scholarly journals T-Cell and Antibody Responses to Mycobacterial Antigens in Tuberculin Skin-Test-PositiveBos indicusandBos taurusCattle in Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Paul Cockle ◽  
Konstantin Lyashchenko ◽  
Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigen ◽  
Multiple Antigen ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

Higher IFN-γresponses to mycobacterial antigens were observed inBos taurus(Holsteins) than inBos indicus(Zebu) cattle which could due to differences in antigen recognition profiles between the two breeds. The present study was conducted to evaluate mycobacterial antigen recognition profiles of the two breeds. Twenty-three mycobacterial antigens were tested on 46 skin test positive (24 Zebu and 22 Holstein) using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and multiple antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Herds from which the study cattle obtained were tested for Fasciola antibody. The T cells from both breeds recognized most of the mycobacterial antigens at lower and comparable frequencies. However, antigens such as CFP-10, ESAT-6, Rv0287, Rv0288, MPB87, Acr-2, Rv3616c, and Rv3879c were recognized at higher frequencies in zebu while higher frequencies of T cell responses were observed to Hsp65 in both breeds. Furthermore, comparable antibody responses were observed in both breeds; MPB83 being the sero-dominant antigen in both breeds. The prevalence of Fasciola antibody was 81% and similar in both breeds. This piece of work could not lead to a definitive conclusion if there are differences in mycobacterial recognition profiles between the two breeds warranting for further similar studies using sound sample size from the two breeds.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Cunha Issa ◽  
Wilham Jorge ◽  
José Robson Bezerra Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Paternal Line

The objective of this work was to characterize Pantaneiro cattle genetically through its paternal ancestry by the morphology of the Y chromosome, whether submetacentric or acrocentric, as well as to identify the maternal ancestry through mitochondrial DNA. The karyotype and mitochondrial DNA of 12 bulls of Pantaneiro breed were analyzed. The Y chromosome was analyzed in lymphocyte metaphases and the mitochondrial DNA by diagnosing its haplotype (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Among Pantaneiro animals analyzed three had a taurine (submetacentric) Y and nine had a zebuine (acrocentric) Y chromosome, suggesting breed contamination by Zebu cattle, once Pantaneiro is considered to be of European origin. The mitochondrial DNA was exclusively of taurine origin, indicating that the participation of zebuines in the formation of the breed occurred entirely through the paternal line.

scholarly journals Whole genome characterization of autochthonous Bos taurus brachyceros and introduced Bos indicus indicus cattle breeds in Cameroon regarding their adaptive phenotypic traits and pathogen resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archile Eric paguem ◽  
Babette Abanda ◽  
Mbunkah Daniel Achukwi ◽  
Praveen Baskaran ◽  
Stefan Czemmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Taurine Breed ◽  
Taurine Cattle

Abstract BackgroundWest African indigenous taurine cattle display unique adaptive traits shaped by husbandry management, regional climate and exposure to endemic pathogens. They are less productive with respect to milk and meat production which has been associated with a number of factors, amongst others small size, traditional beliefs and husbandry practices. This resulted in the severe dwindling of their populations size rendering them vulnerable to extinction. The Namchi (Doayo) taurine cattle breed has documented resistance traits against trypanosome infection and exposure to tick infestation. Nonetheless, the historically later introduced Zebu cattle are the main cattle breeds in Africa today, even though they suffer more from locally prevailing pathogens. By using a reference-based whole genome sequencing approach, we sequenced for the first time the genomes of five cattle breeds from Cameroon: the Namchi (Doayo), an endangered trypanotolerant taurine breed, the Kapsiki, an indigenous trypanosusceptible taurine breed, and three Zebu (Bos indicus indicus) breeds: Ngaoundere Gudali, White Fulani and Red Fulani.ResultsApproximately 167 Giga bases of raw sequencing data were generated and mapped to the cattle reference genome UMD3.1. The coverage was 22 to 30-fold. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared with reference genomes of European Bos taurus Holstein and of Asian Bos indicus Brahman and the African trypanotolerant N’Dama breeds.Of a total of 50 million SNPs identified, 3.43 million were breed-specific ranging from 0.37 to 0.47 million SNPs in the domestic Cameroonian breeds and approximately 0.58 million constituted of small insertions and deletions. We identified breed specific-non-synonymous variants as genetic traits that could explain certain cattle-breed specific phenotypes such as increased tolerance against trypanosome parasites in the Namchi (Doayo) breed, heat tolerance in the Kapsiki breed, and growth, metabolism and meat quality in the Gudali breeds. Phylogenetic comparison grouped Namchi (Doayo) to the African Zebu clade indicating a hybrid status of the selected animal with a Zebu breed, albeit it showed the Namchi breed’s phenotype.ConclusionsThe findings provide the first comprehensive set of full genome variant data of the most important Cameroonian cattle breeds. The genomic data shall constitute a foundation for breed amelioration whilst exploiting the heritable traits and support conservation efforts for the endangered local cattle breeds.

