The Stromelysin-1 5A/6A Promoter Polymorphism Is a Disease Marker for the Extent of Coronary Heart Disease

Background.Matrix metalloproteinases, such as stromelysin-1, are implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). A 5A/6A promoter polymorphism can regulate the transcription of the stromelysin-1 gene in an allele-specific manner. Evidence has been presented that the 6A allele is associated with the progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, the 5A allele may be linked to the risk of MI.Results.To analyse the relation of the 5A/6A polymorphism with the risk and severity of CHD and the risk of MI, a case-control study of 515 healthy controls and 1848 participants who underwent coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes was conducted. In the total sample, the mean CHD scores—according to Gensini—were different between 5A/6A genotypes: 5A5A homozygotes had the lowest, 6A6A genotypes the highest and 5A6A heterozygotes intermediate scores. These differences were even more pronounced when the participants were restricted to individuals with a high coronary risk profile (high apoB levels, high Lp(a) levels, high glucose levels, combinations of either high apoB and Lp(a) levels or high apoB, Lp(a) and glucose plasma levels). Mean values were used as cut points for high-risk populations, respectively. In contrast, the 5A allele was not associated with the risk of CHD or MI. Even when angiographically controlled individuals without MI were compared with MI patients in subpopulations of participants with no, single, double and triple vessel disease, the frequencies of the 5A/6A and/or the 5A5A genotypes were not higher in each subgroup, respectively.Conclusions.The present results do not confirm an association of the 5A allele with the risk of MI, observed in another investigation, but strengthen the hypothesis of earlier studies that the 6A allele is a disease marker for progression of coronary heart disease. Further investigations should evaluate whether 6A allele carriers and especially 6A homozygotes might benefit from a more aggressive therapy against CHD progression.

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Comparative characteristics of risk factors as predictors of coronary heart disease in women during an epidemiological and clinical examination

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-90-94 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

F. N. Kasumova ◽

N. A. Faradzheva ◽

R. N. Mamedova ◽

S. S. Sultanova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Full Range ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Mean Values ◽

Artery Disease

Aim. To analyze main risk factors (RF) according to the epidemiological and clinical study and to determine the predictors of the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women.Material and methods. The study included 200 women with CAD who were divided into 2 groups: I-epidemiological and II-clinical (99 and 101 patients respectively). For verification of CAD, patients were provided with a full range of epidemiological and clinical-instrumental studies.Results. It was shown that relative risk (RR) mean values (1-2) were in BMI, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and HDL-hypocholesterolemia. Its higher values are for hypercholesterolemia (RR=1,2), atherogenic index (RR=1,4) and LDL-hypercholesterolemia (RR=1,5). As for additional RF, the RR for estradiol was 1,2. The highest RR was for progesterone, reaching 3,5 and for testosterone — 2,8.Conclusion. We determined that if among the traditional RF there are no independent predictors of CAD, specialists in clinical practice can primarily use hormones (progesterone and testosterone).

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Correction to: Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01269-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena M. Yubero-Serrano ◽

Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽

Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽

Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva ◽

Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Artery Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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No causal effects of plasma homocysteine levels on the risk of coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction: A Mendelian randomization study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319894679 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 204748731989467 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liu Miao ◽

Guo-Xiong Deng ◽

Rui-Xing Yin ◽

Rong-Jun Nie ◽

Shuo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Plasma Homocysteine ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Artery Disease

Background Although many observational studies have shown an association between plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular diseases, controversy remains. In this study, we estimated the role of increased plasma homocysteine levels on the etiology of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization study on disease was conducted, i.e. “coronary heart disease” ( n = 184,305) and “acute myocardial infarction” ( n = 181,875). Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were genome-wide significantly associated with plasma homocysteine levels in 57,644 subjects from the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM) plus The Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) consortium genome-wide association study and were known to be associated at p < 5×10–8, were used as an instrumental variable. Results None of the nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction ( p > 0.05 for all). Mendelian randomization analysis revealed no causal effects of plasma homocysteine levels, either on coronary heart disease (inverse variance weighted; odds ratio = 1.015, 95% confidence interval = 0.923–1.106, p = 0.752) or on acute myocardial infarction (inverse variance weighted; odds ratio = 1.037, 95% confidence interval = 0.932–1.142, p = 0.499). The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses using the weighted median and Mendelian randomization-Egger methods, and no directional pleiotropy ( p = 0.213 for coronary heart disease and p = 0.343 for acute myocardial infarction) was observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that plasma homocysteine levels were not significantly associated with coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions The findings from this Mendelian randomization study indicate no causal relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. Conflicting findings from observational studies might have resulted from residual confounding or reverse causation.

