Effects of endurance exercise training on heart rate variability and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: protection is not due to enhanced cardiac vagal regulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Billman ◽  
Monica Kukielka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Before And After

Low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Exercise training can increase HRV (an index of cardiac vagal regulation) and could, thereby, decrease the risk for VF. To test this hypothesis, a 2-min coronary occlusion was made during the last min of a 18-min submaximal exercise test in dogs with healed myocardial infarctions; 20 had VF (susceptible), and 13 did not (resistant). The dogs then received either a 10-wk exercise program (susceptible, n = 9; resistant, n = 8) or an equivalent sedentary period (susceptible, n = 11; resistant, n = 5). HRV was evaluated at rest, during exercise, and during a 2-min occlusion at rest and before and after the 10-wk period. Pretraining, the occlusion provoked significantly ( P < 0.01) greater increases in HR (susceptible, 54.9 ± 8.3 vs. resistant, 25.0 ± 6.1 beats/min) and greater reductions in HRV (susceptible, −6.3 ± 0.3 vs. resistant, −2.8 ± 0.8 ln ms2) in the susceptible dogs compared with the resistant animals. Similar response differences between susceptible and resistant dogs were noted during submaximal exercise. Training significantly reduced the HR and HRV responses to the occlusion (HR, 17.9 ± 11.5 beats/min; HRV, −1.2 ± 0.8, ln ms2) in the susceptible dogs; similar response reductions were noted during exercise. In contrast, these variables were not altered in the sedentary susceptible dogs. Posttraining, VF could no longer be induced in the susceptible dogs, whereas four sedentary susceptible dogs died during the 10-wk control period, and the remaining seven animals still had VF when tested. Atropine decreased HRV but only induced VF in one of eight trained susceptible dogs. Thus exercise training increased cardiac vagal activity, which was not solely responsible for the training-induced VF protection.

Cardiac vagal modulation of heart rate during prolonged submaximal exercise in animals with healed myocardial infarctions: effects of training

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. H1680-H1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Kukielka ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
George E. Billman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study investigated the effects of long-duration exercise on heart rate variability [as a marker of cardiac vagal tone (VT)]. Heart rate variability (time series analysis) was measured in mongrel dogs ( n = 24) with healed myocardial infarctions during 1 h of submaximal exercise (treadmill running at 6.4 km/h at 10% grade). Long-duration exercise provoked a significant (ANOVA, all P < 0.01, means ± SD) increase in heart rate (1st min, 165.3 ± 15.6 vs. last min, 197.5 ± 21.5 beats/min) and significant reductions in high frequency (0.24 to 1.04 Hz) power (VT: 1st min, 3.7 ± 1.5 vs. last min, 1.0 ± 0.9 ln ms2), R-R interval range (1st min, 107.9 ± 38.3 vs. last min, 28.8 ± 13.2 ms), and R-R interval SD (1st min, 24.3 ± 7.7 vs. last min 6.3 ± 1.7 ms). Because endurance exercise training can increase cardiac vagal regulation, the studies were repeated after either a 10-wk exercise training ( n = 9) or a 10-wk sedentary period ( n = 7). After training was completed, long-duration exercise elicited smaller increases in heart rate (pretraining: 1st min, 156.0 ± 13.8 vs. last min, 189.6 ± 21.9 beats/min; and posttraining: 1st min, 149.8 ± 14.6 vs. last min, 172.7 ± 8.8 beats/min) and smaller reductions in heart rate variability (e.g., VT, pretraining: 1st min, 4.2 ± 1.7 vs. last min, 0.9 ± 1.1 ln ms2; and posttraining: 1st min, 4.8 ± 1.1 vs. last min, 2.0 ± 0.6 ln ms2). The response to long-duration exercise did not change in the sedentary animals. Thus the heart rate increase that accompanies long-duration exercise results, at least in part, from reductions in cardiac vagal regulation. Furthermore, exercise training attenuated these exercise-induced reductions in heart rate variability, suggesting maintenance of a higher cardiac vagal activity during exercise in the trained state.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability: Analysis of time-domain indices in patients with chronic Chagas disease before and after an exercise program