Phenotypic characterization of the Saudi Arabian Hassawi cattle breed

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Farming Families

SummaryHassawi cattle breed is a mix of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. The cattle are raised in the Eastern province of the country by farming families in mixed farming system. The breed numbers are declining very fast, from 10 449 head in 1986 to an estimated maximum of 4 500 head at present.The decrease is mainly due to replacement by exotic breeds, the indiscriminate crossing with these exotics, particularly in view of the scarcity of the Hassawi bulls for mating. Animals are small in size, mature body weight 210-270 kg for bulls and 150-200 kg for cows, quite uniform in colour (light red) and body conformation have conspicuously reduced dewlap and umbilical folds and relatively large hump. Animals are heat tolerant, sustain high feed intake under ambient temperature, resistant to many diseases prevailing in the region and cows have good mothering ability. Productivity of the breed in terms of meat and milk is low when compared to that of exotics in high input production environments, but reproduction performance excels that of temperate breeds and zebu cattle.Efforts should be made to stop the decline in the breed numbers and to conserve the breed as an asset for production under harsh environment.

scholarly journals Microsatellite DNA Variation and the Evolution, Domestication and Phylogeography of Taurine and Zebu Cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus)

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E MacHugh ◽  
Mark D Shriver ◽  
Ronan T Loftus ◽  
Patrick Cunningham ◽  
Daniel G Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Taurine Cattle

Genetic variation at 20 microsatellite loci was surveyed to determine the evolutionary relationships and molecular biogeography of 20 different cattle populations from Africa, Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic reconstruction and multivariate analysis highlighted a marked distinction between humpless (taurine) and humped (zebu) cattle, providing strong support for a separate origin for domesticated zebu cattle. A molecular clock calculation using bison (Bison sp.) as an outgroup gave an estimated divergence time between the two subspecies of 610,000-850,000 years. Substantial differences in the distribution of alleles at 10 of these loci were observed between zebu and taurine cattle. These markers subsequently proved very useful for investigations of gene flow and admixture in African populations. When these data were considered in conjunction with previous mitochondrial and Y chromosomal studies, a distinctive male-mediated pattern of zebu genetic introgression was revealed. The introgression of zebu-specific alleles in African cattle afforded a high resolution perspective on the hybrid nature of African cattle populations and also suggested that certain West African populations of valuable disease-tolerant taurine cattle are under threat of genetic absorption by migrating zebu herds.

scholarly journals Identificación de ADN mitocondrial Bos taurus en poblaciones de ganado Cebú Brahman colombiano

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Gloria Patricia Barrera ◽  
Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Manuel Fernando Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Dna Fragment

