scholarly journals Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Approaches for Improving Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis: Theoretical Considerations and Current State of Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cali F. Bartholomeusz ◽  
Kelly Allott
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State

Improving functional outcome, in addition to alleviating psychotic symptoms, is now a major treatment objective in schizophrenia research. Given the large body of evidence suggesting pharmacological treatments generally have minimal effects on indices of functioning, research has turned to psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Among these, neurocognitive and social cognitive interventions are at the forefront of this field and are argued to target core deficits inherent to the schizophrenia illness. However, to date, research trials have primarily focused on chronic schizophrenia populations, neglecting the early psychosis groups who are often as severely impaired in social and occupational functioning. This theoretical paper will outline the rationale for investigating adjunctive cognitive-based interventions in the early phases of psychotic illness, critically examine the current approach strategies used in these interventions, and assess the evidence supporting certain training programs for improving functional outcome in early psychosis. Potential pathways for future research will be discussed.

Resource Allocation and Strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2411-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Maritan ◽  
Gwendolyn K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Strategy Research ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

Resource allocation is fundamental to strategic management. Yet, surprisingly, there is not a large body of literature specifically about the allocation of financial, physical, technological, and human resources that support firm strategies. This special issue seeks to bring renewed attention to resource allocation as an important topic for strategy research. The curated set of articles and commentaries offer conceptual and empirical contributions that assess the current state of research on the topic, present analyses and new insights, and propose promising directions for future research. Through this special issue, we hope to encourage more research that examines resource allocation as a central focus of study for achieving deeper and better understandings about firm strategies.

scholarly journals Rhythm and Music-Based Interventions in Motor Rehabilitation: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenille Braun Janzen ◽  
Yuko Koshimori ◽  
Nicole M. Richard ◽  
Michael H. Thaut
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Musical Rhythms

Research in basic and clinical neuroscience of music conducted over the past decades has begun to uncover music’s high potential as a tool for rehabilitation. Advances in our understanding of how music engages parallel brain networks underpinning sensory and motor processes, arousal, reward, and affective regulation, have laid a sound neuroscientific foundation for the development of theory-driven music interventions that have been systematically tested in clinical settings. Of particular significance in the context of motor rehabilitation is the notion that musical rhythms can entrain movement patterns in patients with movement-related disorders, serving as a continuous time reference that can help regulate movement timing and pace. To date, a significant number of clinical and experimental studies have tested the application of rhythm- and music-based interventions to improve motor functions following central nervous injury and/or degeneration. The goal of this review is to appraise the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of music and rhythm to modulate movement spatiotemporal patterns and restore motor function. By organizing and providing a critical appraisal of a large body of research, we hope to provide a revised framework for future research on the effectiveness of rhythm- and music-based interventions to restore and (re)train motor function.

scholarly journals Gambling and Social Cognition: a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
Elodie Hurel ◽  
Gaëlle Challet-Bouju ◽  
Nicolas Bukowski ◽  
Emeline Eyzop ◽  
Marie Grall-Bronnec
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Review Current

Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this article was to review current research regarding social cognition (SC) in gambling disorder (GD), to (i) compile and synthetize the current state of existing literature on this topic, and (ii) propose cognitive remediation therapy approaches focused on SC for clinicians. Recent Findings It is well known that disordered gamblers show impairment regarding non-social cognitive functions such as inhibition, attention, and decision-making. Furthermore, patients with substance use disorders also present certain deficits regarding social information processing which are difficult to differentiate from the intrinsic toxic effects linked to drugs or alcohol consumption. Summary To date, relatively little research has been undertaken to explore SC in gambling disorder (GD) with neuropsychological tasks. Preliminary results suggest impaired non-verbal emotion processing, but only one study has directly measured SC in GD. As a consequence, future research on this framework should propose diverse measures of SC, while controlling for other factors such as personality traits and subtypes of disordered gamblers.

Does treatment delay in first-episode psychosis really matter?

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. HARRIGAN ◽  
P. D. McGORRY ◽  
H. KRSTEV
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Background. Relatively few predictors of outcome in first-episode psychosis are potentially malleable and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is one. However, the degree to which DUP is mediated by other predictors of outcome is unclear. This study examines the specific effects of DUP on 12-month outcome after adjusting for effects of potential confounders and moderating variables.Method. The sample comprised 354 first-episode psychosis patients followed up 12-months after remission/stabilization of their psychotic symptoms. Outcome measures included functional outcome, severity of positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression assessed whether DUP significantly predicted 12-month outcome after adjusting for other predictors. Contrast analysis further clarified the differential effects of DUP on 12-month outcome.Results. DUP remained a significant predictor of outcome after adjusting for the effects of other variables. This finding remained robust for the subset of patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. Functional outcome appeared to decline substantially even after very short treatment delays (>7 days), with more gradual deterioration in functioning until very long DUP (>1 year). Good outcome was variably associated with good pre-morbid adjustment, female gender, diagnosis of affective disorder, short duration of prodromal symptoms, and treatment within the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention model in contrast to other models of care.Conclusions. DUP consistently predicts outcome independently of other variables, and is not simply a proxy for other factors. As one of the few potentially malleable factors influencing outcome, DUP could prove to be a target for secondary preventive efforts in early psychosis.

