Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

Social environment for activating economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
L. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Government

The article analyses the present state of Russian society in the context of overcoming economic stagnation and activating the mechanism of economic growth. The author examines the possibility of mobilizing human capital; social attitudes and their dynamics; the institutional structure of Russian society, implicating the principles of solidarity and coordination of interests within the framework of various voluntary unions and associations.  The analysis allows the author to define the social conditions for the activation of economic growth as complex, ambiguous and requiring a significant adjustment of social policy. At the same time, there are certain manifestations of Russian society’s interest in self-development, consolidation, and more active socio-economic transformations. The social demand for progressive sustainable economic development being obvious, the government will be able to launch economic growth by shifting from a policy of social protection to a policy of social development, with adequate goodwill and flexibility.

scholarly journals Unraveling the long-pursued Au144 structure by x-ray crystallography

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat7259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yan ◽  
Nan Xia ◽  
Lingwen Liao ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Fengming Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
First Time

The transition from nanocluster to nanocrystal is a central issue in nanoscience. The atomic structure determination of metal nanoparticles in the transition size range is challenging and particularly important in understanding the quantum size effect at the atomic level. On the basis of the rationale that the intra- and interparticle weak interactions play critical roles in growing high-quality single crystals of metal nanoparticles, we have reproducibly obtained ideal crystals of Au144(SR)60 and successfully solved its structure by x-ray crystallography (XRC); this structure was theoretically predicted a decade ago and has long been pursued experimentally but without success until now. Here, XRC reveals an interesting Au12 hollow icosahedron in thiolated gold nanoclusters for the first time. The Au–Au bond length, close to that of bulk gold, shows better thermal extensibility than the other Au–Au bond lengths in Au144(SR)60, providing an atomic-level perspective because metal generally shows better thermal extensibility than nonmetal materials. Thus, our work not only reveals the mysterious, long experimentally pursued structure of a transition-sized nanoparticle but also has important implications for the growth of high-quality, single-crystal nanoparticles, as well as for the understanding of the thermal extensibility of metals from the perspective of chemical bonding.

scholarly journals Brexit and the Reshaping of British Electoral Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-187
Author(s):  
Edward Fieldhouse ◽  
Jane Green ◽  
Geoffrey Evans ◽  
Jonathan Mellon ◽  
Christopher Prosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Party Support ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
The Eu

In this chapter we show how the vote to leave the EU in 2017 brought about a return to two-party politics and a fundamental shift in the social and geographical alignment of party support. Electoral competition between the two main parties previously dominated by concerns relating to redistribution, taxation, and an emphasis on the free market versus social protection now also focused almost equally on the EU, immigration, and liberal–authoritarian values. For the first time in modern history, economic left–right competition between Labour and the Conservatives was accompanied by a commensurate emphasis on a second cultural, or social, dimension of politics. This was also reflected in changes in the demographic patterns of party support, especially age and education.

scholarly journals Model of Cu-Al-Fe-Ni Bronze Crystallization

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Pisarek
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Original Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
Derivative Analysis ◽  
Phase Sequence

Abstract According to the analysis of the current state of the knowledge shows that there is little information on the process of phase transformations that occur during the cooling Cu-Al-Fe-Ni hypo-eutectoid bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo and/or W, made additions individually or together, for the determination of: the type of crystallizing phases, crystallizing phases, order and place of their nucleation. On the basis of recorded using thermal and derivative analysis of thermal effects phases crystallization or their systems, analysis of the microstructure formed during crystallization - observed on the metallographic specimen casting ATD10-PŁ probe, analysis of the existing phase equilibrium diagrams forming elements tested Cu-Al-Fe-Ni bronze, with additions of Cr, Mo, W and/or Si developed an original model of crystallization and phase transformation in the solid state, the casting of high quality Cu-Al-Fe-Ni bronze comprising: crystallizing type phase, crystallizing phase sequence, place of nucleation.

REGIONAL INEQUALITIES OF CHILDREN DISABILITY INCIDENCE IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Juozas Raistenskis ◽  
Zdislav Skvarciany ◽  
Romualdas Gurevičius
Keyword(s):  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Direct Standardization

