scholarly journals Peripheral Leukocytapheresis Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Induced by LipopolysaccharideIn Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhi-Gao He ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Shun-Gang Zhou ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Fang-Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Elastase Level

The mortality of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) remains high and efforts for prevention and treatments have shown little improvement over the past decades. The present study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) to partially eliminate peripheral neutrophils and attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in dogs. A total of 24 healthy male mongrel dogs were enrolled and randomly divided into LPS, LCAP and LCAP-sham groups. All animals were injected with LPS to induce endotoxemia. The serum levels of leucocytes, neutrophil elastase, arterial blood gas, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 in lung tissues were measured. The histopathology and parenchyma apoptosis of lung tissues were examined. We found that 7, 3, and 7 animals in the LPS, LCAP, and sham-LCAP groups, respectively, developed ALI 36 h after LPS infusion. The levels of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue, neutrophils and elastase in blood, decreased significantly following LCAP. LCAP also alleviated apoptosis, and NF-κB p65 in lung tissues. Collectively, our results show that partial removal of leucocytes from peripheral blood decreases elastase level in serum. This, in turn, attenuates lung injuries and may potentially decrease the incidence of ALI.

scholarly journals Effect of Recruitment and Body Positioning on Lung Volume and Oxygenation in Acute Lung Injury Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Ryu ◽  
J.-H. Bahk ◽  
H.-J. Lee ◽  
J.-G. Im
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Recruitment Manoeuvre ◽  
Prone Positioning ◽  
Dependent Lung ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

The mechanism of oxygenation improvement after recruitment manoeuvres or prone positioning in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome is still unclear. We tried to determine the mechanism responsible for the effects of recruitment manoeuvres or prone positioning on lung aeration using a whole lung computed tomography scan in an oleic acid induced acute lung injury canine model. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were allocated into either the supine group (n=6) or the prone group (n = 6). After the establishment of acute lung injury, three recruitment manoeuvres were performed at one-hour intervals. Haemodynamic and ventilatory variables, arterial blood gas analyses and CT scans of the whole lung were obtained 90 minutes after oleic acid injection and five minutes before and after each recruitment manoeuvre. Recruitment manoeuvres in the supine position improved oxygenation (P=0.025) that correlated with increase of the poorly- and well-aerated dorsal (dependent) lung volume (r=0.436, P=0.016). Prone positioning increased oxygenation (P=0.004) that also correlated with increase of the poorly- and well-aerated dorsal (nondependent) lung volume (r=0.787, P <0.001). However, the recruitment manoeuvre in the prone position had no effect on oxygenation despite an increase in ventral (dependent) lung volume. The increase in PO2 after recruitment manoeuvres in the supine position or after prone positioning is related to the increase of the poorly- and well-aerated dorsal lung.

scholarly journals Somatostatin Reduces the Acute Lung Injury of Mice via Increasing the Affinity of Glucocorticoid Receptor

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Ren-Ping Xiong ◽  
Xing-Yun Chen ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lung Injuries

Background/Aims: Although it has been reported that somatostatin (SOM) upregulated the level of 90-kD heat shock protein (Hsp90), which participates in the inflammatory regulation by its client proteins, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR), it remains unclear if it has a protective role against acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: ALI model was established by the injection of oleic acid (OA) into the tail vein of mice. Lung injury was assessed by histological analysis, lung water content and arterial blood gases. The levels of Hsp90 and GR, the binding capacity and the affinity of GR were examined. Results: It was showed that pretreatment with SOM significantly increased Hsp90 levels and alleviated lung injuries in OA-injected mice. Furthermore, SOM increased the GR expression and improved the affinity of the GR in animals with lung injury. However, little alteration was found in the maximum binding capacity of the GR in mice with or without SOM. Conclusion: The data indicate SOM exerts a protective effect by increasing Hsp90 abundant and further enhancing the affinity of the GR. The beneficial effects of SOM treatment provide a new strategy for modulation of GR efficiency and alleviation of acute lung injury.

scholarly journals Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Seawater-Exposure-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy in Lung Tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-ping Liu ◽  
Dang-xia Zhou ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Luo Ling ◽  
Chang-gui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Seawater drowning can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Several studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) treatment could attenuate ALI. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon still remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether BMSC treatment can ameliorate seawater-induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms in a rat model. In this study, arterial blood gas, lung weight coefficient, and TNF-α, and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as histopathology examination, were used to detect the lung injury of seawater exposure. Moreover, western blot and RT-PCR were used to explore autophagy in lung tissues. The results demonstrated that seawater exposure induced ALI including impaired arterial blood gas, pulmonary edema, histopathologic changes, and inflammatory response in lung tissues. What is more, these changes were partly ameliorated by BMSC treatment through inhibition of autophagy in lung tissues. The application of BMSC may be a potential effective treatment for seawater-induced ALI.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury through Promoting Gastrointestinal Motility in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Shi-Feng Zhu ◽  
Rong-Rong Zhang ◽  
Xian-Lin Zhao ◽  
Mei-Hua Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Arterial Blood