<p>El continente americano fue colonizado en el siglo XVI por los europeos quienes introdujeron por primera vez el ganado bovino de origen <em>Bos taurus</em>. La introducción de ganado <em>Bos indicus </em>ocurrió muchos años después, con las primeras importaciones desde la India, las cuales incluyeron principalmente machos. Con el fin de estudiar la participación de hembras <em>Bos taurus </em>en el origen del ganado Cebú colombiano, se secuenció un fragmento del ADN mitocondrial de 374 pb (<em>D-Loop</em>) en seis animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano y 20 individuos representativos de las cinco razas criollas colombianas: seis de Blanco Orejinegro (BON), cinco de Costeño con  Cuernos (CCC), tres de Romosinuano (ROMO), cuatro de Casanareño (CAS) y dos de San Martinero (SM). Adicionalmente, para el mismo fragmento se secuenciaron dos individuos de la raza española Pirenaica, como referente <em>Bos taurus</em>. La comparación de las secuencias reveló que los animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano analizados presentaron ADN mitocondrial de origen taurino con mayor cercanía respecto de las razas criollas de origen <em>Bos taurus </em>europeo que con relación a las secuencias consenso <em>Bos indicus</em>, frente a las que se hallaron mayores divergencias. Adicionalmente, las divergencias de las razas criollas colombianas con respecto al consenso <em>Bos taurus </em>europeo variaron entre 0,005 y 0,014, resultado que sugiere la participación de matrilineajes <em>Bos taurus </em>en el origen del Cebú Brahman colombiano.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Identification of mitochondrial DNA of Bos taurus origin in Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle </strong></p><p>The American continent was colonised in the XVI century by the Europeans who introduced the Bos taurus cattle. The introduction of Bos indicus cattle was done a few years later with cattle from India, mainly males. In order to study the participation of Bos Taurus females in the origin of the Colombian Zebu cattle, a 374 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment was sequenced (D-Loop) in six animals belonging to Colombian Zebu Brahman breed and 20 individuals representative of he five Colombian native breeds: 6 of Blanco Orejinegro (BON), five of Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), three of Romosinuano (ROMO), four of Casanareño (CAS) and two of San Martinero (SM). As a reference to Bos taurus, two individuals of the Spanish Pirenaica breed were also sequenced for the same fragment. Comparison between sequences revealed that the Zebu Brahman cattle has mitochondrial DNA of Bos Taurus origin and closer to the native breeds of Spanish origin. Although described as Bos indicus, it showed the lowest genetic divergence when compared with the consensus sequence of European Bos taurus. The genetic divergences of the Colombian native breeds compared with the European Bos Taurus ranged between 0.005 and 0.014. This suggests the participation of Bos taurus matrilineages in the origin of the Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle.</p>

scholarly journals Production and Reproduction Performance of Sahiwal and HF × Sahiwal Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sai Prasanna ◽  
S.T. Viroji Rao ◽  
M. Gnana Prakash ◽  
Suresh Rathod ◽  
P. Kalyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Sahiwal Cows

Background: Milk production is one of the most important economic traits in dairy cattle. Crossing of zebu cattle (Bos indicus) with temperate cattle breeds (Bos taurus) was undertaken to improve the milk production in India. Crossbreeding has resulted in improved production performance of the dairy animlas over the past few decades. Methods: Data on 50 purebred Sahiwal cows from the Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and 50 Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal crossbred cows maintained at the Military Dairy Farm, Secunderabad were utilized to study the influence of breed and parity on various production and reproduction traits. The various traits studied were: Total lactation milk yield (TLMY) Lactation length (LL), Peak yield (PY), Age at first service (AFS), Age at first calving (AFC), Gestation period (GP), Service period (SP), Dry period (DP) and Calving interval (Cl). Result: In the present study, significant effect of breed was found on the TLMY and PY with the crossbreds recording higher values for both the traits. The means for TLMY, PY, LL, GP, SP, DP and CI were 1768.32±109.67 kg, 10.17±0.50 kg, 304.41±13.00 days, 277.71±2.24 days, 182.60±15.51 days, 167.47±10.68 days and 430.23±13.46 days in Sahiwal and 2983.45±78.32 kg, 14.92±0.36 kg, 324.71±9.29 days, 275.34 days, 181.09±10.91 days, 127.01±7.51, 413.61±9.47 days in crossbred cows respectively. It may be concluded that the productive performance of crossbred cows was better than that of indigenous cows.

Current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds of Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Al-Atiyat ◽  
R.S. Aljumaah ◽  
A.M. Abudabos ◽  
A.A. Alghamdi ◽  
A.S. Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Conservation Plan

SummaryThis study aims to evaluate the current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A survey was executed in five regions of the KSA. We recorded population sizes, phenotypes and rearing conditions. TaurineBos taurusand zebuBos indicuspopulations were found. The zebu cattle include two breeds; the Hassawi and the Janobi. The Hassawi breed was found in the eastern region and it is in decreasing number. It may become extinct soon in the absence of conservation plan. Janobi remains common with thousand animals in the south-western part of the country. Only one indigenous taurine cow, showing no phenotypic evidence of zebu introgression, was found in the Central region of KSA (Najd Plateau). This cow might be the last pure indigenous Saudi Arabia taurine animal and therefore, the breed is now close to extinction. We advocate the urgency to design conservation plan for the indigenous livestock of the KSA and to complement these with phenotypic as well as genotypic information.

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