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Amaral da Silva Souza ◽  
Carla Cristiane Santos Soares ◽  
Juliana Rega de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Paloma Hargreaves Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Improvement of Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate Variability by Eurythmy Therapy Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Seifert ◽  
Jenny-Lena Kanitz ◽  
Kim Pretzer ◽  
Günter Henze ◽  
Katharina Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Nonlinear Parameters ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Domains

Background. Impairment of circadian rhythm is associated with various clinical problems. It not only has a negative impact on quality of life but can also be associated with a significantly poorer prognosis. Eurythmy therapy (EYT) is an anthroposophic movement therapy aimed at reducing fatigue symptoms and stress levels.Objective. This analysis of healthy subjects was conducted to examine whether the improvement in fatigue symptoms was accompanied by improvements in the circadian rhythm of heart rate variability (HRV).Design. Twenty-three women performed 10 hours of EYT over six weeks. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded before and after the EYT trial. HRV was quantified by parameters of the frequency and time domains and the nonlinear parameters of symbolic dynamics.Results. The day-night contrast with predominance of vagal activity at night becomes more pronounced after the EYT training, and with decreased Ultralow and very low frequencies, the HRV shows evidence of calmer sleep. During the night, the complexity of the HRV is significantly increased indicated by nonlinear parameters.Conclusion. The analysis of the circadian patterns of cardiophysiological parameters before and after EYT shows significant improvements in HRV in terms of greater day-night contrast caused by an increase of vagal activity and calmer and more complex HRV patterns during sleep.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Boileau ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Demetra Demetriou ◽  
Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽  
Gregory L. Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

scholarly journals Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248686
Author(s):  
Sabrina Neyer ◽  
Michael Witthöft ◽  
Mark Cropley ◽  
Markus Pawelzik ◽  
Ricardo Gregorio Lugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Before And After

Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a psychophysiological indicator of mental and physical health. Limited research suggests there is reduced vagal activity and resulting lower HRV in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however little is actually known about the association between HRV and symptoms of depression and whether the association mirrors symptom improvement following psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antidepressant therapy, symptom change and HRV in 50 inpatients (68% females; 17–68 years) with a diagnosis of MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression. Measures of vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency) were assessed at multiple measurement points before and after inpatient psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. Results showed an expected negative correlation between HRV and depressive symptoms at intake. Depressive symptoms improved (d = 0.84) without corresponding change in HRV, demonstrating a de-coupling between this psychophysiological indicator and symptom severity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine an association between HRV and depressive symptoms before and after psychotherapy. The observed de-coupling of depression and HRV, and its methodological implications for future research are discussed.

Effect of endurance exercise training on heart rate onset and heart rate recovery responses to submaximal exercise in animals susceptible to ventricular fibrillation

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Billman ◽  
Monica Kukielka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercise Onset

Both a large heart rate (HR) increase at exercise onset and a slow heart rate (HR) recovery following the termination of exercise have been linked to an increased risk for ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with coronary artery disease. Endurance exercise training can alter cardiac autonomic regulation. Therefore, it is possible that this intervention could restore a more normal HR regulation in high-risk individuals. To test this hypothesis, HR and HR variability (HRV, 0.24- to 1.04-Hz frequency component; an index of cardiac vagal activity) responses to submaximal exercise were measured 30, 60, and 120 s after exercise onset and 30, 60, and 120 s following the termination of exercise in dogs with healed myocardial infarctions known to be susceptible ( n = 19) to VF (induced by a 2-min coronary occlusion during the last minute of a submaximal exercise test). These studies were then repeated after either a 10-wk exercise program (treadmill running, n = 10) or an equivalent sedentary period ( n = 9). After 10 wk, the response to exercise was not altered in the sedentary animals. In contrast, endurance exercise increased indexes of cardiac vagal activity such that HR at exercise onset was reduced (30 s after exercise onset: HR pretraining 179 ± 8.4 vs. posttraining 151.4 ± 6.6 beats/min; HRV pretraining 4.0 ± 0.4 vs. posttraining 5.8 ± 0.4 ln ms2), whereas HR recovery 30 s after the termination of exercise increased (HR pretraining 186 ± 7.8 vs. posttraining 159.4 ± 7.7 beats/min; HRV pretraining 2.4 ± 0.3 vs. posttraining 4.0 ± 0.6 ln ms2). Thus endurance exercise training restored a more normal HR regulation in dogs susceptible to VF.

