation coefficient and the estimated reliability between measured and estimated TBW and ECW at any time point were all high (>0.91 and >0.95, respectively). In general, both ECW and TBW were overestimated by multifrequency BIA in GHD adults. During treatment, the overestimation of both ECW and TBW diminished. The estimation error was correlated with the level of the body water compartment and the ratio of ECW to TBW. The estimated change in ECW with rhGH treatment was underestimated by multifrequency BIA. We conclude that GHD adults have lower ECW and TBW and a lower ECW to TBW ratio, as measured by dilution techniques. The ECW to TBW ratio can be normalized within 4 weeks of rhGH treatment at a dose of 0.6 IU/day. Finally, we conclude that multifrequency impedance measurements do not give valid estimates of body water compartments in the follow-up of patients with GHD.

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