scholarly journals Comparative Study on Adsorption of Mn(II) from Aqueous Solutions on Various Activated Carbons

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Emmanuel ◽  
A. Veerabhadra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Initial Ph

The adsorption of Mn(II) on indigenously prepared activated carbons (IPAC) fromBombax malabaricum,Pithecelobium dulse,Ipomea batatasandPeltaforum ferraginiumhave been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters have been investigated using batch adsorption technique. The extent of Mn(II) removal increased with decrease in initial concentration of the Mn(II), particle size of the adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, amount of adsorbent used and the initial pH of the solution. Adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and first order kinetic equations. The kinetics of adsorption was found to be first order with regard to intra-particle diffusion rate. The results indicate that such carbons could be employed as low cost adsorbents in waste water treatment for the removal of Mn(II).

scholarly journals Comparative study on the removal of acid violet by adsorption on various low cost adsorbents

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Acid Violet ◽  
Iron Chromium

The kinetic studies on the removal of Acid Violet-17 (AV) by adsorption on various adsorbents such as fly ash (FA), iron chromium oxide (ICO), lignite coal (LC), kapok fruit shell carbon (KC) and cashew nut shell carbon (CC) have been made and the results have been compared with that of commercial activated carbon (CAC). Effect of various experimental parameters has been investigated using batch adsorption technique at room temperature (30±1ºC). The percentage removal of AV increases with decrease in the initial concentration of AV, initial pH and particle size of adsorbent and increases with increase in the contact time and dose of adsorbent. Adsorption data were modeled with the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and various first order kinetic equations at 30±1ºC. The kinetics of adsorption is found to be first order with intra particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. The adsorbent materials like iron-chromium oxide (ICO), kapok fruit shell carbon (KC) and cashew nut shell carbon (CC) could be employed as low cost adsorbents as alternative materials to CAC for the removal of AV.

scholarly journals Removal of Lead(II) Ions by Adsorption ontoBamboo Dust and Commercial Activated Carbons -A Comparative Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kannan ◽  
T. Veemaraj
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Particle Diffusion ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Percentage Removal

Studies on the removal of lead(II) ions by adsorption onto indigenously prepared bamboo dust carbon (BDC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) have been carried out with an aim to obtain data for treating effluents from metal processing and metal finishing industries. Effect of various process parameters has been investigated by following the batch adsorption technique at 30±1°C. Percentage removal of lead(II) ions increased with the decrease in initial concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of adsorbent. Amount of lead(II) ions adsorbed increases with the decrease in particle size of the adsorbent. As initial pH of the slurry increased, the percentage removal increased, reached a maximum and the final solution pH after adsorption decreases. Adsorption data were modeled with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, the first order kinetic equations proposed by Natarajan – Khalaf, Lagergren and Bhattacharya and Venkobachar and intra- particle diffusion model and the models were found to be applicable. Kinetics of adsorption is observed to be first order with intra-particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Removal of lead(II) ions by bamboo dust carbon (BDC) is found to be favourable and hence BDC could be employed as an alternative adsorbent to commercial activated carbon (CAC) for effluent treatment, especially for the removal of lead(II) ions

scholarly journals Detoxification of toxic metal ions by sorption onto activated carbon from hevea brasiliensis bark – a comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
First Order

Sorption of toxic metal ions (Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) from Hevea brasiliensis bark carbon (HBBC) was carried out at 30±1 °C under various experimental conditions. Effect of various process parameters has been investigated by following the batch adsorption technique at 30 +1°C. The percentage removal increased with decrease in initial concentration and particle size and increase in contact time and dose of adsorbent. As initial pH of the slurry increased, the percentage removal increased, reached a maximum. The adsorption is highly pH sensitive. Adsorption data were modelled with various isotherms and first order kinetic equations proposed by Natarajan-Khalaf, Lagergren and Bhattacharya-Venkobachar and intraparticle diffusion models found to be applicable. Kinetics of adsorption is observed to be first order with Intra- particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. The monolayer adsorption capacities of HBBC also studied by Langmuir isotherms. HBBC could be used as low-cost adsorbents in effluent treatment, especially for the removal of metal ions, particular in Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. It is confirmed by FT-IR studies before and after adsorption.

scholarly journals Studies on the Removal of Red Industrial Dye Using Teak Leaf, Maize Corn and Babool Tree Bark Carbons -A Comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-774
Author(s):  
N. Kannan ◽  
A. Vijayakumar ◽  
P. Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Activated carbons prepared from teak leaf (TLC), maize corn (MCC) and babool tree bark (BTBC) were used to study adsorption of red industrial dye under various experimental conditions. Effect of various experimental parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and initial pH of solution was studied. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at room temperature (30±1°C). Adsorption parameters were modeled by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Adsorption data were fitted with the Natarajan and Khalaf, Lagergren and Bhattacharya -Venkobachar equations. The high value of 21.28 was obtained from Langmuir plot indicates maize corn carbon (MCC) is the best low cost adsorbent. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics, with intra- particle diffusion as one of the rate limiting steps

Studies on the Removal of Malachite Green Dyes by Adsorption onto Activated Carbons – A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
D. Usha ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
M. Malarvizhi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order

