Case Report: Multiple Cavernous Pericardial Lymphangioma (Pericardial Lymphangiomatosis) in a Captive Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus brookei)

A 12-year-old female peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus brookei) from a private raptor breeding facility that presented a good body condition, died suddenly without showing previous symptoms. At necropsy, in the coelomic cavity, multiple cystic structures demarcated by a thin transparent wall and filled with a serous content were observed. They were firmly adhered to the cranial part of the epicardium and adjacent tissues and occupied the entire thoracic area of the coelomic cavity. Microscopically, emerging simultaneously from several areas the epicardium, multiple irregular channels and cystic spaces, lined by a single endothelial cell layer and separated by fibrovascular septa containing smooth muscle tissue, were observed. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the neoplastic endothelial cells positively immunolabelled for the pan-endothelial marker factor VIII-related antigen but immunostained negative for cytokeratins (PCK26) while strong positivity for sarcomeric α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected in the cystic walls. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, lesions were determined as consistent with a multiple cavernous pericardial lymphangioma, or pericardial lymphangiomatosis, a rare vascular neoplasm. The animal also showed a diffuse chronic perihepatitis, a necrotic area in the liver and foci of cartilaginous metaplasia and calcification in the aorta and vena cava. Literature review, particularly on the epidemiology of lymphangioma, demonstrated the rarity of this tumor in the different animal species and in this location, particularly in birds, being the first report of this type of tumor in a peregrine falcon.

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Osteopontin expression in spontaneously developed neointima in fowl (Gallus gallus)

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.203.2.273 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 203 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282

Author(s):

R.J. Kuykindoll ◽

H. Nishimura ◽

D.B. Thomason ◽

S.K. Nishimoto

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Balloon Catheter ◽

Protein Band ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽

Aortic Smooth Muscle

Fowl show spontaneous elevation of blood pressure and neointimal plaque formation in the abdominal aorta at young ages. A similar neointima can be induced by a balloon-catheter-induced endothelium injury to the fowl aorta. Both spontaneously developed and injury-induced vascular lesions exhibit subendothelial hyperplasia consisting of neointimal cells with a synthetic phenotype and abundant extracellular matrix. The role of the extracellular matrix in the formation of neointima is not known. In this study, we investigated whether osteopontin, an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix, is expressed in aortic smooth muscle tissue of the fowl abdominal aorta, in spontaneously developed neointimal plaques and in the aortic smooth muscle underlying neointimal plaques. Crude protein extracted from isolated aortic smooth muscle tissues and neointimal plaques was fractionated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by immunoblotting with rabbit anti-fowl osteopontin (provided by Dr L. C. Gerstenfeld, Boston University) or anti-α smooth muscle actin antibodies. The anti-fowl osteopontin antibody predominantly recognized a 66–70 kDa protein band in neointimal plaques that co-migrated with the osteopontin phosphoprotein from chick bone. In contrast, intact aortic smooth muscle and the smooth muscle underlying neointimal plaques equally expressed three proteins (66–70 kDa, approximately 50 kDa and approximately 43 kDa) recognized by the anti-osteopontin antibody. Anti-α smooth muscle actin antibody recognized a 43 kDa protein band, and the expression of α smooth muscle actin was higher in aortic smooth muscle than in neointimal plaques. Osteopontin mRNA expression was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total RNA from vascular tissues with specific primers constructed on the basis of the reported fowl osteopontin nucleotide sequence. The PCR products from intact aortic smooth muscle and neointimal plaques correspond to the product from recombinant plasmid cDNA (a gift from Dr L. C. Gerstenfeld) transcribed in vitro. These results suggest that osteopontin is synthesized in intact aortic smooth muscle and neointimal plaques in fowl and that unmetabolized approximately 66 kDa osteopontin protein is a predominant form in the neointima, indicating that osteopontin protein may be actively synthesized in the neointima.

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Gastric Smooth Muscle Hamartomas Mimicking Polyps in a Dog: A Case Description and a Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/278924 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marian A. Taulescu ◽

Irina Amorim ◽

Fatima Gärtner ◽

Laura Fãrcaş ◽

Mircea V. Mircean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Clinical History ◽

Gastric Distension ◽

Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽

Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽

History Of ◽

Mucosal Glands ◽

Mitotic Figures ◽

Chronic Vomiting

This report presents a case of two smooth muscle hamartomas of the stomach in a 10-year-old male Boxer. The clinical history of the animal was of chronic vomiting, weight loss, and intermittent gastric distension, and it died because of chronic and congestive heart failure. Gross, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) exams were performed. On necropsy, in the pyloric region of the stomach, two closely related polypoid growths between 10 and 15 mm in diameter were identified. On the cut sections, both polyps presented white to gray color, with homogenous architecture and well-defined limits. The thickness of the submucosal layer was seen to be increased to 1 cm. No other gastric alterations were identified by the necropsy exam. Histologically, both masses growth consisted of hyperplastic glands lined by foveolar epithelium, arranged in a papillary or branching pattern, and supported by a core of well-vascularised and marked smooth muscle tissue interspersed between glands. No dysplastic cells and mitotic figures were observed in these lesions. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong cytoplasm labelling for smooth muscle actin of the bundles around the mucosal glands. To our knowledge, this is the first report of smooth muscle hamartomas mimicking multiple gastric polyps in dogs.

