scholarly journals Enhanced synthesis of albumin and fibrinogen at high altitude

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Imoberdorf ◽  
Peter J. Garlick ◽  
Margaret A. McNurlan ◽  
George A. Casella ◽  
Edgar Peheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Made In ◽  
Stimulation Of

The acute effects of active and passive ascent to high altitude on plasma volume (PV) and rates of synthesis of albumin and fibrinogen have been examined. Measurements were made in two groups of healthy volunteers, initially at low altitude (550 m) and again on the day after ascent to high altitude (4,559 m). One group ascended by helicopter (air group, n = 8), whereas the other group climbed (foot group, n = 9), so that the separate contribution of physical exertion to the response could be delineated. PV was measured by dilution of125I-labeled albumin, whereas synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen were determined from the incorporation of isotope into protein after injection of [ ring-2H5]phenylalanine. In the air group, there was no change in PV at high altitude, whereas, in the foot group, there was a 10% increase in PV ( P < 0.01). Albumin synthesis (mg · kg−1· day−1) increased by 13% in the air group ( P = 0.058) and by 32% in the foot group ( P < 0.001). Fibrinogen synthesis (mg · kg−1· day−1) increased by 40% in the air group ( P = 0.068) and by 100% in the foot group ( P < 0.001). Hypoxia and alkalosis at high altitude did not differ between the groups. Plasma interleukin-6 was increased modestly in both groups but C-reactive protein was not changed in either group. It is concluded that increases in PV and plasma protein synthesis at high altitude result mainly from the physical exercise associated with climbing. However, a small stimulation of albumin and fibrinogen synthesis may be attributable to hypobaric hypoxia alone.

scholarly journals Cognitive Changes during Prolonged Stay at High Altitude and Its Correlation with C-Reactive Protein

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Li Hu ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Zhi Qiang Dai ◽  
Heng Li Zhao ◽  
Hua Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Reactive Protein

Acute Effects of Accumulating Exercise on Postprandial Lipemia and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Young Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Miyashita ◽  
Stephen F. Burns ◽  
David J. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Crp ◽  
Postprandial Triacylglycerol

The current study investigated the acute effects of accumulating short bouts of running on circulating concentrations of postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Ten men, age 21–32 yr, completed two 1-d trials. On 1 occasion participants ran at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake in six 5-min bouts (i.e., 8:30, 10, and 11:30 a.m. and 1, 2:30, and 4 p.m.) with 85 min rest between runs. On another occasion participants rested throughout the day. In both trials, participants consumed test meals at 9 a.m. and 12 p.m. In each trial, venous blood samples were collected at 8:30, 10, and 11:30 a.m. and 1, 2:30, 4, and 5:30 p.m. for plasma TAG measurement and at 8:30 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. for serum CRP measurement. Total area under the curve for plasma TAG concentration versus time was 10% lower on the exercise trial than the control trial (M ± SEM: 13.5 ± 1.8 vs. 15.0 ± 1.9 mmol · 9 hr−1 · L−1; p = .004). Serum CRP concentrations did not differ between trials or over time. This study demonstrates that accumulating short bouts of running reduces postprandial plasma TAG concentrations (a marker for cardiovascular disease risk) but does not alter serum CRP concentrations.

Effect of high altitude and exercise on microvascular parameters in acclimatized subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Florian Demetz ◽  
Dirk Bruegger ◽  
Martin Schmoelz ◽  
Sebastian Schroepfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Low Altitude