Malachite Green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff for the materials like silk, leather and paper. As a part of removal of malachite green dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage of malachite green adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbent. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The first order kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and MG is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the MG. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM photos.

scholarly journals Adsorption of penicillin by decaffeinated tea waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Gharbani ◽  
Ali Mehrizad ◽  
Ismail Jafarpour
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
First Order ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Removal of penicillin has been investigated using decaffeinated tea waste (DCTW). Decaffeination of tea waste was investigated using different methods. Results indicate that ozonation was the most effective process for removal of penicillin. Batch adsorption experiments were completed at various temperatures (20, 30, and 40°C), DCTW dosages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g per 250 mL), penicillin concentrations (4, 10, and 14 mg/L), and pH (3, 7, and 10) conditions. Studies showed that adsorption reaches equilibrium within 40 min. The main factor affecting adsorption of penicillin was the solution pH, with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 3. Higher adsorbent dosages and lower penicillin concentrations also resulted in higher percentages of penicillin removal. Results show that data obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. This process proves that low-cost DCTW could be used as a high performance adsorbent for removing penicillin from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Removal of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Cuttlebone as Bio-adsorbent

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Pathompong Vibhatabandhu ◽  
Sarawut Srithongouthai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Biosorptionis an effective process for removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In the present study, batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of copper (Cu II) from aqueous solutions using cuttlebone powder (<100 μm)as a bio-adsorbent. The effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and contact time on adsorption efficiency and capacity were studied to evaluate the optimum conditions for copper removal.The results found optimal conditions at initial pH of 5.0, 10 g L-1cuttlebone, 500 mg L-1initial concentration of Cu II in solution, and 150 min of equilibrium time.The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model were fitted to the experimental adsorption data. The maxi-mum adsorption capacity calculated from theLangmuir isotherm was 54.05 mg g-1. This result shows that cuttlebone is an effective bio-adsorbent, constituting a promising, efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly technology bio-sorbent for reducing copper pollution during wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using Low-Cost Volcanic Rocks: Kinetics and Equilibrium Approaches

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Dereje Tadesse Mekonnen ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu ◽  
Bernd Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorptive Removal

The contamination of surface and groundwater with phosphate originating from industrial and household wastewater remains a serious environmental issue in low-income countries. Herein, phosphate removal from aqueous solutions was studied using low-cost volcanic rocks such as pumice (VPum) and scoria (VSco), obtained from the Ethiopian Great Rift Valley. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using phosphate solutions with concentrations of 0.5 to 25 mg·L−1 to examine the adsorption kinetic as well as equilibrium conditions. The experimental adsorption data were tested by employing various equilibrium adsorption models, and the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms best depicted the observations. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacities of VPum and VSco were calculated and found to be 294 mg·kg−1 and 169 mg·kg−1, respectively. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the experimental data with a coefficient of correlation of R2 > 0.99 for both VPum and VSco; however, VPum showed a slightly better selectivity for phosphate removal than VSco. The presence of competitive anions markedly reduced the removal efficiency of phosphate from the aqueous solution. The adsorptive removal of phosphate was affected by competitive anions in the order: HCO3− >F− > SO4−2 > NO3− > Cl− for VPum and HCO3− > F− > Cl− > SO4−2 > NO3− for VSco. The results indicate that the readily available volcanic rocks have a good adsorptive capacity for phosphate and shall be considered in future studies as test materials for phosphate removal from water in technical-scale experiments.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the removal of copper (II) by Ulva fasciata activated carbon and commercially activated carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Suresh Jeyakumar ◽  
V. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ulva Fasciata ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Abstract In this work, the efficiency of Ulva fasciata sp. activated carbons (CCUC, SCUC and SSUC) and commercially activated carbon (CAC) were studied for the removal of Cu (II) ions from synthetic wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial copper concentration and adsorbent dose. The percentage adsorption of copper by CCUC, SSUC, SCUC and CAC are 88.47%, 97.53%, 95.78% and 77.42% respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. Two kinetic models pseudo first order and the pseudo second order were selected to interpret the adsorption data.

scholarly journals Ozone Application for Tofu Waste Water Treatment and Its Utilisation for Growth Medium of Microalgae Spirulina sp

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
First Order ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Tofu industries produce waste water containing high organic contents and suspendid solid which is harmful if directly discharged to the environment. This waste can lead to disruption of water quality and lowering the environmental carrying capacity of waters around the tofu industries. Besides, the tofu waste water still contains high nitrogen contents which can be used for microalgae growth. This study was aimed to reduce the pollution load (chemical oxygen demand-COD) of tofue wastewater by using ozone treatments and to utilize nutrients in treated tofu waste water as medium growth of microalgae. The result showed that the reduction of COD by implementation of ozone treatment followed first order kinetic. Under variation of waste concentrations between 10-40%, the degradation rate constant was in the range of 0.00237-0.0149 min-1. The microalgae was able to grow in the tofue waste medium by the growth rate constants of 0.15-0.29 day-1. This study concluded that tofu waste was highly potent for microalgae growth.

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