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Intravascular Leiomyomatosis as a Rare Cause of Nonthrombotic Pulmonary Embolism

Case Reports in Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6084061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Julie Van Maercke ◽

Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy ◽

Willy Poppe ◽

Tom Verbelen ◽

Marion Delcroix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Heart Association ◽

Pulmonary Vasculature ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a very rare condition. It is characterized by the proliferation of benign smooth muscle cells within vascular structures without invasion of these tissues. Symptoms depend on the site of origin and the extent of invasion. Rarely, this neoplasm is located in the inferior vena cava or in the pulmonary vasculature potentially causing symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, or syncope. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with extensive pulmonary embolism comprising of a subtotal occlusion of the right pulmonary artery with extension into the left pulmonary artery. Due to persistent dyspnea (New York Heart Association class II) despite anticoagulation, after a six-week period, imaging was repeated and showed stable findings. As she was not responding to adequate anticoagulant therapy, intima sarcoma of the pulmonary artery was suspected, and a pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) was performed. A smooth, white, intravascular mass was easily and completely removed. Analysis demonstrated a lesion consisting of cells without atypia, showing expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) and desmin with partial expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), leading to the diagnosis of intravascular leiomyomatosis. The patient fully recovered. Complete surgical removal of the intravascular tumor is recommended to relieve symptoms and prevent possible complications. Clinicians have to be aware that in unresolved pulmonary embolism, nonthrombotic and rare causes, like an intima sarcoma or intravascular leiomyomatosis, should be considered.

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Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma in African Goose (Anser cygnoides)

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.112998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Annes Fagundes Silva ◽

Robério Gomes Olinda ◽

Glauco Jose Nogueira de Galiza ◽

Antonio Flávio Medeiros Dantas

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Detection System ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Coelomic Cavity ◽

Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Left Frontal Lobe ◽

Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Background: In birds, neoplasms are more frequently observed in Psittaciformes and Galliformes and rarely seen in Columbiformes and Anseriformes, with few reports of the occurrence of mesenchymal neoplasms such as leiomyosarcoma affecting birds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe a case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in an African goose (Anser cygnoides), analyzing the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Case: A 10-month-old male African goose, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, whit ataxia, tremors of intention in the head, and nystagmus about one month ago, progressing to lateral decubitus. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, animal was euthanized. Samples of the organs of the coelomic cavity and central nervous system were collected for histologic examination. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After fixation, the organs were embedded in paraffin, cut into 4-5 μm sections, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Paraffin blocks with liver, kidney and encephalon fragments were selected and sent for immunohistochemical analysis. The primary antibodies used were: alpha-smooth muscle actin (monoclonal 1A4), anti-vimentin (monoclonal, V9), CD57 (monoclonal, NK1) and cytokeratin (monoclonal, AE1/AE3) and incubated for 18 h at 4Cº. As an amplification and detection system polymer and labeled by addition of the liquid diaminobenzidine+substratechromogen system and counterstained with Harris hematoxylin. Macroscopically were observed in the liver nodular multifocal areas yellowish, sometimes coalescing, firm, and elevated to the surface that at the cut deepened to the parenchyma. In the left kidney there was a similar tumor mass. In the left frontal lobe, there was nodular focal area, well circumscribed, yellowish and protruding. To cutting surface it compressed the parietal and temporal lobe and showed surface yellowish and smooth. Microscopically, the liver was diffusely infiltrated by mesenchymal neoplasia, expansive, infiltrative, poorly circumscribed and not encapsulated, constituted by spindle cells arranged in interlaced bundles. The cells were elongated with sparse cytoplasm, slightly eosinophilic and indistinct borders with rounded to elongated nuclei, with coarse chromatin and evident nucleoli. In fragments of kidney and brain, neoplastic infiltration similar to that described in the liver was observed. In immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were positive with antibodies anti-vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin.Discussion: The diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in an African goose was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Reports of neoplasms in birds are relatively rare, however the occurrence of metastatic leiomyosarcoma affecting goose in the most varied locations has been described, from skin to organs of the coelomic cavity like kidney, ovary and intestinal wall. In this case, there is the unusual occurrence of dissemination in the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex, progressing to a neurological clinic condition. There are rare cases of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in geese African goose (Anser cygnoides). The main differential diagnoses include fibrosarcomas, neurofibrosarcomas and histiocytic sarcomas, which are similar macroscopically and histologically.Keywords: ornithopathology, mesenchymal neoplasms, anseriformes.Descritores: ornitopatologia, neoplasias mesenquimais, anseriformes.Título: Leiomiossarcoma metastáticoem ganso africano (Anser cygnoides)

