scholarly journals Effects of Saponins against ClinicalE. coliStrains and Eukaryotic Cell Line

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Arabski ◽  
Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk ◽  
Grzegorz Czerwonka ◽  
Anna Lankoff ◽  
Wiesław Kaca
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
E Coli

Saponins are detergent-like substances showing antibacterial as well as anticancer potential. In this study, the effects of saponins fromQuillaja saponariawere analyzed against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Multidrug-resistant clinicalE. colistrains were isolated from human urine. As eukaryotic cells, the CHO-K1 cell lines were applied. Antibacterial effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin in the presence of saponins was measured by cultivation methods. Properties of saponins against CHO-K1 cells were measured by the MTT test, hemolysis assay and flow cytometry. Saponin fromQuillaja saponariahas a cytotoxic effect at concentrations higher than 25 μg/mL and in the range of 12–50 μg/mL significantly increases the level of early apoptotic cells. Saponin at dose of 12 μg/mL enhances the sixE. colistrains growth. We postulate that saponins increase the influx of nutrients from the medium intoE. colicells. Saponins do not have synergetic effects on antibacterial action of tested antibiotics. In contrary, in the presence of saponins and antibiotics, more CFU/mLE. colicells were observed. This effect was similar to saponins action alone towardsE. colicells. In conclusion, saponins was cytotoxic against CHO-K1 cells, whereas againstE. colicells this effect was not observed.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of some wild medicinal plants in Palestine against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Lubna Abdallah ◽  
Ghadeer Omar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli

Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, plants are being an excellent alternate to fight the further spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this study, six plant species grown wildly in Palestine were used to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. The dried areal parts of Calamintha incana, Lupins pilosus, Parietaria judica, Satureja thymbra, Thymbra spicata and Verbascum fruticulosum were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol solvents. All extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity using micro-dilution method. Plant extraction with alcohol solvents provided stronger antibacterial effect compared to the aqueous ones. All alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect against E. coli except the ethanol extract of L. pilosus and the methanol extracts of V. fruticulosum and C. incana. Moreover, C. incana aqueous extract was the only aqueous extract with bacteriostatic activity. Among the studied plant species, ethanol extract of T. spicata was the most potent one with MBC value 12.5 mg/mL. However, P. judica ethanol extract which exhibited the best MIC effect (6.25 mg/mL) killed E. coli isolate at a 25 mg/mL. In conclusion, obtained results confirmed the efficacy of using some plant extracts as natural antibacterial alternatives. Therefore, it suggests the possibility of using them as drugs for the treatment of other multidrug resistant bacterial isolates.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum b-Lactamases (blaTEM) producing Escherichia coli isolated from humans and foods of animal origin in Chhattisgarh, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Dewangan ◽  
Sanjay Shakya ◽  
Anil Patyal ◽  
Nitin E. Gade ◽  
Bhoomika
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum

The present study describes the prevalence of extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli in raw chevon, milk and human samples in different districts of Chhattisgarh state. A total of 330 samples comprising of chevon (n=126), raw milk (n=104), human urine and stool (n=100) were collected from Bilaspur, Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon and Dhamtari districts of Chhattisgarh and processed for isolation of E. coli. The biochemically confirmed E. coli isolates were further screened of for the presence of blaTEM gene by PCR amplification. Analysis of samples indicated an overall prevalence of 31.52%. The highest prevalence of E. coli was recorded in fresh chevon samples (38.09%) followed by human urine samples (37.14%), human stool samples (30%) followed by milk samples (20.19%). In –vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of E. coli isolates revealed that all isolates to be highly sensitive towards imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amoxyclav, ampicillin, oxytetracyclin. The highest numbers of E. coli isolates were found resistant to erythromycin, cefotaxim, ceftazidime, cephalexin and cifixime. The 49 E. coli isolates were found to have Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index more than 0.2, thus indicating indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The 44 (42.3%) isolates were identified as presumptive ESBL producers and out of them 39.4% isolates were found to harbour the blaTEM gene on their plasmid DNA indicating the presence of multidrug resistant ESBL producing E. coli in foods of animal origin and human samples.

Summing up: conservation and diversification in metazoan eukaryotic cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1329) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Short Time

The pre-meeting announcement raised the question: ‘The cell is a marvel of evolution. How has an apparently common set of mechanisms present in the eukaryotic cell evolved to generate the variety of cellular processes found in multicellular organisms?’ such as, I might add here, the organism’s development, physiology and behaviour, and how have they generated the variety of organisms themselves, particularly metazoa? The meeting was stimulating and successful. It was inspiring to hear speakers summarize progress in understanding the common (conserved) processes of eukaryotic cells of single-celled and multicellular organisms, namely: the functioning of the cytoskeleton; the basis of motility; the core reactions and feedbacks in the cell cycle; the elements of transcription and transcriptional regulation; the steps of signal transduction pathways and their crosstalk; the means of specificity in vessicle trafficking and compartmentation; the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules; and the various means of generating osmotic balance and membrane potential. Structural conservation of protein components of these processes is apparent from sequence comparisons and crystallography. Functional conservation is apparent from interphylum gene substitution. Prokaryotes do not share these processes. The meeting was unusual in the speakers’ balancing of data and speculation. Several said openly and others implied that once you really know the components of the processes and the interactions of components at the biochemical level, it is not hard to imagine how the process arose in the course of eukaryotic cell evolution from processes and components of a prokaryotic ancestor. Sometimes a comparison of E. coli, yeast and mouse was used, but sometimes the speculations came without comparisons, just from the layered organisation of the process itself. It is a reward of such studies that plausible integrative schemes can now be devised where nothing could be said a short time ago.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the antibacterial effect of watery date extracts (Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Seifzadeh ◽  
Mohammed Rabbani ◽  
Rasoul Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

Abstract The present research aimed at investigating the antibacterial effects of date extracts (Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum) on the stationary and exponential growth phases of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in vitro. The methods used in this study included flow cytometry and culture. Carboxyl fluorescein diacetate was utilized to determine the effects of extracts and estimate bacterial survivability. Under the impacts of Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum extracts, the bacterial elimination percentages recorded in the log phase of S. aureus were 30.90, 86.35 and 97.18% respectively. However, the effect of exposure of E. coli to date extracts in log phase resulted in the destruction of 8.76, 24.69 and 38.97% of these bacteria respectively. The effect of the extracts on the log phase of S. aureus showed a significant increase compared to that of E.coli (p<0.05). The extracts had the maximum impacts on the stationary phase of both S. aureus and E. coli within 3h exposure time. Mozafati and Piaroum extracts yielded the highest bacterial elimination effect within 3h while Zahedi extract had the maximum effect at zero time on stationary phase of E.coli. The effect of these extracts on the stationary and logarithmic phases of growth of S. aureus and E. coli is bacteriostatic. The result of flow cytometry showed an increase as compared with that of culture. The antibacterial effect of Zahedi extract on S. aureus and E. coli proved to be meaningfully higher than those of other extracts. In order to destroy the examined bacteria in both stationary and logarithmic phase, the use of Zahedi, Piaroum and Mozafati extracts is recommended respectively.

Gold Nanoparticle Biosynthesis by E. coli and Conjugation with Streptomycin and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Mazdeh ◽  
Hossein Motamedi ◽  
Azim Khiavi ◽  
Mohammad Mehrabi
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nanoparticle Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

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