The role of microvascular fluid shifts in the adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia and its contribution to the pathophysiology of AMS (acute mountain sickness) is unresolved. In a systematic prospective study, we investigated the effects of hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise alone, and in combination, on microvascular fluid exchange and related factors. We used computer-assisted VCP (venous congestion plethysmography) on the calves of ten altitude-acclimatized volunteers. We investigated the effects of: (i) actively climbing to an altitude of 3196 m, (ii) airlifting these subjects to the same altitude, and (iii) exercise at low altitude. CFC (capillary filtration capacity), Pvi (isovolumetric venous pressure) and Qa (calf blood flow) were assessed before and after each procedure and then repeated after an overnight rest. Measurements of CFC showed no evidence of increased microvascular permeability after any of the procedures. Pvi was significantly decreased (P<0.001) from 20.3±4.4 to 8.9±4.3 mmHg after active ascent, and was still significantly lower (P=0.009) after overnight rest at high altitude (13.6±5.9 mmHg). No such changes were observed after the passive ascent (16.7±4.0 mmHg at baseline; 17.3±4.5 mmHg after passive ascent; and 19.9±5.3 mmHg after overnight rest) or after exercise at low altitude. After the active ascent, Qa was significantly increased. We also found a significant correlation between Qa, Pvi and the number of circulating white blood cells. In conclusion, we found evidence to support the hypothesis that increased microvascular permeability associated with AMS does not occur in acclimatized subjects. We also observed that the microvascular equilibrium pressure (Pvi) fell in inverse relation to the increase in Qa, especially in hypoxic exercise. We hypothesize that this inverse relationship reflects the haemodynamic changes at the microvascular interface, possibly attributable to the flow-induced increases in endothelial surface shear forces.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON CROSSING SUCCESS IN DIFFERENT POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L.)CROSSES

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Güngör YILMAZ ◽  
Ahmet KINAY ◽  
Nejdet KANDEMİR ◽  
Şaziye DÖKÜLEN
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Made In

This study was carried out to determine the effect of growing conditions underdifferent altitudes on seed production in different potato crosses in Tokat Provinceof Turkey in 2015. Plants were grown and crosses were made in open field or nethouse in Tokat location (altitude 600 m asl.), open field or net house in Artovalocation (altitude 1200 m asl.), or controlled polycarbonate greenhouse. Fifteendifferent crosses were made between 12 parent cultivars. Production of hybridpotato seed was considered “crossing success”. Results showed that parentcultivars and cross combinations affected crossing success and no seeds wereproduced from some combinations while some combinations produced abundantseeds. The highest number of seeds were produced in controlled polycarbonategreenhouse, whereas very low amount of seeds were produced under low altitude(600 m asl.) open field conditions. Polycarbonate greenhouse produced 47.3% ofall seeds, while low altitude net house produced 19.8%, high altitude open fieldproduced 15.8%, high altitude net house produced 13.6% and low altitude openfield produced 3.5%. It was concluded that for a high crossing success, potatocrossing should be made by controlled polycarbonate greenhouse conditions and 23C0 day / 17 C0 night temperatures produced more hybrid seeds.

Serum C-reactive protein levels predict regional brain responses to noxious cold stimulation of the hand in chronic whiplash associated disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Sterling ◽  
Jessica Head ◽  
Peter J. Cabot ◽  
Michael Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cold Stimulation ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorders ◽  
Chronic Whiplash ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractBackground and aimsWhiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) are a costly health burden. The condition is characterised by sensory disturbances such as widespread hyperalgesia likely indicative of central hyperexcitability. Recently elevated levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers have also found in acute and chronic WAD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and pain processing in people with persistent whiplash associated disorders (WAD).MethodsTwenty one participants with chronic whiplash (>3 months) were recruited. Venous blood samples were collected and assays performed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast images of the brain were acquired with a Siemens 1.5T MRI scanner during repeated 24 s stimulus blocks of innocuous or painful stimuli (thumbnail pressure and cold stimulation of dorsum of hand) separated by 36 s inter-stimulus intervals. Stimulus intensities used during scanning were at the level of participants’ thresholds for moderate pain. Parameter estimates representing BOLD signal increases during painful events from each participant were tested for associations with inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsClinically relevant levels of CRP and TNF-α were found in 33% and 38% of participants. Levels of CRP showed a positive correlation with levels of cold pain activation in brain regions including the anterior insula, posterior parietal cortex, caudate and thalamus (pcorrected < 0.05). Levels of TNF-α were not related to activation levels during either noxious pressure or cold. Pressure pain activations also did not show a relationship with CRP levels.ConclusionsShared variance between inflammation and increased levels of regional pain-related activation in people with persistent whiplash symptoms is apparent for cold, but not pressure stimuli.ImplicationsThe results highlight cold pain processing as an important aspect of whiplash chronicity, although the implications of this modality-specific effect are not readily apparent.

