Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Rubber-Toughened Nanocomposites via Electron Beam Irradiation

Improving the mechanical properties of a pristine system is the main target of developing nanocomposites. The nanocomposites systems were first prepared via intercalation technique with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loading. Two types of cross-linking techniques were applied, namely, as maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) and electron beam (EB) irradiated system. The effectiveness of these systems was then compared with the control one and analyzed based on the mechanical tests and morphological examination. The mechanical tests revealed that control, MAPE, and EB irradiated systems had attained the optimum mechanical properties at 4 vol% OMMT content. EB irradiated unit of a dose of 100 kGy showed excellent mechanical properties with higher crosslinking degree which were proved by gel content analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of delamination structure with MAPE and EB irradiation techniques based on the disappearance of characteristic peak. The degree of delamination was further investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

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Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation (EB) on Gas Barrier Property of HDPE/EPDM Nanocomposites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.775 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 471-472 ◽

pp. 775-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.A. Jamal ◽

Hazleen Anuar ◽

Shamsul Bahri A. Razak

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Interplanar Spacing ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Organophilic Montmorillonite ◽

Barrier Resistance ◽

Irradiation Dose Rate ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Clay Layers ◽

Oxygen Transmission

In this study, electron beam irradiated (EB) was applied as a crosslinker agent for both pristine high density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposite systems. The doses rate for EB irradiated technique were varied between 50, 100, 150 and 200 kGy. The nanocomposites systems were first prepared via melt intercalation method with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings. It was found that, with 4 vol% organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loading, the barrier resistance of nanocomposite against oxygen transmission was significantly enhanced by EB irradiation dose rate of 100 kGy. The oxygen transmission for nanocomposite was reduced by 23.48%. The interplanar spacing, d-spacings of OMMT in nanocomposites were monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the extent of delamination was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The wide angle of XRD patterns showed the increased interplanar spacing, d of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between polymer matrix and OMMT with EB irradiation. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the mixed intercalated and partial exfoliated structures of the nanocomposites with the irradiation process.

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Effects of Sintering Temperature on Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Based Alloy by High-Velocity Compaction

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11020218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Xianjie Yuan ◽

Xuanhui Qu ◽

Haiqing Yin ◽

Zaiqiang Feng ◽

Mingqi Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Velocity ◽

Sintered Density ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

High Velocity Compaction ◽

Sintered Temperature

This present work investigates the effects of sintering temperature on densification, mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-based alloy pressed by high-velocity compaction. The green samples were heated under the flow of high pure (99.99 wt%) N2. The heating rate was 4 °C/min before 315 °C. For reducing the residual stress, the samples were isothermally held for one h. Then, the specimens were respectively heated at the rate of 10 °C/min to the temperature between 540 °C and 700 °C, held for one h, and then furnace-cooled to the room temperature. Results indicate that when the sintered temperature was 640 °C, both the sintered density and mechanical properties was optimum. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray diffraction of sintered samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope were used to analyse the microstructure and phases.

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Microscopic study of zinc nanoparticles synthesised using thermosetting polymer

Applied Microscopy ◽

10.1186/s42649-019-0018-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Giriraj Tailor ◽

Jyoti Chaudhay ◽

Deepshikha Verma ◽

Bhupendra Kr. Sarma

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

The Novel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Zinc Nanoparticles ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Sem Study ◽

Zinc Salts ◽

Thermosetting Polymer ◽

Low Crystalline

AbstractThe present study reports the novel synthesis of Zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) by thermal decomposition method and its characterisation by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction Measurements (XRD). Synthesis of Zn NPs was achieved by using thermosetting polymer and zinc salts as precursor. Zn NPs were obtained on calcination at 850 °C for 30 min. SEM study reveals that synthesized nanoparticles are spherical in shape. XRD analysis shows that the Zn NPs formed are low crystalline in nature.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE/TI6AL4V COMPOSITE POWDER UNDER VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v75.5168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Arifin ◽

Abu Bakar Sulong ◽

Norhamidi Muhamad ◽

Junaidi Syarif

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Powder ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Two Phases ◽

