Erythrocyte Sialic Acid Content during Aging in Humans: Correlation with Markers of Oxidative Stress

Sialic acids are substituted neuraminic acid derivatives which are typically found at the outermost end of glycan chains on the membrane in all cell types. The role of erythrocyte membrane sialic acids during aging has been established however the relationship between sialic acid and oxidative stress is not fully understood. The present work was undertaken to analyze the relationship between erythrocyte membrane sialic acid with its plasma level, membrane and plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels and plasma total antioxidant capacity. Results show that sialic acid content decreases significantly (P< 0.001) in RBC membrane (r= −0.901) and increases in plasma (r= 0.860) as a function of age in humans. Lipid peroxidation measured in the form of hydroperoxides increases significantly (P< 0.001) in plasma (r= 0.830) and RBC membranes (r= 0.875) with age in humans. The Trolox Equivalent Total Antioxidant Capacity (TETAC) of plasma was found to be significantly decreased (P< 0.001,r= −0.844). We observe significant correlations between decrease of erythrocyte membrane sialic acid and plasma lipid hydroperoxide and TETAC. Based on the observed correlations, we hypothesize that increase in oxidative stress during aging may influence the sialic acid decomposition from membrane thereby altering the membrane configuration affecting many enzymatic and transporter activities. Considering the importance of plasma sialic acid as a diagnostic parameter, it is important to establish age-dependent reference.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE INFLUENZA VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF GLYCOPROTEINS TO THEIR MOLECULAR SIZE AND SIALIC ACID CONTENT

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.64.2.634 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 634-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

G. F. Springer ◽

H. G. Schwick ◽

M. A. Fletcher

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Acid Content ◽

Molecular Size ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Removal of O-acetylated sialic acids from rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins by cell-free extracts of rat faeces

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o83-111 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 868-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. Poon ◽

P. E. Reid ◽

C. W. Ramey ◽

W. L. Dunn ◽

M. G. Clay

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Side Chain ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Vibrio Cholera ◽

Sterile Cell

Sterile, cell-free, extracts of freshly defaecated Wistar rat faeces in a pH 7.0 "minimal medium" contain neuraminidase(s), capable of removing sialic acids both with and without side-chain substituents from bovine submandibular mucin and rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins, and an esterase which removes O-acetyl substituents from the side chain of sialic acid residues. Studies of the removal of sialic acids from bovine submandibular mucin and rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins indicated that (i) the faecal enzymes removed a greater proportion of the sialic acid of both the de-O-acetylated and native glycoproteins than was removed with Vibrio cholera neuraminidase, (ii) sialic acids were removed more rapidly from de-O-acetylated glycoproteins, and (iii) the resistance to removal of sialic acids was apparently dependent at least in part upon the O-acetyl sialic acid content of the substrate.

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Sialoglycoproteins and sialic acids ofPlasmodium knowlesischizont-infected erythrocytes and normal rhesus monkey erythrocytes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000065422 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 527-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. J. Howard ◽

G. Reuter ◽

J. W. Barnwell ◽

R. Schauer

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Acid Content ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Galactose Oxidase ◽

Parasite Development ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Total Sialic Acid ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARYThe effects of malaria infection on RBC sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins were studied with asexual blood-stage infections ofPlasmodium knowlesiin rhesus monkeys. Glycoprotein radio-isotope labelling methods were used to compare the sialoglycoproteins of normal RBC andP. knowlesischizont-infected RBC (SI-RBC). Tritiation of glycoproteins from SI-RBC with the standard sialidase + galactose oxidase/NaB3H4method or standard periodate/NaB3H4method was significantly decreased when compared to normal RBC. However, tritium uptake into glycoproteins was normal when SI-RBC were treated with 5-fold higher concentrations of both enzymes in the first labelling method, or with a 5-fold increase in the molar ratio of periodate to sialic acid in the second method. The mobility of tritiated host cell glycoproteins on SDS–polyacrylamide gels was identical for SI-RBC and normal RBC. New bands, possibly glycoproteins, of 230, 160, 90, 52, and 30 kDa were detected after labelling SI-RBC by the modified periodate/NaB3H4method. Sialic acid analysis of normal rhesus monkey RBC (62μg/1010RBC) revealed that 46% of the total sialic acid wasN-glycolylneuraminic acid, 33% wasN-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, and the remainderN-acetylneuraminic acid. SI-RBC collected either directly from infected monkeys or afterin vitroculture of ring-infected RBC in horse serum, had increased total sialic acid (126 or 115μg/1010RBC, respectively). The sialic acid content of infected RBC must increase during parasite development since RBC infected with ring-stageP. knowlesihad the same content as normal RBC. There was no significant difference in the ratio of the three sialic acids of SI-RBC and normal RBC. In contrast, the uninfected RBC from infected blood of different monkeys showed marked variation in sialic acid composition and generally had a lower sialic acid content than normal RBC.

