scholarly journals On-Farm Mitigation of Transmission of Tuberculosis from White-Tailed Deer to Cattle: Literature Review and Recommendations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Walter ◽  
Charles W. Anderson ◽  
Rick Smith ◽  
Mike Vanderklok ◽  
James J. Averill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Present State ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Us ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Published Research

The Animal Industry Division of the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) has been challenged with assisting farmers with modifying farm practices to reduce potential for exposure toMycobacterium bovisfrom wildlife to cattle. The MDARD recommendations for on-farm risk mitigation practices were developed from experiences in the US, UK and Ireland and a review of the scientific literature. The objectives of our study were to review the present state of knowledge onM. bovisexcretion, transmission, and survival in the environment and the interactions of wildlife and cattle with the intention of determining if the current recommendations by MDARD on farm practices are adequate and to identify additional changes to farm practices that may help to mitigate the risk of transmission. This review will provide agencies with a comprehensive summary of the scientific literature on mitigation of disease transmission between wildlife and cattle and to identify lacunae in published research.

Economic feasibility of mobile processing units for small-scale pasture poultry farmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Angioloni ◽  
Genti Kostandini ◽  
Walid Q. Alali ◽  
Corliss A. O'Bryan
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe use of mobile processing units (MPUs) for pasture poultry is growing rapidly. This study compared the economic feasibility of MPUs to two processing alternatives, traditional stationary processing on-farm plants and off-farm processing facilities. Our study combined a survey of pasture poultry farmers in Georgia, Louisiana, and Arkansas with the published research. Our findings suggest that MPUs and traditional on-farm processing alternatives have a lower processing cost, but that they require a higher initial investment than the off-farm option. In addition, off-farm processing at the United States Department of Agriculture-inspected facility allows selling products for a higher price. We therefore expect, on average, a higher per-bird profit than with the other two options. However, the excess processing capacity of the MPU can make this option the most profitable.

Substitute or complementary

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-546
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Sayed Saghaian ◽  
Mark Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Linear Probability ◽  
On Farm

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between US farmers’ adoption of organic farming and direct marketing, both of which are increasingly important practices in the US agricultural and food sector. In addition, the effects of the two practices on farm income are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach The research uses the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey from the US Department of Agriculture. Farmers’ adoption of the two practices is modeled with a simultaneous linear probability model, which accounts for the possible linkage between the adoption of the two practices in farmers’ decision-making process. Farm income is modeled with a linear regression model, accounting for the possible endogeneity of the adoption of the two practices. Findings The main finding is that farmers’ adoption of organic farming decreases their probability of adopting direct marketing, whereas the reverse effect is insignificant. In addition, organic farming helps to improve gross farm income, whereas the effect of direct marketing is insignificant. Practical implications These results facilitate better coordination among numerous government programs aimed at promoting organic farming or direct marketing in the US. Originality/value This paper extends previous literature by specifically accounting for the possible linkage between farmers’ adoption of organic farming and direct marketing, and demonstrates that farmers do not make the decision to adopt one particular practice in isolation.

On the use of leading safety indicators in maritime and their feasibility for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships

2021 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2110276
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wróbel ◽  
Mateusz Gil ◽  
Przemysław Krata ◽  
Karol Olszewski ◽  
Jakub Montewka
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Intact Stability ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Operational Aspects

Although the safety of prospective Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will largely depend on their ability to detect potential hazards and react to them, the contemporary scientific literature lacks the analysis of how to achieve this. This could be achieved through an application of leading safety indicators. The aim of the performed study was to identify the research directions of leading safety indicators in three safety-critical operational aspects of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: collision avoidance, intact stability, and communication. To achieve this, literature review is performed, taking into account scientific documents including journal and conference papers. The results indicate that the need for establishing operational leading safety indicators is recognized by numerous scholars, who sometimes make suggestions of what the set of indicators shall consist of. Some leading safety indicators for autonomous vessels are readily identifiable in the scientific literature and used in current practice. However, the research effort is lacking a holistic approach to the issue.

