Lactoseries carbohydrate antigen, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R, is expressed by a subpopulation of capsaicin-sensitive rat sensory neurons

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 2192-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Del Mar ◽  
R. S. Scroggs
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Current Amplitude ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 3

1. The membrane properties of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells expressing the lactoseries carbohydrate antigen Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R were studied and compared with those of DRG cells lacking this antigen. Acutely dissociated rat DRG cells that expressed Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R on their outer cell membranes were detected with the use of a primary monoclonal mouse IgM antibody (A5), directed against Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R, and a fluorescent secondary antibody (fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM). We found 12.8 micrograms/ml of A5 to be a saturating concentration of primary antibody that labeled approximately 19% of the DRG cells. A battery of membrane properties including action potential (AP) duration; sensitivity to capsaicin; expression of H current (IH), A current (IA), and Ca2+ current subtypes (L, N, and T); and inhibition of high-threshold Ca2+ currents by serotonin (5HT) or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) was measured in DRG cells labeled (A5+) and unlabeled (A5-) by a saturating concentration of A5. 2. There was a significant difference in the number of capsaicin-sensitive DRG cells and a significant difference in the magnitude of the capsaicin-induced inward current in A5+ versus A5- DRG cells. Of 35 A5+ cells tested, 33 were sensitive to 1 microM capsaicin, which produced an inward current averaging 4 +/- 0.46 (SE) nA (n = 33). In contrast, only 12 of 33 A5- cells were sensitive to 1 microM capsaicin, which produced an inward current averaging 1.2 +/- 0.52 nA (n = 12). 3. There were also significant differences between A5+ and A5- cells regarding average AP duration, N- and T-type Ca2+ current amplitude, and number of cells that expressed IH and IA. A5+ cells had significantly larger N-type Ca2+ currents and expressed IA more frequently than A5- cells. Conversely, A5- cells had significantly longer AP duration and larger T-type Ca2+ currents, and expressed IH more frequently compared with A5+ cells. 4. A5+ and A5- cells differed regarding the inhibition of high-threshold Ca2+ currents by maximal concentrations of 5HT1A agonists (10 microM 5HT or 1 microM 8-OH-DPAT). Inhibition of Ca2+ currents in A5+ cells by 1 microM 8-OH-DPAT (n = 15) or 10 microM 5HT (n = 18) averaged 4 +/- 0.9%. In contrast, inhibition of Ca2+ currents in A5- cells by 10 microM 5HT (n = 33) averaged 20 +/- 3.8%. 5. Cells for which sufficient data were collected were categorized as type 1, 2, 3, or 4 on the basis of sensitivity to capsaicin and expression of IH, IA, and T-type Ca2+ current amplitude, and the distribution of A5+ and A5- cells among the various groups was observed. The categories were defined as follows: type 1 (capsaicin sensitive, no IH or IA); type 2 (capsaicin sensitive, significant IA); type 3 (capsaicin insensitive, T-type Ca2+ currents < 1 nA, significant IH but no IA); and type 4 (capsaicin insensitive, T-type Ca2+ currents > 2.4 nA). On the basis of this criteria, 6 of 15 type 1 cells and all type 2 cells (n = 19) were A5+. All type 3 cells (n = 8) and all type 4 cells (n = 11) were A5-. 6. As indicated above, the expression of the Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R antigen differentiated two subgroups of DRG cells in the type 1 category (A5+, n = 6 and A5-, n = 9). These two groups varied regarding the sensitivity of Ca2+ currents to maximally effective concentrations of 5HTIA agonists. In type 1 A5+ DRG cells, high-threshold Ca2+ currents were not significantly inhibited by 1 microM 8-OH-DPAT (average inhibition = 1.2 +/- 0.8%, n = 6). However, in type 1 A5- cells, high-threshold Ca2+ currents were reduced 47 +/- 6.0% (n = 9) by 10 microM 5HT. 7. The several significant differences in membrane properties between A5+ and A5- DRG cells suggest that the Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R antigen is expressed by a distinct subset of DRG cells, consisting predominately of type 1 and type 2 cells. The observation that most A5+ DRG cells were capsaicin sensitive suggests that the Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R antigen is expressed primarily by n

scholarly journals CNNM2-Related Disorders: Phenotype and Its Severity Were Associated With the Mode of Inheritance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Ye Wu ◽  
Yuwu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Domain Variations ◽  
Type 3

