Histochemical Comparison of the Hypopharyngeal Gland inApis ceranaFabricius, 1793 Workers andApis melliferaLinnaeus, 1758 Workers

Hypopharyngeal glands of honeybee are age-dependent structures that change with the size of acini and are correlated with various social behaviors. The histochemical structure ofApis ceranaandA. melliferaworker hypopharyngeal glands in four different developmental stages wes stained with ninhydrin Schiff's and periodic acid Schiff's reagents (PAS) for localization of proteins and carbohydrates, respectively, and examined with light microscopy. Nurse bees of both honeybee species had significantly larger glands as compared to guards and forgers, but there were no statistically significant differences between these two species after accounting for caste. Gland protein concentration increased progressively in nurse bees, and this was correlated with the appearance of enriched protein granules in the cytoplasm. In addition, the hypopharyngeal gland protein concentration ofA. melliferawas higher than that ofA. ceranaeven though gland size was not significantly different between species. However, gland size was shown to have decreased progressively in foragers and guards.

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Hypopharyngeal Gland Activity in Task-Specific Workers Under Brood and Broodless Conditions in Apis Cerana Indica (Fab.)

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.2478/jas-2014-0022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seydur Rahman ◽

Ibamelaker Thangkhiew ◽

Sudhanya R. Hajong

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Apis Cerana ◽

Larval Rearing ◽

Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽

Head Weight ◽

Apis Cerana Indica ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) is the principal organ of protein synthesis in honey bees. It is involved in larval rearing. We examined the fresh head weight, HPG acini diameter, and HPG protein content in worker bees engaged in different tasks and under brood and broodless conditions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the HPG acini diameter of worker bees was related to their task. The highest HPG volume was found in nurse bees, and the volume regressed when the task changed from guarding to foraging. The fresh head weight was positively correlated with HPG acini diameter. Although, there was no positive correlation between HPG acini diameter and protein concentration, the glandular protein concentration increased progressively in nurse bees and declined in guard and forager bees. Histochemistry revealed similar results. Despite displaying significantly larger glands, guard bee protein secretion was similar to that of the foragers. Brooding had a significant effect on HPG activity. Only worker bees from the colony with an intact brood showed elevated rates of protein synthesis; thus, it is possible that a signal was emitted by the brood, which stimulated protein synthesis in the HPG. However, the size of the HPG was similar in both brood and broodless conditions.

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Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067121 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Gladys Harrison

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Oxygen Effects ◽

Age Dependent ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Subject ◽

Space Age ◽

Alveolar Septa ◽

Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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Differential Gene Expression in the Hypopharyngeal Glands of Worker Honeybees (Apis melliferaL.) Associated with an Age-Dependent Role Change

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE ◽

10.2108/zsj.26.557 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 557-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Takayuki Ueno ◽

Takayoshi Nakaoka ◽

Hideaki Takeuchi ◽

Takeo Kubo

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Differential Gene Expression ◽

Role Change ◽

Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Differential Gene

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ELEVATED SALIVARY DJ-1 IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED SALIVARY SECRETION

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.23 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. e4.111-e4

Author(s):

Joseph Masters ◽

Alaistair Noyce ◽

Gavin Giovannoni ◽

Tom Warner ◽

Gordon Proctor

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Total Protein Concentration ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff

AimTo investigate the composition of saliva in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsSaliva was collected from 16 patients with PD and 22 age-matched controls. Salivary DJ-1 concentrations were measured with quantitative immunoblotting; total protein concentration with a BCA assay; amylase with an amylase activity assay; and mucin concentrations with periodic-acid Schiff stained SDS gels.ResultsSalivary flow rate was not significantly different between patients and controls. Patient saliva showed increases in DJ-1 concentration (0.84 vs 0.42 µg/ml, p=0.001) and total protein concentration (8.4 vs 5.0 mg/ml, p=0.001). In patients, adjusted DJ-1 levels correlated with disease severity measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (p=0.019). Concentrations of amylase, but not mucins, were elevated in the saliva of patients (0.127 vs 0.061 units/ml, p<0.001) and correlated positively with both total protein (p<0.001) and DJ-1 concentration (p<0.013).ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that the saliva of patients with PD is different in composition to that of controls, which supports the notion that saliva may be a good candidate for biomarker discovery in PD. Altered protein secretion may be a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in PD.

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The development of Psychodiella sergenti (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) in Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182011002411 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 139 (6) ◽

pp. 726-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

LUCIE LANTOVA ◽

PETR VOLF

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Body Cavity ◽

The Body ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽

Schiff Reaction

SUMMARYPsychodiella sergenti is a recently described specific pathogen of the sand fly Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica. The aim of this study was to examine the life cycle of Ps. sergenti in various developmental stages of the sand fly host. The microscopical methods used include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy of native preparations and histological sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Psychodiella sergenti oocysts were observed on the chorion of sand fly eggs. In 1st instar larvae, sporozoites were located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine. No intracellular stages were found. In 4th instar larvae, Ps. sergenti was mostly located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine of the larvae before defecation and in the intestinal lumen of the larvae after defecation. In adults, the parasite was recorded in the body cavity, where the sexual development was triggered by a bloodmeal intake. Psychodiella sergenti has several unique features. It develops sexually exclusively in sand fly females that took a bloodmeal, and its sporozoites bear a distinctive conoid (about 700 nm long), which is more than 4 times longer than conoids of the mosquito gregarines.