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The relationship between sialic acid content and peanut agglutinin binding on senescent and enzyme treated human erythrocytes

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development ◽

10.1016/0047-6374(85)90023-5 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Skutelsky ◽

Y. Marikovsky ◽

L. Cividalli ◽

D. Danon

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Peanut Agglutinin ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

The Relationship

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Sialic Acid Content of Red Blood Cells from Protein-Calorie Malnourished Children and During Recovery, and from Normal Children and Adults

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y73-130 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 853-858

Author(s):

C. Contreras ◽

F. E. Viteri

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Red Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Red Cell ◽

Normal Children ◽

Sialic Acid Content

Sialic acids were measured in the red cells of two groups of subjects. One group consisted of 12 children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition (P.C.M.); six of them were followed longitudinally throughout the recovery period. The control group included 28 normal children and 11 normal adults. All subjects were studied hematologically and the sialic acid content of the red cells was determined in three layers of erythrocytes, separated according to their density by ultracentrifugation. The results indicate that there are no alterations in the content of sialic acids in the red cells of children with severe P.C.M. Furthermore, they show that the sialic acid content of the red cell is not influenced by various levels of red cell folates nor by differences in the concentration of serum proteins, serum iron, percentage saturation of transferrin, serum folates, or serum vitamin B12.

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Erythrocyte membrane bound and plasma sialic acid during aging

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0207-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dileep Kumar ◽

Syed Rizvi

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Acid Content ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Negative Surface ◽

Negative Surface Charge ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Bulk Charge

AbstractSialic acid, a nine-carbon sugar, is an acetylated derivative of neuraminic acid predominantly found in vertebrates, a few higher invertebrates, and certain types of bacteria. Red blood cells (RBCs) have a net negative surface charge and this bulk charge is due to ionized sialic acid. Decreased surface charge and sialic acid content have been reported in older erythrocytes, and it is postulated that the decreased electro-negativity may be related to cell senescence. In the present study we report the RBC and plasma sialic acid content during aging in rats. Our results show a significant decrease in RBC sialic acid content and increase in plasma sialic acid as a function of rat aging. The decreased sialic acid in erythrocyte membrane with increasing rat age presents a good biomarker of the aging process. The elevated plasma sialic acid may be a manifestation of several factors including increased expression of acute phase proteins and increased damage to various organs.

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Decrease in erythrocyte glycophorin sialic acid content is associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation in human diabetes

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0820309 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Mark E. Rogers ◽

Dean T. Williams ◽

Ratnam Niththyananthan ◽

Michael W. Rampling ◽

Kirsten E. Heslop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Normal Control ◽

Acid Content ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Membrane Glycoproteins ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Suspension Viscosity

1. Sialic acid moieties of erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins are the principal determinants of the negative charge on the cell surface. The resultant electrostatic repulsion between the cells reduces erythrocyte aggregation and hence the low shear rate viscosity and yield stress of blood. 2. Using g.c.–m.s., a decrease in sialic acid content has been observed in the major erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein, glycophorin A, obtained from nine diabetic patients compared with that from seven normal control subjects [median (range): 3.30 (0.01–11.90) versus 18.60 (3.20–32.60) μg/100 μg of protein, P<0.02]. 3. Erythrocyte aggregation, measured by viscometry as the ratio of suspension viscosity to supernatant viscosity (Ls/S) in fibrinogen solution, was increased in ten diabetic patients compared with ten normal control subjects (mean ± sem, 37.6 ± 1.3 versus 33.8 ± 0.6, P<0.02). 4. In the patients in whom both viscometry and carbohydrate analysis were performed, the decrease in erythrocyte glycophorin sialylation and the increase in erythrocyte aggregation in fibrinogen solution were related statistically(LS/S correlated negatively with glycophorin sialic acid content, r = 0.73, P <0.05). 5. Decreased glycophorin sialylation provides an explanation at the molecular level for increased erythrocyte aggregation and it may be important in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes.

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Sialic Acids in Human Gastric Aspirates: Detection of 9-O-Lactyl- and 9-O-Acetyl-N-Acetylneuraminic Acids and a Decrease in Total Sialic Acid Concentration with Age

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0840573 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 573-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A. P. Corfield ◽

S. A. Wagner ◽

A. Safe ◽

R. A. Mountford ◽

J. R. Clamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Acid Content ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Total Sialic Acid ◽

Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis

1. The total sialic acid content of human gastric aspirates was measured using a colorimetric assay. Care was taken to optimize the assay and to eliminate interference. 2. The sialic acid content of gastric aspirates collected under resting conditions from 77 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia was found to decrease with age from >100 μg/ml at 25 years and younger to <20 μg/ml above 70 years of age. 3. Analysis of the sialic acids by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography showed the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid and two O-acylated derivatives, 9-O-acetyl- and 9-O-lactyl-N-acetylneuraminic acids. These forms were predominantly glycosidically bound. 4. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of individual aspirate samples showed that the O-acetylated sialic acids were present in all samples, with a maximum of 25% and a minimum of 5% of the total sialic acids.

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