scholarly journals Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca em Universitários Saudáveis Após Ingesta de Bebida Energética / Heart Rate Variability in Healthy College Students After Energy Drink Intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Daniel Cesar Shirane ◽  
Fernanda Pereira Maiolini ◽  
Dalmo Antônio Ribeiro Moreira
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Red Bull

Objetivo: O objetivo é analisar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em universitários saudáveis, após ingestão de bebida energética. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, uni-cego que incluiu indivíduos de coração normal. Todos submeteram-se à monitorização eletrocardiográfica por 5 minutos, antes da ingestão de 250 ml do energético Red Bull® (grupo A – GA) ou de placebo (grupo B – GB), numa relação 3:1, num período de 10 minutos. Após 45 minutos, um outro ECG foi realizado. Os indivíduos dos GA e GB permaneceram em repouso, sentados. Foi obtida a VFC antes e após a administração das substâncias, nos domínios do tempo (DT) e da frequência (DF). Foram excluídos consumidores de energéticos, aqueles que tivessem ingerido álcool ou cafeína nas 24 h antes da investigação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 30 indivíduos no grupo A (16H, 14M, média de idade 22±3a, variando entre 17 e 36 a) e 10 no grupo B (6H, 4M, média de idade 20±5a).  Não se observou variação da frequência cardíaca antes e após nos GA e GB (70±10 vs 71±8 no GA [p=0,941] e, 69±8 vs. 70±9 no GB[p=0,881]). Houve incremento significativo da atividade vagal no GA, em comparação ao GB, tanto no DT (SDNN e RMSSD), como no DF (HF). O Red Bull® interferiu pouco no sistema simpático e na relação LF/HF nos GA e GB. Conclusões: O Red Bull® na dose empregada, aumentou a VFC por incremento do tônus parassimpáticos; não causou alteração no equilíbrio autonômico (relação LF/HF); esses achados confirmam os efeitos da cafeína sobre a VFC demonstrado em outros estudos.Palavras-chave: Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca; Bebida Energética; ArritmiasABSTRACTObjective: The objective is to analyze the heart rate variability in college students after energy drink intake. Materials and Methods. Prospective study, uni-blind which included normal individuals. All the students underwent electrocardiographic monitoring for 5 minutes before ingestion of 250 ml of Red Bull® (group A - GA) or placebo (Group B - GB) in a 3: 1 ratio, in a 10-minute period. After 45 minutes, another ECG was performed. Individuals at GA and GB remained at rest, sitting. HRV was obtained before and after administration of the substances in the time domain (TD) and frequency domain (FD). Those students categorized as frequent consumers of energy drinks and those who have been drinking alcohol or caffeine in the 24 hours prior to investigation were excluded from the study.Results: Thirty  subjects were included in group A (16M, 14F, mean age 22 ± 3a, ranging between 17 and 36 a) and 10 in group B (6 H, 4M, mean age 20 ± 5a). There was no change in heart rate before and after ingestions in  GA and GB (70 ± 10 vs 71 ± 8 in GA [p = 0.941] and 69 ± 8 vs. 70 ± 9 in GB [p = 0.881]). There was a significant increase in vagal activity in GA compared to GB, both in TD (SDNN and RMSSD) as well as in the FD (HF). The Red bull® little interfered with the sympathetic system and the LF / HF ratio in GA and GB. Conclusions: The Red Bull increased HRV by increase in parasympathetic tone; caused no change in autonomic balance (LF / HF ratio); these findings confirm the effects of caffeine on HRV shown in other studies.Keywords: Heart Rate Variability; Energy Drinks; Arrhythmias