CNNM2 (Cystathionine-β-synthase-pair Domain Divalent Metal Cation Transport Mediator 2) pathogenic variants have been reported to cause hypomagnesemia, epilepsy, and intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD). We identified two new cases with CNNM2 novel de novo pathogenic variants, c.814T&gt;C and c.976G&gt;C. They both presented with infantile-onset epilepsy with DD and hypomagnesemia refractory to magnesium supplementation. To date, 21 cases with CNNM2-related disorders have been reported. We combined all 23 cases to analyze the features of CNNM2-related disorders. The phenotypes can be classified into three types: type 1, autosomal dominant (AD) inherited simple hypomagnesemia; type 2, AD inherited hypomagnesemia with epilepsy and ID/DD; and type 3, autosomal recessive (AR) inherited hypomagnesemia with epilepsy and ID/DD. All five type 1 cases had no epilepsy or ID/DD; they all had hypomagnesemia, and three of them presented with symptoms secondary to hypomagnesemia. Fifteen type 2 patients could have ID/DD and seizures, which can be controlled with antiseizure medications (ASMs); their variations clustered in the DUF21 domain of CNNM2. All three type 3 patients had seizures from 1 to 6 days after birth; the seizures were refractory, and 1/3 had status epilepticus; ID/DD in these AR-inherited cases was more severe than that of AD-inherited cases; they all had abnormalities of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Except for one patient whose serum magnesium was the lower limit of normal, others had definite hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia could be improved after magnesium supplement but could not return to the normal level. Variations in the CBS2 domain may be related to lower serum magnesium. However, there was no significant difference in the level of serum magnesium among the patients with three different types of CNNM2-related disorders. The severity of different phenotypes was therefore not explained by decreased serum magnesium. We expanded the spectrum of CNNM2 variants and classified the phenotypes of CNNM2-related disorders into three types. We found that DUF21 domain variations were most associated with CNNM2-related central nervous system phenotypes, whereas hypomagnesemia was more pronounced in patients with CBS2 domain variations, and AR-inherited CNNM2-related disorders had the most severe phenotype. These results provide important clues for further functional studies of CNNM2 and provide basic foundations for more accurate genetic counseling.

scholarly journals Global sagittal spinal alignment in patients with degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901988519
Author(s):  
Hiroto Kobayashi ◽  
Kenji Endo ◽  
Yasunobu Sawaji ◽  
Yuji Matsuoka ◽  
Hirosuke Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Sagittal Spinal Alignment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Type 3

Purpose: Global sagittal spinal alignment undergoes changes on the basis of sagittal malalignment (trunk inclined forward) in natural degenerative progression. We hypothesized that this change would associate with the disease state of the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DS). This study aimed to evaluate the global sagittal spinal alignment of low-grade DS by classifying in accordance with sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Methods: The DS group was classified into three types according to the adult spinal deformity classification: type 1, SVA < 40 mm; type 2, 40 mm ≤ SVA < 95 mm; and type 3, 95 mm ≤ SVA. Age and sagittal spinal parameters (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence (PI)) were compared among three types. Results: There were statistically significant differences in age, LL, PI, and PT among the three types. In comparison between two types, there was a statistically significant difference between type 1 and type 2 and between type 1 and type 3, but not between type 2 and type 3 in these parameters. PI tended to increase as the type increases. Furthermore, there was significant difference between types 1 and 3. Conclusion: We evaluated the features of the DS types classified by sagittal alignment. Large PI is one of the risk factors for SVA deterioration of DS. PI may be involved in the onset and progression of DS.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Characteristics and Number of Bicycle–Passenger Conflicts at Bus Stops for Improving Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchen Yan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conflict Duration ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Type 3

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of bicycle–passenger conflicts at bus stops and develop a model to predict the number of conflicts accurately. This paper investigated the traffic flow operation at bus stops by video recording. Duration and distribution characteristics of bicycle–passenger conflicts were statistically analyzed. Then four types of conflicts defined based on evasive behavior (cyclist yielding as Type 1, cyclist bypassing as Type 2, passenger yielding as Type 3, and passenger bypassing as Type 4) were compared. A generalized event count (GEC) model was established for bicycle–passenger conflict estimation and analysis. The main results indicated that: (1) The average conflict duration was 1.716 s, whilst 60.9% of conflicts existed near the accesses of bus stops in longitudinal direction; (2) Type 1 conflict was significantly different from Type 2, 3, and 4 conflicts in duration, whilst the three had no significant difference; (3) the proposed GEC model showed good performance in predicting bicycle–passenger conflicts, with 15.71% of mean-absolute-percentage-error and 0.8772 of R2; and (4) bicycle volume, bus passenger volume, and passenger crossing time were critical factors impacting the number of bicycle–passenger conflicts. Finally, transport agencies may consider installing separations and crosswalks to improve the safety of the stop area.