Pathophysiological significance of peroxidative stress, neuronal damage, and membrane permeability in acute mountain sickness

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian M. Bailey ◽  
Gian-Reto Kleger ◽  
Manfred Holzgraefe ◽  
Peter E. Ballmer ◽  
Peter Bärtsch
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Free radical-mediated changes in vascular permeability and subsequent inflammatory response may be a contributory pathogenetic cofactor responsible for the development of neurological sequelae associated with acute mountain sickness (AMS). To investigate this, 49 subjects were examined at sea level and serially after rapid ascent to 4,559 m. Although the venous concentration of total creatine phosphokinase activity was measured in all subjects, a complementary examination of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein), and cerebrovascular tissue damage (neuron-specific enolase) biomarkers was confined to a subcohort of 24 subjects. A selective increase ( P < 0.05) in total creatine phosphokinase was observed in subjects diagnosed with AMS at high altitude ( n = 25) compared with apparently healthy controls ( n = 24). However, despite a marked increase in IL-6 and C-reactive protein attributable primarily to subjects developing high-altitude pulmonary edema, subcohort analyses demonstrated no selective differences in F2-isoprostanes, neuron-specific enolase, or remaining proinflammatory cytokines due to AMS ( n = 14). The present findings are the first to demonstrate that free radical-mediated neuronal damage of sufficient degree to be detected in the peripheral circulation does not occur and is, therefore, unlikely to be an important, initiating event that is critical for the development of AMS. The pathophysiological significance of increased sarcolemmal membrane permeability and inflammatory response, either as a cause or epiphenomenon of AMS and/or high-altitude pulmonary edema, remains to be elucidated.

CONTROL OF UTERO-OVARIAN VENOUS PROSTAGLANDIN F DURING LABOUR IN THE SHEEP: ACUTE EFFECTS OF VAGINAL AND CERVICAL STIMULATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. F. FLINT ◽  
ANNE B. M. ANDERSON ◽  
P. T. PATTEN ◽  
A. C. TURNBULL
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Manual Examination ◽  
Cervical Stimulation ◽  
Vaginal Distension ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Simultaneous measurements of prostaglandin F, total unconjugated oestrogens and progesterone have been made in utero-ovarian venous or posterior vena caval plasma from pregnant ewes during parturition. In all cases, levels of oestrogens and prostaglandin F increased before delivery, after a decrease in the level of progesterone. In four out of six sheep, during both spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced labour, increases in the levels of oestrogens and prostaglandin F occurred in parallel. In the other two animals, levels of prostaglandin F increased before those of oestrogens. The increases in prostaglandin F consistently preceded any measurable increase in uterine activity, suggesting levels were not raised as a consequence of labour. Infusion of oestrogen to two dexamethasone-treated animals resulted in increased utero-ovarian venous prostaglandin F levels within 2–3 h. These findings support previous evidence indicating that levels of prostaglandin F may be controlled by oestrogen and progesterone. Manual examination of the cervix, with associated distension of the vagina, resulted in dramatic increases in the level of utero-ovarian venous prostaglandin F during the last 13 h of gestation, both in dexamethasone-induced labour and in labour of natural onset. Since expulsion of the foetus also results in vaginal distension, this finding raises the possibility that the very high levels of prostaglandin F observed at delivery may be caused by tactile stimulation of the vagina.

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