Objective. Gastrointestinal disfunction and acute lung injury (ALI) were common in acute pancreatitis (AP). The effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal motility and ALI in rats with AP was investigated to verify the theory of “lung and large intestine are interior exteriorly related” in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, and EA group. AP model was established by three injections of 20% L-arginine at 1 h intervals. EA were applied to bilateral ST-25 and ST-36 for 30 minutes twice a day after modeling for 3 days. Arterial blood, pancreas, lung, and intestinal tissues were collected for detecting the inflammatory factors and histopathology. Intestinal propulsion rate (IPR) was also measured at 72 h.Results. EA treatment improved IPR and increased CCK-8 level compared with model group (P< 0.05). It lowered the serum levels of TNF-αand IL-6 and increased the level of IL-4 with no effect on IL-10. EA treatment reduced serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in the lung and the pathologic scores of pancreas, lung and intestine were decreased (P< 0.05).Conclusion. EA treatment could promote gastrointestinal motility through inhibiting VIP, and promoting CCK expression and regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to ameliorate ALI in AP.

scholarly journals Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 complicated by ARDS due to TRALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e239762
Author(s):  
Kevin Y Wang ◽  
Pratik Shah ◽  
Matthew Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Convalescent plasma, which contains antibodies from recovered individuals, has been used as an effective treatment for infectious diseases in the past and is currently being used as a potential treatment option for COVID-19. Multiple studies have reported this treatment to be safe. We report a case of a patient who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with features suggestive of transfusion-related acute lung injury after being treated with convalescent plasma for COVID-19. We emphasise the need to be aware of the potential risk of transfusion reactions and disease worsening with convalescent plasma administration and to weigh the risk and benefits of this therapy before administration to patients and propose that further study be done regarding the potential risks of convalescent plasma.

scholarly journals Extravascular Lung Water and Acute Lung Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Extravascular Lung Water ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Chest Auscultation

Acute lung injury carries a high burden of morbidity and mortality and is characterised by nonhydrostatic pulmonary oedema. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of accurate quantification of extravascular lung water in diagnosis, management, and prognosis in “acute lung injury” and “acute respiratory distress syndrome”. Several studies have verified the accuracy of both the single and the double transpulmonary thermal indicator techniques. Both experimental and clinical studies were searched in PUBMED using the term “extravascular lung water” and “acute lung injury”. Extravascular lung water measurement offers information not otherwise available by other methods such as chest radiography, arterial blood gas, and chest auscultation at the bedside. Recent data have highlighted the role of extravascular lung water in response to treatment to guide fluid therapy and ventilator strategies. The quantification of extravascular lung water may predict mortality and multiorgan dysfunction. The limitations of the dilution method are also discussed.

scholarly journals Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Ambroxol Combined with Methylprednisolone in Patients with Acute Lung Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Weiwei Su ◽  
Qinglian Dong ◽  
Fangfang Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. There is no better treatment method towards paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI) at present. Ambroxol combined with methylprednisolone exhibits a significant improvement effect on ALI treatment, whereas their mechanism in ALI is still unclear. Methods. 64 patients with ALI caused by paraquat poisoning brought to our hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were selected. They were separated into a combined treatment group (CTG) and a routine treatment group (RTG) on the basis of different treatment methods. The survival of patients was observed after 7 days of treatment. Arterial blood gas, oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), patient’s spontaneous respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were observed before and after treatment for 7 days. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were analyzed. The differences of indexes between the dead patients and the survivors were observed, and the potential predictive value of death was analyzed. Results. After treatment, the indexes of patients were significantly improved in both groups compared with those before therapy. Further comparison showed that the improvement of PaO2, PaCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 in CTG was obviously higher than that in RTG ( p < 0.05 ). The improvement of RR, PEEP, and VT in CTG was obviously higher than that in RTG ( p < 0.05 ). The decreased degree of IL-6 and TNF-α in CTG was higher than that in RTG ( p < 0.05 ). The 7-day mortality rate of 64 patients was 39.06%, and there was no obvious difference in the 7-day survival rate in both groups ( p = 0.649 ). IL-6 and TNF-α were expected to be potential prediction indexes of paraquat-induced ALI. Conclusion. Ambroxol combined with methylprednisolone significantly improved the oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index of patients with paraquat-induced ALI and inhibited the inflammatory response of patients.

scholarly journals What Tidal Volumes Should Be Used in Patients without Acute Lung Injury?

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J. Schultz ◽  
Jack J. Haitsma ◽  
Arthur S. Slutsky ◽  
Ognjen Gajic ◽  
David C. Warltier
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ventilator Management ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Mechanical ventilation practice has changed over the past few decades, with tidal volumes (VT) decreasing significantly, especially in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Patients without acute lung injury are still ventilated with large--and perhaps too large--VT. Studies of ventilator-associated lung injury in subjects without ALI demonstrate inconsistent results. Retrospective clinical studies, however, suggest that the use of large VT favors the development of lung injury in these patients. Side effects associated with the use of lower VT in patients with ALI seem to be minimal. Assuming that this will be the case in patients without ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome too, the authors suggest that the use of lower VT should be considered in all mechanically ventilated patients whether they have ALI or not. Prospective studies should be performed to evaluate optimal ventilator management strategies for patients without ALI.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Treatment Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10933
Author(s):  
Qianying Lu ◽  
Siyu Huang ◽  
Xiangyan Meng ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
Sifan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
New Ideas

Phosgene (COCl2) was once used as a classic suffocation poison and currently plays an essential role in industrial production. Due to its high toxicity, the problem of poisoning caused by leakage during production, storage, and use cannot be ignored. Phosgene mainly acts on the lungs, causing long-lasting respiratory depression, refractory pulmonary edema, and other related lung injuries, which may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome or even death in severe cases. Due to the high mortality, poor prognosis, and frequent sequelae, targeted therapies for phosgene exposure are needed. However, there is currently no specific antidote for phosgene poisoning. This paper reviews the literature on the mechanism and treatment strategies to explore new ideas for the treatment of phosgene poisoning.

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