Liver transcriptome response to periparturient hormonal and metabolic changes depends on the postpartum occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya ◽  
Ena Chiba ◽  
Toshihisa Sugino ◽  
Kenji Kawashima ◽  
Shiro Kushibiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Liver Transcriptome ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Significant Expression

We investigated changes in rumen fermentation, peripheral blood metabolites and hormones, and hepatic transcriptomic dynamics in Holstein cows with and those without subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during the periparturient period. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows were categorized in the SARA (n-=-8) or non-SARA (n-=-8) groups depending on whether they developed SARA during the 2 weeks after parturition. Reticulo-ruminal pH was measured continuously throughout the study. Rumen fluid, blood, and liver tissue samples were collected at 3 weeks prepartum and 2 and 6 weeks postpartum, with an additional blood sample collected at 0 and 4 weeks postpartum. The 1-h mean pH was depressed postpartum in both groups, whereas depression was more severe in the SARA group simultaneously with significantly longer duration of time (for pH <5.6 and 5.8). Significant expression of differentially expressed genes in liver tissue (DEGs; false discovery rate corrected P-<-0.1) were identified only in the non-SARA group, and were further analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Among the top expressed DEGs, the hepatic genes encoding lipid and cholesterol secretion (APOA1, APOA4, and G0S2) and gluconeogenesis (PC, G6PC, and PCK1) were upregulated postpartum. In silico analysis revealed the significant postpartum activation of upstream regulators, such as INSR, PPARG, and PPARGC1A. These results suggested that hepatic transcriptomic responsiveness to postpartum metabolic load and hormones were likely discouraged in cows with SARA when compared to the significant activation of genes and signaling pathways for adequate metabolic adaption to postpartum high-grain diet feeding in Holstein cows without SARA.

scholarly journals Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis in Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun Ogunade ◽  
Andres Pech-Cervantes ◽  
Hank Schweickart
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Illumina Hiseq4000

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disease of ruminants characterized by low pH, with significant impacts on rumen microbial activity, and animal productivity and health. Microbial changes during subacute ruminal acidosis have previously been analyzed using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, which do not reveal the actual activity of the rumen microbial population. Here, we report the functional activity of the rumen microbiota during subacute ruminal acidosis. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned randomly to acidosis-inducing or control diet. Rumen fluid samples were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h relative to feeding from both treatments on the challenge day. A metatranscriptome library was prepared from RNA extracted from the samples and the sequencing of the metatranscriptome library was performed on Illumina HiSeq4000 following a 2 × 150 bp index run. Cellulolytic ruminal bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and R. bicirculans were reduced by an induced acidotic challenge. Up to 68 functional genes were differentially expressed between the two treatments. Genes mapped to carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, vitamin and co-factor metabolism pathways, and bacterial biofilm formation pathways were enriched in beef cattle challenged with sub-acute acidosis. This study reveals transcriptionally active taxa and metabolic pathways of rumen microbiota during induced acidotic challenge.

scholarly journals Indicators of induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Danish Holstein cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette Danscher ◽  
Shucong Li ◽  
Pia H Andersen ◽  
Ehsan Khafipour ◽  
Niels B Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis

scholarly journals Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
G. N. Gozho ◽  
N. Gakhar ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
D. O. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

Why are dairy cows not able to cope with the subacute ruminal acidosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-821
Author(s):  
A.M. Brzozowska ◽  
K. Słoniewski ◽  
J. Oprządek ◽  
P. Sobiech ◽  
Z.M. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Abstract One of the largest challenges for the dairy industry is to provide cows with a diet which is highly energetic but does not negatively affect their rumens’ functions. In highly productive dairy cows, feeding diets rich in readily fermentable carbohydrates provides energy precursors needed for maximum milk production, but simultaneously decreases ruminal pH, leading to a widespread prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis. Maximizing milk production without triggering rumen acidosis still challenges dairy farmers, who try to prevent prolonged bouts of low ruminal pH mainly by proper nutrition and management practices. The animals try to avoid overeating fermentable feeds, as it causes negative consequences by disturbing digestive processes. The results of several experiments show that ruminants, including sheep and beef cattle, are able to modify some aspects of feeding behaviour in order to adjust nutrient intake to their needs and simultaneously prevent physiological disturbances. Particularly, such changes (e.g., increased preference for fibrous feeds, reduced intake of concentrates) were observed in animals, which were trying to prevent the excessive drop of rumen fluid pH. Thanks to a specific mechanism called “the postingestive feedback”, animals should be able to work out such a balance in intake, so they do not suffer either from hunger or from negative effects of over-ingesting the fermentable carbohydrates. This way, an acidosis should not be a frequent problem in ruminants. However, prolonged periods of excessively decreased rumen pH are still a concern in dairy cows. It raises a question, why the regulation of feed intake by postingestive feedback does not help to maintain stable rumen environment in dairy cows?

scholarly journals Rumen CO2 species equilibrium might influence performance and be a factor in the pathogenesis of subacute ruminal acidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1098
Author(s):  
José A Laporte-Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This experiment was conducted to explore rumen carbon dioxide (CO2) species equilibrium. Three lactating, fistulated cattle were consecutively exposed to three dietary treatments tailored to produce low rumen pH and increase the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by reducing physically effective neutral detergent fiber (Low peNDF), increasing rumen degradable starch (High RDS) or both (Combined). Under these conditions, high and varied rumen concentrations of the CO2 associated to water or dissolved CO2 (dCO2) were found. The results suggest that the activity of dCO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3−) represents an important component of the rumen environment. Rumen CO2 holdup was associated with high dCO2 and HCO3− activity as well as changes in the viscosity and surface tension of the rumen fluid. All dietary treatments produced low rumen pH, &lt;5.5 for &gt;3 h/d, a condition associated with SARA, but clinical SARA was observed only during CO2 holdup. This pilot study highlights the possible role of CO2 holdup and rumen CO2 species in cattle performance and nutritional diseases. In the future, better estimations of CO2 species might help clarify these findings.

scholarly journals Effects of ruminal pH and subacute ruminal acidosis on milk yield and composition of Holstein cows in different stages of lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
G. C. KITKAS ◽  
G. E. VALERGAKIS ◽  
M. KRITSEPI-KONSTANTINOU ◽  
A. I. GELASAKIS ◽  
G. ARSENOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Solids Content

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA; implying a rumen fluid pH between 5.5 and 5.0), is one of the most important metabolic diseases of dairy cows. In this study, the effect of SARA and rumen fluid pH on milk yield and composition was assessed in dairy cows under field conditions, with repeated measurements in the same cows, at different stages of lactation. Rumenocentesis was performed in 83 Holstein cows of a commercial herd at 30, 90, and 150 days in milk (DIM). Rumen fluid pH was measured on-site using a portable pH-meter. Milk yield was also recorded at the same days. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose and total solids content. For the statistical analysis, mixed linear regression models were used. Prevalence of SARA was 48.2%, 53.8% and 65.3% at 30, 90 and 150 DIM, respectively. There was a significant negative effect of SARA and decreased rumen fluid pH on milk fat content; SARA was associated with a decrease of milk fat content by 0.22%, while a one-unit increase of rumen fluid pH, even within the normal range, was associated with a 0.28% increase of milk fat content and 0.44% increase of milk total solids content. There was no effect of SARA on milk yield or protein, lactose and total solids content. In conclusion, under field conditions, SARA and decreased rumen fluid pH reduce milk fat content.

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