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Characterization of gut bacteria at different developmental stages of Asian honey bees, Apis cerana

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.jip.2015.03.010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 110-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jun Guo ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Yanping Chen ◽

Jay D. Evans ◽

Rongguo Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Apis Cerana ◽

Gut Bacteria

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Experimental light-microscopic study of pathological dentinogenesis

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0501027s ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 27-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radoje Stevanovic ◽

Jovan Vojinovic

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Observational Period ◽

Cavity Preparation ◽

Amalgam Restoration

The aim of this paper was to analyze pathological dentinogenesis in initial and subsequent developmental stages in relation to the type and intensity of irritations, by means of light microscopy. Material and method: Total of 70 teeth (16 human and 54 dog teeth). Cavity preparation was identical in all teeth, with the depth varying between 1-1.5mm in primary and 2-2.5mm in permanent teeth, respectively. Cavities were filled with calcium-hydroxide paste and were subsequently closed with amalgam restoration. Observational period ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Results: Obtained results have shown that structure of the pathologically developed dentine depends on intensity more when compared to the type of irritation. Damaged regular odontoblasts, which are excreting tubular dentine (more irregular with more severe cell damage), act as formative cells. When regular odontoblasts are destroyed, new can be differentiated from precursors that are latent in the pulp and periodontal tissue. Conclusion: Formation of pathological dentine is of the regular dentinogenesis pattern. Pathological dentinogenesis in the process of odontoblast discharge has inverse course: it is more irregular with increased degradation. Pathological dentinogenesis is genetically conditioned process, which involves entire pulp-dentinal complex. .

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Re-evaluation of merogony of a Cystoisospora ohioensis-like coccidian and its distinction from gametogony in the intestine of a naturally infected dog

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018002202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (6) ◽

pp. 740-745

Author(s):

J. P. Dubey

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Sexual Stages ◽

Endogenous Stages ◽

Study Development

AbstractFour species of Cystoisospora, C. canis, C. ohioensis, C. neorivolta and C. burrowsi are described from feces of dogs. Of these, the oocysts of C. canis are the largest and easily distinguished from the remaining three species. Oocysts of C. ohioensis, C. neorivolta and C. burrowsi are difficult to distinguish because of overlap in their sizes. However, based on endogenous developmental stages, C. ohioensis is distinct from C. neorivolta and C. burrowsi because its endogenous stages are confined to surface epithelium of intestine whereas endogenous stages of C. neorivolta and C. burrowsi are predominantly in the lamina propria. There are uncertainties regarding the endogenous stages of C. neorivolta and C. burrowsi and there is no way now to determine whether C. burrowsi and C. neorivolta are different parasites; therefore, these are referred as C. ohioensis-like organisms. Additionally, mode of division of asexual stages of coccidia of dogs is largely unknown and ultrastructural studies are lacking. In the present study, development of asexual and sexual stages of a C. ohioensis-like organism in a naturally infected dog is described by light microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. Merozoites divided by endodyogeny/merogony. Meronts were crescent/merozoite-shaped and contained a maximum of eight nuclei. A distinctive feature of merozoites was the presence of many PAS-positive amylopectin granules that were absent or rare in immature microgamonts making it possible to distinguish them.

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Trophoblast ultrastructure in murine interspecies pregnancy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103498 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

M. Crepeau ◽

S. Yamashiro ◽

T. Bast ◽

B.A. Croy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Histological Study ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Pregnancy Failure ◽

Mus Caroli ◽

Implantation Sites ◽

Time Point

Mus caroli blastocysts transferred to the uterus of pseudopregnant Mus musculus implant but do not survive past midgestation. Blastocyst microsurgery has been used to show that trophoblast is the tissue responsible for pregnancy failure but the nature of the failure remains undefined. Therefore a histological study, was undertaken to compare development of M. caroli embryos in M. musculus and M. caroli uteri at a time point just prior to development of grossly observable lesions.Seven transferred M. caroli embryos and six transferred M. musculus embryos were recovered from three M. musculus recipients on day 8.5 of gestation. Four M. caroli embryos recovered from a M. caroli uterus on day 7.5 of gestation were used as stage-matched controls. For light microscopy, 2 μm thick, glycol methacrylate embedded (3), sections of implantation sites were stained with H & E or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). For electron microscopy, small pieces of the tissues were fixed and processed routinely.

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