scholarly journals Reprogramming Interferon Regulatory Factor Signaling in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Physiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxing Zhang ◽  
Hongliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins expressed not only in immune cells but also in other tissues and organs outside the immune system. In this review, we discuss mechanisms responsible for IRF-mediated innate immune responses and the function and mechanism of IRFs in cardiometabolic diseases. We focus on the role of IRFs in innate immunity and cardiometabolic homeostasis, and highlight reprogrammed IRF signaling.

scholarly journals Flagellin from Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals a Fundamental Role in Chicken Innate Immunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Pan ◽  
Qiuxia Cong ◽  
Shizhong Geng ◽  
Qiang Fang ◽  
Xilong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTRecombinant attenuatedSalmonellavaccines have been extensively studied, with a focus on eliciting specific immune responses against foreign antigens. However, very little is known about the innate immune responses, particularly the role of flagellin, in the induction of innate immunity triggered by recombinant attenuatedSalmonellain chickens. In the present report, we describe twoSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium vaccine strains, wild-type (WT) or flagellin-deficient (flhD)Salmonella, both expressing the fusion protein (F) gene of Newcastle disease virus. We examined the bacterial load and spatiotemporal kinetics of expression of inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) genes in the cecum, spleen, liver, and heterophils following oral immunization of chickens with the twoSalmonellastrains. TheflhDmutant exhibited an enhanced ability to establish systemic infection compared to the WT. In contrast, the WT strain induced higher levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), CXCLi2, and TLR5 mRNAs in cecum, the spleen, and the heterophils than theflhDmutant at different times postinfection. Collectively, the present data reveal a fundamental role of flagellin in the innate immune responses induced by recombinant attenuatedSalmonellavaccines in chickens that should be considered for the rational design of novel vaccines for poultry.

scholarly journals Integrated role of microRNA-30e-5p through targeting negative regulators of innate immune pathways during HBV infection and SLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Mishra ◽  
Sanjana Bhattacharya ◽  
Bhupendra S Rawat ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Negative Regulators

AbstractPrecise regulation of innate immunity is crucial for the development of appropriate host immunity against microbial infections and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The microRNAs are small non-coding RNA, post-transcriptional regulator of multiple genes and act as a rheostat for protein expression. Here, we identified microRNA(miR)-30e-5p (miR-30e) induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other viruses that act as a master regulator for innate immune responses. Moreover, pegylated type I interferons treatment to HBV patients for viral reduction also reduces the miRNA. Additionally, we have also shown the immuno-pathological effects of miR-30e in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients and SLE mouse model. Mechanistically, the miR-30e targets multiple negative regulators namely TRIM38, TANK, ATG5, ATG12, BECN1, SOCS1, SOCS3 of innate immune signaling pathways and enhances innate immune responses. Furthermore, sequestering of endogenous miR-30e in PBMCs of SLE patients and SLE mouse model respectively by the introduction of antagomir and locked nucleic acid based inhibitor significantly reduces type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our study demonstrates the novel role of miR-30e in innate immunity and its prognostic and therapeutic potential in infectious and autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Synoviocyte Innate Immune Responses: II. Pivotal Role of IFN Regulatory Factor 3

2010 ◽  
Vol 184 (12) ◽  
pp. 7162-7168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Sweeney ◽  
Trevor B. Kimbler ◽  
Gary S. Firestein
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Regulatory Factor

Plant homologue constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome subunit CSN5 regulates innate immune responses in macrophages

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 4796-4804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongbin Deng ◽  
Ruggero Pardi ◽  
William Cheadle ◽  
Xiaoyu Xiang ◽  
Shuangyin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cop9 Signalosome ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Homologue

Abstract COP9 plays a role in plant innate immunity. The role of COP9 in mammalian innate immune responses is unknown. Here, we show that the COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) is required for activation of proinflammatory kinases p38 and Erk and for down-regulation of the expression of genes regulated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Mice with myeloid-specific CSN5 deficiency have lower mortality in polymicrobial sepsis. CSN5 is required for both Toll-like receptor (TLR) and reactive oxygen species–mediated deneddylation of Cul3, which is essential for Cul3/Keap1-mediated degradation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. On the basis of our results COP9 subunit CSN5 is considered to be an essential component of mammalian innate immunity.

scholarly journals Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Cognasse ◽  
Kathryn Hally ◽  
Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Marie-Ange Eyraud ◽  
Charles-Antoine Arthaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractAside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.

scholarly journals Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Xia ◽  
Yikun Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Qingzhuo Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, iron modulates the development and progression of multiple macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and liver diseases. Collectively, this review highlights the crucial role of iron for macrophage polarization, and indicates the potential application of iron supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in different inflammatory disorders relative to the balance of macrophage polarization.

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