Description and implementation of an On-farm Wildlife Risk Mitigation Protocol at the wildlife-livestock interface: Tuberculosis in Mediterranean environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 105346
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Guijosa ◽  
Jose Francisco Lima-Barbero ◽  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
David Cano-Terriza ◽  
Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mediterranean Environments ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals The double-sided effects of Mycobacterium Bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Li ◽  
Lingjun Zhan ◽  
Chuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Mycobacterial Diseases ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine proven to be effective against tuberculosis (TB), is the most commonly used vaccine globally. In addition to its effects on mycobacterial diseases, an increasing amount of epidemiological and experimental evidence accumulated since its introduction in 1921 has shown that BCG also exerts non-specific effects against a number of diseases, such as non-mycobacterial infections, allergies and certain malignancies. Recent Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put BCG, a classic vaccine with significant non-specific protection, into the spotlight again. This literature review briefly covers the diverse facets of BCG vaccine, providing new perspectives in terms of specific and non-specific protection mechanisms of this old, multifaceted, and controversial vaccine.

Bringing it home: learning to index books by correspondence

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
Shirley Manley ◽  
Norma Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Correspondence Study

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Graduate School Correspondence Study Program offers two indexing courses. Over 2,600 students have enroled in these courses since their inception.

Principal operators' farm risk attitudes in hot and cold climates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zia Wahdat ◽  
Michael Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Ordered Logit ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe study investigates whether there is an association between climate types and farm risk attitudes of principal operators.Design/methodology/approachThe study exploits temperature variation in the diverse climate types across the US and defines hot- and cold-climate states. Ordered logit and generalized ordered logit models are used to model principal operators' farm risk attitudes, which are measured on a Likert scale. The study uses two datasets. The first dataset is a 2017 survey of US large commercial producers (LCPs). The second dataset provides a Köppen-Geiger climate classification of the US at a spatial resolution of 5 arcmin for a 25-year period (1986–2010).FindingsThe study finds that principal operators in hot-climate states are 4–5% more likely to have a higher willingness to take farm risk compared to principal operators in cold-climate states.Research limitations/implicationsIt is likely that farm risk mitigation decisions differ between hot- and cold-climate states. For instance, the authors show that corn acres' enrollment in federal crop insurance and computers' usage for farm business are pursued more intensely in cold-climate states than in hot-climate states. A differentiation of farm risk attitude by hot- and cold-climate states may help agribusiness, the government and economists in their farm product offerings, farm risk management programs and agricultural finance models, respectively.Originality/valueBased on Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the study introduces hot- and cold-climate concepts to understand the relationship between climate types and principal operators' farm risk attitudes.

Systematic Literature Review of the Natural Environment of the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, from a Conservation Perspective

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Zakharovskyi ◽  
Károly Németh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Silver Mineralization

This research presents a literature review of published scientific literature on the Coromandel Peninsula, a well-known region of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It contains many biological, geological, and historical features and is well known for beautiful scenery, resulting from a volcanic rock-dominated terrestrial environment influenced by oceanic factors at the coast. All these factors have combined to make the Coromandel a popular tourism destination for New Zealanders and offshore visitors. In researching the current state of knowledge of the region, we searched three scientific databases to define the main ways of studying the region. The results demonstrated a high interest in biological and environmental factors, reflected in the type and scale of conservation measures applied to flora and fauna of the region. Additionally, specificity of geological evolution was a highly examined subject, in the context of hydrothermal alteration as related to gold and silver mineralization resulting in extensive exploration and mining. Meanwhile, indigenous cultural aspects of the land were not recognizable as expected within Western scientific literature, even though the region contains sites recognized as some of the earliest Māori habitations. Therefore, we suggest future studies to expand our understanding of scientific, cultural, and social aspects of the region as applied to the field of conservation in the region.

scholarly journals Institutional Collaboration on MOOCs in Education—A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Mette Nortvig ◽  
René B Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Institutional Collaboration ◽  
The Us ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Learning

<p class="3">This literature review seeks to outline the state of the art regarding collaboration between educational institutions on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) launched in Europe and in the US for the past 10 years. The review explores enablers and barriers that influence national institutional MOOC collaboration, and looks into how existing knowledge about institutional collaboration on e-learning can be used in MOOC collaboration. The review is based on a literature search in databases and on snowballing techniques. It concludes that collaboration on MOOCs can be advantageous in terms of ensuring quality and innovation in the common learning designs, and that—in order to succeed—such projects need strategic and institutional support from all partners involved. Moreover, the review points out barriers concerning the reluctance of individual institutions to engage in national collaboration due to fear of potential loss of their own national branding and the teachers’ hesitancy or passive resistance to new educational platforms and formats.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document