A High-Speed Signal Processor Using a Digital Divider for Position Sensitive Proportional Counters

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
S. Kobashi ◽  
K. Mochiki ◽  
K. Hasegawa ◽  
A. Sekiguchi ◽  
H. Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Present System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
X Ray ◽  
System A ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
A Charge

Most position sensitive proportional counters (PSPCs) currently used in X-ray diffraction experiments have a dead time longer than 5 μs. Though such PSPCs are useful in measuring weak diffraction diagrams, a faster counter is needed to detect strong X-ray diagrams produced with synchrotron radiation sources. The long dead time of PSPCs using a charge division position read-out is due to the slow analog division circuit plus analog-to-digital converter employed in the present system. A fast processor can be built utilising two high-speed ADCs to digitize voltage signals from the detector, followed by a digital divider to compute position of detected photons. The present paper describes the design of such a processor and some preliminary testings of its performances.

Evaluation of Straight and Curved Braun Position-Sensitive Proportional Counters on a Huber-Guinier X-Ray Diffraction System

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Newman ◽  
P. Moore Kirchhoff ◽  
T.G. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Camera System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
On Line ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Gas Chamber

AbstractThe interfacing of both straight and curved Braun Position- Sensitive Proportional Counters (PSPC's) to a high resolution Huber-Guinier camera system has been accomplished, resulting in a 10 to 100-fold decrease in data collection times when compared to conventional Guinier (film or scintillation counter) detector techniques.Various factors causing line broadening were evaluated for both PSPC Guinier systems. The depth of the PSPC gas chamber was found to Have the greatest influence on line profiles. An R0% increase in peak half-widths was observed for PSPC-Guinier data compared to our highest resolution Guinier film data, but still yielded significantly better resolution than conventional powder diffractometer data obtained in our laboratory.

A new position sensitive area detector for high-speed and high-sensitivity X-ray diffraction analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeyoshi Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dislocation Network ◽  
Sensitive Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive

A state-of-art semiconductor technology-based position sensitive area detector, namely D/teX-25, has recently been developed for high-speed and high-sensitivity X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of materials. X-ray powder diffraction intensities obtained by a D/teX-25 detector were found to over 50 times higher than those by a conventional scintillation counter. A D/teX-25 detector mounted on a conventional 2 kW XRD system has been used to collect ultrafast XRD data with scanning speeds up to 160°2θ per minute. Ultrahigh-speed XRD is particularly useful for time-resolved dynamical and in-situ studies. A D/teX-25 detector was successfully used on a Rigaku XRD differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) system for simultaneous measurements of XRD and DSC data under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. This has made possible the study of complex and rapid phase transformations of pharmaceutical terfenadine. The D/teX-25 area detector has also been used for recording two-dimensional XRD patterns showing the particle-size effects on α-quartz powder intensities and to obtain digital X-ray topographic images of a complex dislocation network in a Si wafer.

In-Situ Strain Measurement Via X-Ray Diffraction

1990 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Thompson ◽  
J. Angilello.
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
In Situ Strain Measurement ◽  
Expansion Coefficients

ABSTRACTA high speed x-ray diffraction system has been built around a Curved Position Sensitive Detector. This system has a hot/cold stage in a modified vacuum chamber to allow for control of the ambient gas mix while in-situ x-ray diffraction spectra are acquired. We have used this system to measure the strain in Al/Cr/SiO2 structures after abrupt changes in temperature. The good adhesion afforded by the Cr layer combined with the large difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the Al (≃25×10−6/°K) and the quartz (≃0.5×10−6/°K) components make this an ideal sample for demonstrating the capabilities of this system. In-situ resistivity measurement provides an independent indication of the changes in the sample.

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

scholarly journals Fingerprinting shock-induced deformations via diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish Mishra ◽  
Cody Kunka ◽  
Marco J. Echeverria ◽  
Rémi Dingreville ◽  
Avinash M. Dongare
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Final State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shock Testing ◽  
Local Pressures ◽  
Deformation Modes

AbstractDuring the various stages of shock loading, many transient modes of deformation can activate and deactivate to affect the final state of a material. In order to fundamentally understand and optimize a shock response, researchers seek the ability to probe these modes in real-time and measure the microstructural evolutions with nanoscale resolution. Neither post-mortem analysis on recovered samples nor continuum-based methods during shock testing meet both requirements. High-speed diffraction offers a solution, but the interpretation of diffractograms suffers numerous debates and uncertainties. By atomistically simulating the shock, X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction of three representative BCC and FCC metallic systems, we systematically isolated the characteristic fingerprints of salient deformation modes, such as dislocation slip (stacking faults), deformation twinning, and phase transformation as observed in experimental diffractograms. This study demonstrates how to use simulated diffractograms to connect the contributions from concurrent deformation modes to the evolutions of both 1D line profiles and 2D patterns for diffractograms from single crystals. Harnessing these fingerprints alongside information on local pressures and plasticity contributions facilitate the interpretation of shock experiments with cutting-edge resolution in both space and time.

Simulation and Experiment on the Residual Stress in Super-High Speed Grinding

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Yue Ming Liu ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Ting Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Grinding ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece

In this paper, effective finite element model have been developed to simulation the plastic deformation cutting in the process for a single particle via the software of ABAQUS, observing the residual stress distribution in the machined surface, the experiment of grinding cylindrical workpiece has been brought in the test of super-high speed grinding, researching the residual stress under the machined surface by the method of X-ray diffraction, which can explore the different stresses from different super-high speed in actual, and help to analyze the means of reducing the residual stresses in theory.

scholarly journals A Highly Selective Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Zinc

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Ling-Yi Shen ◽  
Xiao-Li Chen ◽  
Xian-Jiong Yang ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Ya-Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Imine Nitrogen ◽  
System A ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
L System

A novel turn-on fluorescence probe L has been designed that exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity with a detection limit of 9.53 × 10−8 mol/L for the quantification of Zn2+. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the unsymmetrical nature of the structure of the Schiff base probe L. An emission titration experiment in the presence of different molar fractions of Zn2+ was used to perform a Job’s plot analysis. The results showed that the stoichiometric ratio of the complex formed by L and Zn2+ was 1:1. Moreover, the molecular structure of the mononuclear Cu complex reveals one ligand L coordinates with one Cu atom in the asymmetric unit. On adding CuCl2 to the ZnCl2/L system, a Cu-Zn complex was formed and a strong quenching behavior was observed, which inferred that the Cu2+ displaced Zn2+ to coordinate with the imine nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl oxygen atoms of probe L.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

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