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Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01260-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena M. Yubero-Serrano ◽

Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽

Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽

Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva ◽

Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is recognized as a significant predictor of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In fact, coexisting PAD and CHD is strongly associated with a greater coronary event recurrence compared with either one of them alone. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is found to be inversely associated with an increased risk of incident CHD. However, this association is not established in patients with PAD in the context of secondary prevention. In this sense, our main aim was to evaluate the association between CEC and PAD in patients with CHD and whether the concurrent presence of PAD and T2DM influences this association. Methods CHD patients (n = 1002) from the CORDIOPREV study were classified according to the presence or absence of PAD (ankle-brachial index, ABI ≤ 0.9 and ABI > 0.9 and < 1.4, respectively) and T2DM status. CEC was quantified by incubation of cholesterol-loaded THP-1 cells with the participants' apoB-depleted plasma was performed. Results The presence of PAD determined low CEC in non-T2DM and newly-diagnosed T2DM patients. Coexisting PAD and newly-diagnosed T2DM provided and additive effect providing an impaired CEC compared to non-T2DM patients with PAD. In established T2DM patients, the presence of PAD did not determine differences in CEC, compared to those without PAD, which may be restored by glucose-lowering treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between CEC and PAD in CHD patients. These results support the importance of identifying underlying mechanisms of PAD, in the context of secondary prevention, that provide potential therapeutic targets, that is the case of CEC, and establishing strategies to prevent or reduce the high risk of cardiovascular events of these patients. Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00924937. Unique Identifier: NCT00924937

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Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Children: Recognition, Evaluation, and Therapy

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.2.5.131 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

C. J. Glueck ◽

M. J. Mellies ◽

R. C. Tsang ◽

J. A. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Atherosclerosis Prevention

PEDIATRIC GENESIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS Atherosclerosis results from a variety of pathophysiologic disturbances, some currently recognized, and many undoubtedly not yet recognized, which in aggregate are identified as risk factors. Genetic and environmental influences conjointly affect the incidence and the severity of these risk factors and, thus, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Prophylaxis should be designed to prevent or retard the development of arterial plaques. This suggests that diagnostic and preventive efforts should begin in childhood. Eating habits are also probably established in childhood, allowing their early modification. The atherosclerotic plaque appears to have its genesis in childhood. The data from wartime autopsies confirm the presence of mature atherosclerotic lesions by the end of the second decade and emphasize the importance of primary atherosclerosis prevention beginning in the first and second decades. While there are clearly genetic factors in CHD, variation in rates in differing geographic areas appears less likely to be related to genetic than to environmental differences. Marked differences in plasma cholesterol levels are found in children in different geographic areas, generally paralleling pediatric cholesterol and saturated fat intake and the incidence of adult coronary heart disease. The relationships of elevated total plasma cholesterol levels to the incidence of coronary heart disease are clearly established in adults.

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Prediction of atherosclerosis in children and the possibility of early prevention of coronary heart disease

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj70131 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

O. I. Pikuza ◽

V. N. Oslopov ◽

H. M. Vakhitov ◽

A. A. Babushkina ◽

S. E. Nikolsky

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular pathology, etc.) are responsible for 40-50% of all deaths in adults. Of particular concern to clinicians is the emerging unfavorable tendency to "rejuvenate" these diseases. Currently, the fact that atherosclerosis (AS) begins to form in childhood and adolescence is indisputable.

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Errors during the exercise test for the diagnosis of Coronary heart disease: negative result in the presence of three-vessel coronary artery disease

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-32-30-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

L. A. Popova ◽

N. L. Karpina ◽

M. I. Chushkin ◽

S. Y. Mandrykin ◽

V. M. Janus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease ◽

First Choice ◽

Exercise Ecg ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Vessel Coronary Artery

The exercise ECG test is traditionally the first choice in patients with suspected CHD, as the most accessible, despite the fact that its sensitivity and specificity are 68 % and 77 %, respectively. Description of a clinical case of multivessel coronary artery disease in a patient with a negative result of exercise ECG test is presented.

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OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA / HYPOPNEA SYNDROME IN RAILWAY WORKERS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE

10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-155-158 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Gorokhova ◽

◽

N. Belozerova ◽

M. Buniatyan ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Railway Workers ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Step Algorithm ◽

Hypopnea Syndrome

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA) is a common condition that may lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive disturbance, and a decreased concentration that are associated with the risk of workplace accidents and injuries. It is difficult to diagnose OSA due to low severity and specificity of its symptoms and special requirements in respect of medical resources. We assumed that it would be more effective and cost-efficient to diagnose OSA in railway workers with such risk factors f coronary heart disease as arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders since this group receives comprehensive medical attention. However, no studies on the prevalence of OSA in railway workers specifically considered the risk factors for coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of OSA in railway workers with confirmed cardiovascular and metabolic disorders that did not disqualify them from their job. Material and methods. The study included 967 railway workers (locomotive drivers and their assistants). On Stage 1, a group of participants suspected OSA was selected; and on Stage 2, a group of participants with confirmed OSA was formed. Polysomnography or cardiorespiratory monitoring were used to diagnose OSA. Results. We developed a two-step algorithm of OSA diagnosis that included a preliminary assessment of the probability of OSA. 236 (24.4%) participants with a probability of OSA were selected among the initial 967 persons with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Further assessment confirmed OSA in 141 (60%) participants in this group. The analysis of distribution of risk factors for coronary artery disease and OSA showed that 125 (53.0%) of patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², 115 (48.7%) of patients with AH, and 26 (11.0%) of patients with type 2 diabetes had OSA; most of them had some combination of these risk factors. Conclusions: OSA is prevalent in the group of professionally active locomotive drivers and their assistants with risk factors for coronary heart disease; every second worker in a target group with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², AH or with both risk factors was diagnosed with OSA. The proposed two-step algorithm with a pre-test assessment of OSA probability and subsequent instrumental examination (cardiorespiratory monitoring, polysomnography) allows to accurately diagnosis OSA and allocate medical resources in a cost-effective manner.

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