Declining birth rates, increasing number of diseases and injuries among children, socio-economical change in the situation of the country, as well as other social, health - and economics-related factors are the main reasons for greater interest of scientists in research on the social and health disparities in the counties (municipalities and districts). This paper analyzes the inequalities in first-time recognized children’s disability in counties of Lithuania during the period of 2007-2011. Aim of the study. To analyze incidences of the firsttime recognized children’s disability in Lithuania from 2007 to 2011 and to compare the parameters of the first-time recognized children’s disability incidence in 10 counties, taking into account variability of disability incidence inside the counties. Methods. The study used the data on the initial determination of disability in children, taken from Disability and Working Capacity Assessment Office under the Ministry of Social Security and Labor from 2007-2011. For the usage of further statistical index, the information on the number of citizens was taken from the database of Department of Statistics of the Republic of Lithuania. The indicators were age-standardized using the direct standardization method and the statistical program “WinPepi”. For the variation analysis of country’s regional disparities the One-way ANOVA test was applied. Results. During the analyzed period (2007-2011) in Lithuania some form of disability was found in 10649 children under the age of 18, of whom 6,219 - boys (58,0 percent) and 4,430 - girls (42,0 percent). The largest newly-recognized children’s disability averages in 2007-2011 were found in the region of Šiauliai (43,68 ± 1,70), Panevėžys county (41,55 ± 1,96) and Utena county (41,53 ± 6,27). In boys’ group - Šiauliai county (51,64 ± 1,53), Telšiai county (47,72 ± 10,61), Utena county (46,69 ± 7,83) and Panevėžys county (45,61 ± 2,59). In girls’ group - Panevėžys (37,14 ± 2,31 ), Šiauliai (35,33 ± 2,47), and Utena (36,16 ± 5,11) c o unties. In both girls’ and boys’ groups statistically significant differences (p0.05) in newly recognized children’s disability incidence in the country’s counties were found. Conclusions. The conducted variation analysis of children’s disability at t h e age of 0-17 y.o. in the period of 2007-2011 throughout the country’s counties, revealed inequalities among the counties. The biggest differences in newly determined disability in children in comparison with other counties of the country were found among Šiauliai, Utena, and Panevėžys counties.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

Criminal-Law Protection of Religious Relations

10.12737/4823 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Виктор Беспалько ◽  
Viktor Bespalko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Current State ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Social

In the article the author analyzes the current state of Russian law on crimes against freedom of conscience and religious security. He proves social necessity for criminal law protection of religious relations. He also proposes his classification of the criminal offenses. The article contains the term «religious security». It shows the main threats to religious security in modern conditions, which need counteraction by criminal law. The author developed amendments and additions to the Criminal Code, taking into account the level of religious relations in Russian society. He demonstrates the social significance of protection of the personal freedom of conscience and religious security from criminal trespasses in a democratic state. The author based results of his investigation on sociological findings and links to sources of domestic and foreign criminal law.

scholarly journals Novyi Mishor – first country-style resort on the South Coast of Crimea (1898-1920): reconstruction of sociocultural history

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Andrey Vasil'evich Karagodin ◽  
Mariya Mikhailovna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the history of the first of country-style resort appeared on the South Coast of Crimea at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries on the lands of country estates of New Mishor belonged to Shuvalov-Dolgorukov family. The phenomenon of country-style construction on the South Coast of Crimes, which starting point was the foundation of the Novyi Mishor, is viewed in the context of the processes of economic and sociocultural modernization of Russian society, formation of self-identification mechanisms of the emerging “middle class”, and new urban culture. Special attention is given to the period from 1917 to 1920, when the cultural figures left the capital and resided in the villages of Novyi Mishor. Based on examination the body of historical sources, many of which introduced to the scientific discourse for the first time, the author formed the database of villages and countryside residents of Novyi Mishor. A vast array of archival funds, reference literature, sources of personal provenance (memoirs, correspondence), and visual sources was attracted in the course of research. The novelty of consists in establishment of identities and social status of the residents of country resort of Novyi Mishor, determination of a range of sources for its further research, reconstruction of chronology of the development of this resort, details of everyday life and mentality traits of the residents, among which were the prominent figures of culture and art of Russia of that time – writers, actors, painters, scholars, and philanthropists.

scholarly journals LEGAL AWARENESS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
L.V. Karnaushenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Environment

Over a long period of time, the general theoretical aspects of law, its relationship with key areas of philosophical knowledge (ontology, axiology), as well as practice-oriented technical research played a predominant role in legal knowledge. At the same time, such an aspect of the functioning of law as legal consciousness remains not fully studied. This concerns both the social significance of legal consciousness and the social context of its formation in the public environment. Equally interesting is the question of what are the key trends in the formation of legal consciousness in Russian society. The article examines the problem of legal consciousness in Russian society. In the first part of the article, a general theoretical study of the essence of legal consciousness, its place in the system of social worldview, social significance, as well as key factors of formation is carried out. Separately, the question of the deformation of legal consciousness and its causes is raised. The second part of the work is devoted to the current state of legal consciousness in Russian society, which includes both the analysis of actual data and the consideration of indirect data, including the state of the main factors in the formation of legal consciousness in Russian society. The causes of the crisis of legal consciousness in Russian society are considered. Trends in the nature of attitudes towards law in Russian society are analyzed, and trends in the deformation of legal consciousness in Russia are also described. The processes described relate to institutional and information factors that are currently relevant. The third part of the article summarizes the results of the study, notes key trends in changing the situation with legal consciousness in Russian society. Options are offered to overcome the current crisis situation.

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