Work Interaction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, Hydroxyapatite possesses poor mechanical properties and only tolerate limited loads for implants. Titanium is well-known materials applied in implant that has advantage in mechanical properties but poor in biocompatibility. The combination of the Titanium alloy and HA is expected to produce bio-implants with good in term of mechanical properties and biocompatabilty. In this work, interaction and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V was analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V composite powder obtained from compaction (powder metallurgy) of 60 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 40 wt.% HA and sintering at different temperatures in air were investigated in this study. Interactions of the mixed powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The hardness and density of the HA/Ti6Al4V composites were also measured. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the oxidation of Ti began at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, two phases were formed (i.e., TiO2 and CaTiO3). The results showed that the hardness HA/Ti6Al4V composites increased by 221.6% with increasing sintering temperature from 700oC to 1000oC. In contrast, the density of the composites decreased by 1.9% with increasing sintering temperature.

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Processing of Al2O3-AlN Ceramics and Their Structural, Mechanical, and Tribological Characterization

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6055

Author(s):

Dheeraj Varanasi ◽

Monika Furkó ◽

Katalin Balázsi ◽

Csaba Balázsi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Aluminum Nitride ◽

Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Oxidation Time ◽

Bending Test ◽

Coarse Powder ◽

Powder Particles ◽

Tribological Characterization

The aim of this study is to present a novel, lower sintering temperature preparation, processing, structural, mechanical, and tribological testing of the AlN-Al2O3 ceramics. The precursor powder of AlN was subjected to oxidation in ambient environment at 900 °C for 3, 10, and 20 h, respectively. These oxidized powders were characterized by SEM and XRD to reveal their morphology, phase, and crystal structure. The SEM results showed coarse powder particles and the presence of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) phase at the surface of aluminum nitride (AlN). The XRD analysis has shown increasing aluminum-oxy-nitride conversion of aluminum nitride as the holding time of oxidation increased. The highest percentage of conversion of AlN powder to AlN-Al2O3 was observed after 10 h. Simultaneously the powders were compacted and sintered using the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) under inert environment (N2 gas) at 1700 °C, 20 MPa for 5 h. This led to the compaction and increase in density of the final samples. Mechanical tests, such as bending test and tribology tests, were carried out on the samples. The mechanical properties of the samples were observed to improve in the oxidized samples compared to the precursor AlN. Moreover, applying longer oxidation time, the mechanical properties of the sintered samples enhanced significantly. Optimum qualitative (microstructure, oxide percentage) and quantitative (tribology, hardness, and bending tests) properties were observed in samples with 10-h oxidation time.

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Study on Microstructure and Properties of a New Warm-Stamped Niobium-Alloyed Steel

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9070765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 765

Author(s):

Peng Tian ◽

Wen Liang ◽

Zhennan Cui ◽

Guoming Zhu ◽

Yonglin Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Alloyed Steel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Forming Process ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Decarburized Layer ◽

Optimal Heating

The warm stamping technology is a promising technology to meet the needs of car weight reduction and energy conservation. In order to compare with the mechanical properties of the traditional hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5, a new warm-stamped niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb was designed and tested. The optimal heating parameters for warm forming process were explored through mechanical tests, and the process of their microstructure evolution was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The experimental results indicate that the optimal heating parameters for the niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb are a heating temperature of 800 °C and a soaking time of 5 min. Compared to the hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5 under their respective optimal heating parameters, the properties and microstructure characteristics of 22Mn3SiNb are greatly improved, and nearly no decarburized layer is found on the surface of the niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb. In addition, the addition of Nb produces the effects of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening due to the introduction of plenty of nano-precipitated particles and dislocations. In the end, it can be predicted that the new warm-stamped niobium-alloyed steel will replace the conventional hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel.