Battery of scales for comprehensive assessment of social cognition, neurocognition and motivation in patients with schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S581-S582
Author(s):  
M. Minyaycheva ◽  
K. Kiselnikova ◽  
O. Papsuev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere has been a special interest in roles of neurocognition, social cognition and motivation impairments in patients with schizophrenia and possible approaches to remediating these deficits. Clinical practice lacks a comprehensive tool to measure those deficits.ObjectiveTo build a comprehensive assessment battery to measure neurocognitive, social cognitive and motivational deficits in order to form targets for remediation programs and assess their efficiency.AimsTranslation and adaptation for Russian speaking subjects (if needed) of identified assessments upon authors’ agreement.MethodsBy consensus decision of 5 professionals in the field of clinical psychiatry, psychology and neuroscience a number of assessments were selected with the following criteria: 1. Relevance to domain assessed, 2. Appropriateness for Russian social context, 3. Reference rates in scientific papers, 4. Time consumed by each assessment.ResultsSix measures reflecting main domains (neurocognition, Theory of Mind, attributional style, social perception, emotion processing, motivation) were selected: 1. BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) (R.S. Keefe et al., 2008), 2. Hinting Task (R. Corcoran 1995), 3. AIHQ (Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire) (D.R. Combs et al., 2007), 4. RAD–15 (Relationships Across Domains) (M. Sergi et al., 2004), 5. Ekman–60 (P. Ekman et al., 1976), 6. AES (Apathy Evaluation Scale) (R.S. Marin et al., 1991).ConclusionsThe battery built encompasses all targeted domains of neurocognition, social cognition and motivation. Time consumed by the battery estimates 130 ± 15 minutes, which is appropriate for clinical practice in a rehabilitation centre. Future research will focus on patients profiling and shaping of rehabilitation programs accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hui Shen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuhuan Li ◽  
Denise Zheng ◽  
Lizhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
General Rehabilitation

Abstract Background Residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are common for chronic schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms. Methods In this 6-week, randomized, single-blind, controlled study, a total of 100 schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms were randomly assigned to the MBI or control group. The 6-week MBI group and the control group with general rehabilitation programs maintained their original antipsychotic treatments. The scores for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were recorded at baseline and week 6 to assess psychotic symptoms, cognitive performance, and emotional state, respectively. Results Compared with general rehabilitation programs, MBI alleviated the PANSS-negative subscore, general psychopathology subscore, and PANSS total score in schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms (F = 33.77, pBonferroni < 0.001; F = 42.01, pBonferroni < 0.001; F = 52.41, pBonferroni < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, MBI improved RBANS total score and immediate memory subscore (F = 8.80, pBonferroni = 0.024; F = 11.37, pBonferroni = 0.006), as well as SCL-90 total score in schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms (F = 18.39, pBonferroni < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that MBI helps schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms improve clinical symptoms including negative symptom, general psychopathology symptom, and cognitive impairment. Trial registration ChiCTR2100043803.

Self-leadership Training Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sidwell ◽  
Michael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
A Current

The purpose of this article was to examine the current state of self-leadership training. The authors analyzed all published, publicly available studies (in English) pertaining to self-leadership training methods, offering a current state of self-leadership training, and implications for future research.

Depressive Traits and Theory of Mind in Healthy Individuals: A Mediation Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas James Rowark
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Prepotent Response

Depression has been associated with poor social cognitive functioning, including impaired performance on measures of theory of mind. However, the association between depression and theory of mind performance has been removed when controlling for differences in executive functioning, which is also impacted by depression. Among these executive functions, inhibition of prepotent response has been demonstrated as enabling success on theory of mind tests. In the context of these findings, the current investigation tested whether a relationship could be found between depressive traits and theory of mind in a non-clinical sample, and whether this relationship was mediated by differences in executive control of inhibition. Theory of mind was assessed in 31 healthy individuals using an audio-presented false-belief reasoning task, which also tested baseline performance in non-mental-state reasoning. Inhibition of prepotent response was assessed with interference measures on a Stroop colour-word task, and depressive traits were self-reported through the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Mediation analysis revealed that executive control of inhibition did not significantly mediate an indirect effect of depressive traits on theory of mind. It was interpreted that relationships previously found between major depression, executive and social-cognitive functions do not generalise beyond clinical boundaries. However, these findings are discussed in terms of the small sample size, limiting statistical power, and several methodological limitations. Future research should assess the relationship between depressive traits and theory of mind using alternative measures of mental representation, or include a neurocognitive battery assessing executive functions other than inhibition.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document