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Cytoskeletal remodeling in differentiated vascular smooth muscle is actin isoform dependent and stimulus dependent

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (3) ◽

pp. C768-C778 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Hak Rim Kim ◽

Cynthia Gallant ◽

Paul C. Leavis ◽

Susan J. Gunst ◽

Kathleen G. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Actin Polymerization ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Filamentous Actin ◽

Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽

Actin Remodeling ◽

Cell Fractions

Dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been suggested that actin remodeling may also play an important functional role in nonmigrating, nonproliferating differentiated vascular smooth muscle (dVSM). In the present study, we show that contractile agonists increase the net polymerization of actin in dVSM, as measured by the differential ultracentrifugation of vascular smooth muscle tissue and the costaining of single freshly dissociated cells with fluorescent probes specific for globular and filamentous actin. Furthermore, induced alterations of the actin polymerization state, as well as actin decoy peptides, inhibit contractility in a stimulus-dependent manner. Latrunculin pretreatment or actin decoy peptides significantly inhibit contractility induced by a phorbol ester or an α-agonist, but these procedures have no effect on contractions induced by KCl. Aorta dVSM expresses α-smooth muscle actin, β-actin, nonmuscle γ-actin, and smooth muscle γ-actin. The incorporation of isoform-specific cell-permeant synthetic actin decoy peptides, as well as isoform-specific probing of cell fractions and two-dimensional gels, demonstrates that actin remodeling during α-agonist contractions involves the remodeling of primarily γ-actin and, to a lesser extent, β-actin. Taken together, these results show that net isoform- and agonist-dependent increases in actin polymerization regulate vascular contractility.

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Myolipoma Affecting the Erector Spinae: A Case Report in a Child

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2009/520126 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. T. R. Parratt ◽

K. Gokaraju ◽

B. G. I. Spiegelberg ◽

J. Miles ◽

S. R. Cannon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Adult Population ◽

Erector Spinae ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Soft Tissue Tumour ◽

Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽

Tissue Tumour ◽

Lipomatous Tumour

Myolipoma is a rare, benign, lipomatous tumour which most commonly occurs in the retroperitoneum, pelvis, and abdomen. A 4-year-old boy presented with a painless enlarging mass in the left paraspinal region. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion with high fat content and areas of calcification. Excision and histopathological analysis revealed a tumour composed of lobules of mature adipose tissue and broad septa of well-differentiated smooth muscle tissue. The smooth muscle nature of the nonfatty component was demonstrated by a diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and desmin. The mass was reported as a myolipoma. The patient made an unremarkable recovery from surgery and remains healthy with no signs of recurrence at seven years. This paper represents the youngest patient diagnosed with this rare soft tissue tumour which is normally confined to the adult population. A newly reported site of the tumour is also highlighted.

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Gastric Adenomyoma: Salient Imitator

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S67-S67

Author(s):

A J Kobalka ◽

S Singh

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Gastric Wall ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽

Gastric Type

Abstract Introduction/Objective Gastric adenomyoma is a lesion characterized by proliferation of epithelium and smooth muscle in the stomach or small bowel. By ultrasound, gastric adenomyoma usually appears as a submucosal nodule with a cystic center. They can mimic many benign and malignant conditions and are an important differential diagnosis to consider in fine needle aspiration of submucosal upper gastrointestinal lesions. Methods/Case Report We present a 30-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and heartburn. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated a 10 mm well-circumscribed hypoechoic mass in the antral submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. Two years later, the lesion was 18.6 mm in greatest dimension and fine needle aspiration was performed. Cell block showed foci of benign gastric glands and bland smooth muscle tissue, positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin, and negative for CD34 and c-kit (CD117). Gastrointestinal stromal tumor was the main differential diagnosis and adenomyosis was not considered, thus, the biopsy was thought to represent normal gastric wall, and the glands were dismissed as contaminant from the aspiration. A subsequent ultrasound two years later again demonstrated the lesion, now 21.5 mm in greatest dimension, and definitive resection was performed. Histologic examination showed a segment of stomach with gastric antral-type mucosa and an underlying mass forming lesion consisting of scattered gastric type glands admixed with smooth muscle bundles, consistent with gastric adenomyoma. The glands were completely surrounded by smooth muscle and lamina propria. Our patient has been asyptomatic one year since resection of the gastric adenomyoma. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Gastric adenomyoma is an important differential of intramural spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract alongside many benign and malignant conditions. Consideration of gastric adenomyoma at the time of the original biopsy would have spared the patient uncertainty regarding their prognosis and allowed for definitive resection two years earlier.

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