scholarly journals Failed Dermal Allograft Procedures in Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Can Still Improve Pain and Function. The “Biologic Tuberoplasty Effect”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0009
Author(s):  
Raffy Mirzayan ◽  
Michael Allan Stone ◽  
Michael Batech ◽  
Daniel Acevedo ◽  
Anshu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Goutallier Classification ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type 3

Objectives: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) are a challenging problem. Dermal allografts have been used in “bridging” procedures and superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). Both have led to clinical improvement, but without correlation with post-operative imaging. The purpose of this study is to examine graft integrity on MRI in patients who underwent an SCR or bridging procedure to determine if graft integrity correlates with functional outcome. We also propose a new classification of dermal allograft re-tear on MRI. Methods: This study was approved by our IRB. Between 2006 and 2016, 11 patients (12 shoulders) underwent a bridging procedure and 10 patients underwent an SCR for MRCT with a dermal allograft by a single surgeon. The grafts were secured to the tuberosity in a double-row, trans-osseous equivalent (DR-TOE) fashion. Pre- and post-operative VAS, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and ASES scores, and pre-operative Hamada grade and Goutallier classification were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. An MRI was obtained on all patients post-operatively to assess graft integrity. The status of the graft was divided into three types based on MRI findings: Type 1- Graft intact medially (rim of cuff or glenoid) AND laterally (greater tuberosity); Type 2- Graft intact laterally but torn medially; Type 3- Graft torn laterally. The shoulders were then grouped based on these types for further analysis. Results: The average age was 61 (range: 49-73). Average follow-up was 21.6 months (range: 8-80). Average length from surgery to MRI was 13.9 months (range: 6-80). There was a significant improvement in VAS (pre-8.1 to post-1.3) and ASES (pre-26.3 to post-84.6) in Type 1 (P<0.01) and in VAS (pre-7.0 to post-0.7) and ASES (pre-32.6 to post-91.2) in Type 2 (P<0.01). There was no difference in post-operative VAS (1.3 vs 0.7) and ASES (84.6 vs 91.2) between Type 1 and Type 2 (P=0.8). There was no improvement in VAS (pre-7.3 vs post-5.7) and ASES (pre-30.6 vs post-37.2) in Type 3. There was a significant difference in post-operative VAS (5.7 vs 1) and ASES (37.2 vs 88.1) between Type 3 versus Types 1+2, respectively (P<0.01). The AHD decreased in type 3 (pre-7.8 mm to post-3.2 mm, P=0.02) but did not change in Types 1+2 (pre-7.8 mm to post-8.0 mm, P=0.7). Conclusion: In patients who have SCR or “bridging” procedures for MRCT with a dermal allograft, there is significant improvement in VAS and ASES scores if the graft heals to the tuberosity, regardless if it is still intact to the glenoid (in SCR) or the rim of rotator cuff tendon (“bridging”). Individuals whose graft is torn from the tuberosity did not have improvement in VAS or ASES scores versus baseline. There was no significant difference in AHD in all groups. We believe that the dermal graft acts as a “biologic (interpositional) tuberoplasty,” preventing bone-to-bone contact between the tuberosity and the acromion, thus eliminating pain and improving function. We still recommend performing an SCR when indicated because it has been shown to restore the normal kinematics of the shoulder in a laboratory setting. However, careful attention should be paid to the repair of the graft to the tuberosity, so that in case the primary procedure fails medially, the graft can still improve pain and function.

scholarly journals Finger Length Ratio (2D:4D) and Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Leonid Kalichman ◽  
Valery Batsevich ◽  
Eugene Kobiliansky
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Finger Length Ratio

