Microdiffraction using two-dimensional detectors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Baoping He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Inhomogeneous Phase

X-ray diffraction analysis on small samples or micro-area of large samples is always a challenge due to weak diffraction and poor statistics, especially when dealing with samples containing large grain size, inhomogeneous phase distribution, and preferred orientation. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction has many advantages in microdiffraction analysis. A two-dimensional detector can collect a large amount of data both in terms of speed and angular coverage. This paper covers some aspects about instrumentation of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction and its applications in phase identification and stress analysis on small samples and micro-area of large samples.

A New Approach in Performing Microdiffraction Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
D. J. Winter ◽  
B. A. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Relative Term ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Conventional Instrumentation

Microdiffraction is defined as the x-ray diffraction analysis performed on small samples or small areas of large samples. Since smallness is a relative term, micro diffraction is considered the technique of choice when samples are too small for the optics and precision of conventional instrumentation.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence of Cadmium(II) and Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Based on 1,3-Bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)adamantane

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5400
Author(s):  
Roman D. Marchenko ◽  
Taisiya S. Sukhikh ◽  
Alexey A. Ryadun ◽  
Andrei S. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray

Coordination polymers with a new rigid ligand 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)adamantane (L) were prepared by its reaction with cadmium(II) or silver(I) nitrates. Crystal structure of the coordination polymers was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Silver formed two-dimensional coordination polymer [Ag(L)NO3]n, in which metal ions are linked by 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)adamantane ligands, coordinated by nitrogen atoms at positions 2 and 4 of 1,2,4-triazole rings. Layers of the coordination polymer consist of rare 18- and 30-membered {Ag2L2} and {Ag4L4} metallocycles. Cadmium(II) nitrate formed two kinds of one-dimensional coordination polymers depending on the metal-to-ligand ratio used in the synthesis. Coordination polymer [Cd(L)2(NO3)2]n was obtained in case of a 1:2 M:L ratio, while for M:L = 2:1 product {[Cd(L)(NO3)2(CH3OH)]·0.5CH3OH}n was isolated. All coordination polymers demonstrated ligand-centered emission near 450 nm upon excitation at 370 nm.

Algorithms of Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (26) ◽  
pp. 1921-1927
Author(s):  
Bob B. He
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTX-ray diffraction pattern collected with two-dimensional detector contains the scattering intensity distribution as a function of two orthogonal angles. One is the Bragg angle 2θ and the other is the azimuthal angle about the incident x-ray beam, denoted by γ. A 2D diffraction pattern can be integrated to a conventional diffraction pattern and evaluated by most exiting software and algorithms for conventional applications, such as, phase identification, structure refinement and 2θ-profile analysis. However, the materials structure information associated to the intensity distribution along γ direction is lost through the integration. The diffraction vector approach has been approved to be the genuine theory in 2D data analysis. The unit diffraction vector used for 2D analysis is a function of both 2θ and γ. The unit diffraction vector for all the pixels in the 2D pattern can be expressed either in the laboratory coordinates or in the sample coordinates. The vector components can then be used to derive fundamental equations for many applications, including stress, texture, crystal orientation and crystal size evaluation.

Grain size measurement from two-dimensional micro-X-ray diffraction: Laboratory application of a radial integration technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1899-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bramble ◽  
Roberta L. Flemming ◽  
Phil J.A. McCausland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Sol-Gel Deposition and Luminescence Properties of Spherical Phosphors Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Eu3+

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Author(s):  
Xiu Mei Han ◽  
J. Lin ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
C.K. Lin ◽  
Xi Wei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Charge Transfer Band ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Spherical SiO2 particles were coated with Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Eu3+ phosphor layers through a sol-gel process. The results of XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis indicated that the phosphors crystallized completely at 1000oC. AFM study revealed that the average grain size is 500 nm. In Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Eu3+ spherical phosphors , the Eu3+ showed its characteristic red emission at 612 nm(5D0-7F2) upon excitation into its charge transfer band of Eu3+-O2- at 242nm.

Heat Treatment of Nanocrystalline Al2O3-Zr02

1996 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget M. Smyser ◽  
Jane F. Connelly ◽  
Richard D. Sisson ◽  
Virgil Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated

ABSTRACTThe effects of grain size on the phase transformations in nanocrystalline ZrO2-Al2O3 have been experimentally investigated. Compositions from 10 to 50 vol% Al2O3 in ZrO2 were obtained as a hydroxide gel. The powders were then calcined at 600 °C for 17 hours and heat treated at 1100 °C for 24 and 120 hours and at 1200 °C for 2 hours. The phase distribution and grain size were determined using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The initial grain size after calcining was 8–17 nm. It was determined that the critical ZrO2 grain size to avoid the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation on cooling from 1100 °C was between 17 and 25 nm. Samples containing 50% Al2O3 maintained a grain size below the critical size for all times and temperatures. The 30% Al2O3 samples showed the same behavior in all but one heat treatment. The remainder of the samples showed significant grain growth and at least partial transformation to the monoclinic phase.

The software packageANAELUfor X-ray diffraction analysis using two-dimensional patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fuentes-Montero ◽  
Maria Elena Montero-Cabrera ◽  
Luis Fuentes-Cobas
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Inverse Pole Figure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A new software package for interpreting two-dimensional diffraction diagrams is presented. The application capabilities include representation of single- and polycrystal structures with an inverse pole figure treatment of texture phenomena, measurement and analysis of diffraction signals, and different approaches to the modelling of two-dimensional diffraction patterns obtained from both single-crystal and polycrystalline samples. Particular consideration is given to the effect of axially symmetric textures on two-dimensional diffraction patterns. An example showing the capabilities of the software is presented.

scholarly journals Use of Impedance Spectroscopy in the Study of the Effect of Cr Concentration on the Electrical Properties of SnO2-Based Ceramics

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Russo Leite ◽  
W.C. Las ◽  
G. Brankovic ◽  
M.A. Zaghete ◽  
M. Cilense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cr Concentration

This paper reports a study of influence of Cr concentration on the electrical properties and microstructure of SnO2-based powders doped with Mn and Nb, prepared by an organic route (Pechini method). All the samples were compacted into discs and sintered at 1300°C for 3h, resulting in ceramics with relative density varying between 78% and 98%. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Impedance spectroscopy characterization indicated that the conductivity decreases as Cr concentration increases, probably due to Cr segregation at grain boundaries, which reduces grain size, increasing the number of resistive boundaries.

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