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Effects of Bi2O3 Doping on the Mechanical Properties of PbO Ceramic Pellets Used in Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12121948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1948 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Anxia Yang ◽

Huiping Zhu ◽

Arslan Muhammad ◽

Pengwei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Eutectic Alloy ◽

Composite Ceramic ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oxygen Control ◽

Fast Reactors ◽

Future Studies ◽

X Ray ◽

Lead Bismuth Eutectic

In this paper, the effects of Bi2O3 doping on the mechanical properties of PbO ceramic pellets were studied. Different ratios of Bi2O3/PbO (i.e., xBi2O3-(1−x) PbO, where x is 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 wt.%) were fabricated and sintered at 570, 620, and 670 °C. Mechanical properties including density, hardness, flexural strength, and sintering of PbO were studied for each of the aforementioned compositions. Phase composition, microstructure, and the worn surfaces of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis revealed that a solid solution formed in the composite ceramic. The best suited conditions of temperature and doping of Bi2O3 for optimal sintering were found to be 620 °C and 3 wt.%, respectively. The hardness of the 3 wt.% Bi2O3-97 wt.% PbO ceramic was found to be 717 MPa, which is about four times higher than the hardness of pure PbO. In addition, the strength of the composites was found to be 43 MPa, which is two times higher than that of pure PbO. The integrity of the composites was verified using the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy flushing experiment. The results of this research paper are important for future studies of oxygen control in the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy of lead-cooled fast reactors.

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The Effect of Polyethylene-Octene Elastomer on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110501300805 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 795-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M.U. Wahit ◽

A. Hassan ◽

Z.A. Mohd Ishak ◽

A. Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polyamide 6 ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Melt Compounding ◽

Modified Montmorillonite ◽

Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽

Rubber Toughened ◽

Izod Impact ◽

Pp Blends

Rubber-toughened nanocomposites (RTNC) consisting of ternary blends of polyamide 6 (PA6), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) containing 4 wt% of organophilic modified montmorillonite were produced by melt compounding followed by injection moulding. The blend composition was kept constant (PA6/PP=70/30 parts by weight) while the POE content was varied between 5 and 20 wt%. Maleated PP (PP-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer. The morphology of the RTNC was studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of RTNC were studied through tensile, flexural, Izod impact and fracture toughness properties. While the tensile and flexural properties were found to decrease with the increasing concentration of POE, the toughness was significantly enhanced as compared to the neat PA6/PP blends. In general, the blends containing 10-15 wt% of POE had the best balance of stiffness, strength and toughness. The addition of 30 wt% of PP in the PA6 matrix improved the compatibility between PA6 and the rubber phase. XRD established that the organoclay was well dispersed (exfoliated) and preferentially embedded in the PA6 phase.

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Study on fracture behavior of individual InAs nanowires using an electron-beam-drilled notch

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra01117b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (27) ◽

pp. 16655-16661 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suji Choi ◽

Jong Hoon Lee ◽

Min Wook Pin ◽

Dong Won Jang ◽

Seong-Gu Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Fracture Behavior ◽

Tensile Loading ◽

Uniaxial Tensile ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Inas Nanowires ◽

Uniaxial Tensile Loading

The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of individual InAs nanowires (NWs) were investigated under uniaxial tensile loading in a transmission electron microscope.

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Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9060699 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 699 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alexey Panin ◽

Marina Kazachenok ◽

Olga Perevalova ◽

Sergey Martynov ◽

Alexandra Panina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Surface Finish ◽

Martensitic Transformations ◽

Post Treatment ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Orthorhombic Martensite ◽

Α Phase ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Outermost Surface

In the present study, the methods of optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis gained insights into the mechanisms of surface finish and microstructure formation of Ti–6Al–4V parts during an EBF3-process. It was found that the slip band propagation within the outermost surface layer provided dissipation of the stored strain energy associated with martensitic transformations. The latter caused the lath fragmentation as well as precipitation of nanosized β grains and an orthorhombic martensite α″ phase at the secondary α lath boundaries of as-built Ti–6Al–4V parts. The effect of continuous electron beam post-treatment on the surface finish, microstructure, and mechanical properties of EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V parts was revealed. The brittle outermost surface layer of the EBF3-fabricated samples was melted upon the treatment, resulting in the formation of equiaxial prior β grains of 20 to 30 μm in size with the fragmented acicular α′ phase. Electron-beam irradiation induced transformations within the 70 μm thick molten surface layer and 500 μm thick heat affected zone significantly increased the Vickers microhardness and tensile strength of the EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V samples.

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