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the index to ring (2D:4D) finger length ratio and aging-related traits (hand osteoarthritis (OA), the osseographic score (OSS), and reproductive period), as well as to assess the heritability of finger length. A Chuvashian population-based sample included 802 males (mean age 46.98±17.10 years) and 738 females (mean age 48.65±16.62 years). Age, sex, basic demographics, anthropometric data, reproductive indices (age at menarche, menopausal age, and length of the reproductive period), and x-rays of both hands were collected. Finger length ratio was measured on x-ray and each hand was visually classified as either type 1 – 2D&gt;4D; type 2 ― 2D=4D; or type 3 ― 2D&lt;4D. Hand OA was defined by the number of affected joints (Kellgren-Lawrence score ≥2) and the total of Kellgren-Lawrence scores (total OA score). OSS is a skeletal biomarker that comprises osteoporotic and OA changes observable on a hands x-ray. We calculated the familial correlations and performed a heritability analysis of 2D:4D ratio traits in a studied sample. After comparing the OA variables of individuals with different finger length ratio types (after adjustment for age and BMI) significant differences were found only in females between finger ratio types of the right hand in a number of affected joints (F=3.153, p=0. 043) and finger ratio types of the left (F=3.330, p=0. 036) and right (F=2.397, p=0. 047) hands of the total OA score. Females with type 3 ratio had the highest adjusted values of hand OA parameters. Results of one-way ANCOVA for finger length ratio types of the right hand showed a significant difference in OSS (df =2, F=7.569, P=0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. The posthoc comparison showed that individuals with type 3 (2D&lt;4D) ratio showed significantly higher OSS scores than ones with type 1 (p=0.012) and type 2 (p=0.003). In an analysis of finger length ratio types of left hand also a significant difference in OSS was found (df=2, F=3.290, P=0.038). The posthoc comparison showed that individuals with type 3 ratio showed significantly higher OSS scores than ones with type 2 (p=0.33) ratio. We found that a low finger length ratio, a masculine visually evaluated finger length ratio type, was associated with later menarche and a shorter reproductive period. No association was found with menopausal age. Familial correlations of finger length ratio traits showed no significant correlation for spouses, however, parent-offspring (0.15―0.28, p&lt;0.001) and sibling correlations (0.13―0.38, p&lt;0.009) were found significant. Heritability (H2) of visual classification of finger length ratio was 0.36 for the left and 0.28 for the right hand; finger ratio was 0.55 and 0.66, respectively; the ray ratio was 0.49 and 0.59, respectively, thus indicating the existence of a clear familial aggregation of finger length ratio variation in the Chuvashian pedigrees, which cannot be explained by pure common environmental effects.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Pra Urusopone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found. Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.

scholarly journals The Influence of Viewing Photos of Different Types of Rural Landscapes on Stress in Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Hanlun Zhu ◽  
Zhendong Shang ◽  
Yencheng Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3

The environment can affect people’s health by relieving stress, and rural landscape as a special environment might influence human’s stress relief. This study takes different types of rural landscapes as the research object to explore their impact on stress levels, which are shown by photos. As an independent variable, the rural landscape is divided into three levels: Type 1 (natural landscape), type 2 (productive landscape), and type 3 (artificial landscape). Seventy-three subjects were randomly assigned to each type of rural landscape. Salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and a subjective rating state scale (brief profile of mood states, BPOMS) were used as indicators of stress. At the same time, the influence of preference and familiarity on the stress relieving effect was also discussed. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used as the main statistical methods. In the results of t-test for pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in high blood pressure, heart rate, and total mood disturbance (TMD) of type 1 and type 2, and the high and low blood pressure of type 3; ANOVA analysis revealed that for the difference of pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in the TMD value among the three types; except for type 3, blood pressure, heart rate, and BPOMS values were significantly affected by preference and familiarity. The conclusions include the following: The three types of rural landscapes have a positive effect on relieving stress; the productive landscape has the best effect on relieving stress; and users’ landscape preferences and familiarity with the environment can affect the effect of stress relief in rural landscapes.

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION DURING TUITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

Toward Personalized Treatment for Patients with Low von Willebrand Factor and Quantitative von Willebrand Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
James S. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Personalized Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

AbstractThe biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 and type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been studied extensively. In contrast, although accounting for the majority of VWD cases, the pathobiology underlying partial quantitative VWD has remained somewhat elusive. However, important insights have been attained following several recent cohort studies that have investigated mechanisms in patients with type 1 VWD and low von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively. These studies have demonstrated that reduced plasma VWF levels may result from either (1) decreased VWF biosynthesis and/or secretion in endothelial cells and (2) pathological increased VWF clearance. In addition, it has become clear that some patients with only mild to moderate reductions in plasma VWF levels in the 30 to 50 IU/dL range may have significant bleeding phenotypes. Importantly in these low VWF patients, bleeding risk fails to correlate with plasma VWF levels and inheritance is typically independent of the VWF gene. Although plasma VWF levels may increase to > 50 IU/dL with progressive aging or pregnancy in these subjects, emerging data suggest that this apparent normalization in VWF levels does not necessarily equate to a complete correction in bleeding phenotype in patients with partial quantitative VWD. In this review, these recent advances in our understanding of quantitative VWD pathogenesis are discussed. Furthermore, the translational implications of these emerging findings are considered, particularly with respect to designing personalized treatment plans for VWD patients undergoing elective procedures.

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