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability After Coronary Angioplasty

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Wun Tsai ◽  
Wei-Chu Chie ◽  
Terry BJ Kuo ◽  
Ming-Fong Chen ◽  
Jen-Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction

Abstract Background and Purpose. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with risk of restenosis and cardiovascular mortality in patients after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is an important, widely used method for assessing cardiac autonomic regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on HRV in subjects after PTCA. Subjects and Methods. A total of 84 subjects who had undergone PTCA were recruited for this study. The subjects (age [mean±SD]=57.0±9.3 years) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group to undergo an 8-week outpatient exercise program or a control group to undergo usual care. Heart rate variability was measured for 5 minutes in the supine resting position at baseline and at the end of 8 weeks. Results. The parasympathetically modulated HRV of the subjects in the exercise group increased significantly compared with the HRV of subjects in the control group. The effects of training on HRV were independent of angioplasty type (balloon or stent) and were unrelated to whether the subjects had received previous PTCA. Discussion and Conclusion. Exercise training can increase parasympathetic modulation of cardiac function in people after they have undergone successful PTCA. Our results suggest that analysis of HRV can be extended to assess the effect of exercise training on cardiac autonomic dysfunction in people after coronary angioplasty.

scholarly journals The effects of six-week slow, controlled breathing exercises on heart rate variability in physically active, healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Cihan Erdem Sürücü ◽  
Sarp Güner ◽  
Caner Cüce ◽  
Dicle Aras ◽  
Fırat Akça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Controlled Breathing

Background and Study Aim: Heart rate variability (HRV) provides information about sympathetic-parasympathetic balance. The effects of different types of physical exercises on HRV have been investigated so far. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the chronic effects of six-week slow and controlled breathing exercise on HRV in physically active, healthy adults. Material and Methods: A total of 22 individuals (11 female, 11 male) participated in the study voluntarily. The experimental group (EG) attended to the breathing exercises for 15 minutes per day, three days a week for six weeks. Neither the EG nor the control group (CG) did join in any regular physical activity program during the study. Both groups participated in the HRV measurements before and after the six-week of process. Results: Only the EG showed statistically significant changes in some HRV parameters. The alterations observed in LF:HF ratio, HFnu, and LFnu parameters were to reflect the increase in parasympathetic activity. Although the changes in the other parameters of HRV such as SDNN, SDSD, RMSSD, TP, HF, LF, and VLF were also related to increased vagal activity, these alterations were not significant. However, no significant change was found in the CG. Conclusions: These results show that only the slow, controlled breathing exercises for six weeks could be used to improve parasympathetic activity in physically active individuals. A study could be designed where the duration is kept over 8 weeks, and the effects of physical exercises only, breathing exercises only, and physical + breathing exercises together on HRV are examined.

scholarly journals Effects of Posteroanterior Thoracic Mobilization on Heart Rate Variability and Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Silva Reis ◽  
João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan ◽  
Ross Arena ◽  
Bruno Rafael Orsini Rossi ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numeric Pain Scale

Fibromyalgia (FM) has been associated with cardiac autonomic abnormalities and pain. Heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in FM with autonomic tone dominated by sympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of one session of a posteroanterior glide technique on both autonomic modulation and pain in woman with FM. This was a controlled trial with immediate followup; twenty premenopausal women were allocated into 2 groups: (i) women diagnosed with FM(n=10)and (ii) healthy women(n=10). Both groups received one session of Maitland mobilization grade III posteroanterior central pressure glide, at 2 Hz for 60 s at each vertebral segment. Autonomic modulation was assessed by HRV and pain by a numeric pain scale before and after the intervention. For HRV analyses, heart rate and RR intervals were recorded for 10 minutes. FM subjects demonstrated reduced HRV compared to controls. Although the mobilization technique did not significantly reduce pain, it was able to improve HRV quantified by an increase in rMSSD and SD1 indices, reflecting an improved autonomic profile through increased vagal activity. In conclusion, women with FM presented with impaired cardiac autonomic modulation. One session of Maitland spine mobilization was able to acutely improve HRV.

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