scholarly journals Controversial Issues on EEG after Sleep Deprivation for the Diagnosis of Epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Sean Giorgi ◽  
Michelangelo Maestri ◽  
Melania Guida ◽  
Elisa Di Coscio ◽  
Luca Carnicelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis ◽  
The Many

EEG after sleep deprivation (SD-EEG) is widely used in many epilepsy centers as an important tool in the epilepsy diagnosis process. However, after more than 40 years of use, there are a number of issues which still need to be clarified concerning its features and role. In particular, the many scientific papers addressing its role in epilepsy diagnosis often differ remarkably from each other in terms of the type of patients assessed, their description and study design. Furthermore, also the length and the type of EEG performed after SD, as well as the length of SD itself, vary dramatically from one study to another. In this paper we shortly underscore the abovementioned differences among the different reports, as well as some interpretations of the findings obtained in the different studies. This analysis emphasizes, if needed, how SD-EEG still represents a crucial step in epilepsy diagnosis, and how additional, controlled studies might further shape its precise diagnostic/prognostic role.

Tool-Support for Software Development Processes

2010 ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Kuhrmann ◽  
Georg Kalus ◽  
Gerhard Chroust
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Many

Software development projects are complex. The more complex a project is, the higher are the requirements related to the software development process. The implementation of a process is a great challenge. This, in part, has to do with human factors (acceptance, etc.) as the benefits of a formal development process might not be obvious immediately and it may take a while until the process becomes the lifeblood of a team. A crucial step towards implementing, enacting and enforcing a process is to provide tool support for the many activities the process asks for. Tool support is necessary to guarantee efficiency in the project, to do the housekeeping and to minimize the “overhead” of the process. This chapter describes challenges and options for supporting process models by tools. Furthermore it describes concrete samples and shows how tool chains can be created with commercial tools as well as with open source tools.

scholarly journals Microbiological Hazards in Dry Dog Chews and Feeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik ◽  
Wioletta Biel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rapid Alert System

Nowadays, dogs are usually equally treated with other family members. Due to the growing caregivers’ awareness, the pet foods industry is changing dynamically. Pet foods are manufactured with a myriad of ingredients. Few authors of scientific papers deal with the topic of foods products’ safety for pet animals, assessed from the perspective of their caregivers. Despite the many methods of producing foods of the highest quality, there are still cases of contamination of pet foods and treats. In the case of dried chews for dogs, bacteria of the genus Salmonella are the most common risk. In the case of both dry and wet foods, in addition to many species of bacteria, we often deal with mold fungi and their metabolites, mycotoxins. This article presents selected microbiological risks in dog foods and treats, and analyzes the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) system (2017–2020) for pathogenic microorganisms in dried dog chews, treats and foods. In this period, pet food-related notifications were registered, which were categorized into different types. Analyzing the RASFF notifications over the period, it has been shown that there are still cases of bacterial contamination of dog foods and treats, while in terms of the overall mycotoxin content, these products may appear safe.

scholarly journals Considerations of Consciousness and Emotive Memory

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Nets ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Neural Net ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Affective Quality ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
The Many ◽  
Key Terms

The role of chemistry is generally overlooked in theories of consciousness; most neuroscientists focus exclusively on electrodynamic signaling. We argue that chemodynamic signaling modes must also be considered. As an aide to continuing this discourse, we clarify key terms, namely: Feelings, Emotions, Code and Neural net. In particular, we distinguish between “memory” as applied to the binary formatted “information” employed by computers, which lack any affective quality, and “emotive memory”, the recall of subjective “cognitive information” experienced by neural nets. Most concepts of consciousness focused on the electrodynamic activation, witness the many popular books and movies, as well as scientific papers based on this premise. However, the discovery of neurotransmitters (NTs) and development of psychoactive drugs indicates that consciousness is also enabled by chemodynamic processes, which particularly impact affective states. A graphic timeline is presented which highlights the historical milestones in the neuroscientific clarification of signaling modes pertinent to consciousness. We opine that a combined chemodynamic and electrodynamic description of emotive memory will clarify the causative processes from which the experiential consciousness of the neural net emerges. Consider that without chemically encoded emotive memory, a conscious creature could not long survive; its consciousness would be moot.

scholarly journals THE CONTROVERSY AROUND THE CURRENT SERBIAN BORDERS: A REAL CHALLENGE IN THE COUNTRY'S WAY TO EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1410
Author(s):  
Natalia Bekiarova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Real Challenge

The article “The controversy around the current Serbian borders: a real challenge in the country's way to European Union membership” provides an overview of border and territorial disputes between the Republic of Serbia and its neighbours in the Western Balkans. These problems have not been solved more than a quarter of a century. In the new EU strategy from February 2018 'A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans', it is said that Serbia and Montenegro can become members of the EU in 2025. This is possible in case that countries meet the conditions for membership and overcome their border disputes with their neighbours. A special place is given to the reasons for many unsettled border issues between post Yugoslav states. The focus is on the complex relations between Serbia and Kosovo, which should sit at the negotiating table and resolve the many controversial issues between them. One of the most important is the regulation of borders and the recognition of Kosovo's independence from Serbia. The idea of "correction" of the border between the two countries was commented, as well as the modern hostile relations between the countries. It is concluded that now an agreement between Serbia and the former Serbian province seems less likely than ever and explains why. The article sheds light on the complex border problems between Serbia and Croatia about the border of the Danube River, as well as the outstanding border issues between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusions are that Serbia will not be able to fulfill all the conditions for EU membership and the process of European integration of the country will be delayed.

The Seamy Side of the Global Economy

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Eckes
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Revolutionary developments in technology and the deregulation of borders and economies have enhanced efficiency, stimulated growth, and expanded opportunities for four to five billion people around the world to join the market-oriented global economy over the last generation. But the global economy also has a seamy underside often neglected in academic discussions. This article offers a brief introduction to some of the problems that challenge governance and social stability in the generation ahead. It examines how globalization has multiplied opportunities for organized crime and terrorists; increased human trafficking, as well as forced and child labor; benefited sweatshops; expanded the flow of unsafe food and products; and contributed to environmental hazards. Because of the many complex and controversial issues involved, and the limited data publicly available, the author seeks only to survey current conditions, to identify relevant sources, and to encourage future scholarly research.

Portrait d’un « romaniste » hors du commun : Jean Acher (1880–1915)

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-464
Author(s):  
Anne Lefebvre-Teillard
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
The Many ◽  
Law Degree ◽  
Exclusive Focus

Portrait of a not so common ‘Romanist’: Jean Acher (1880–1915) – Jean Acher, known to only a few specialists in Medieval Roman law, was an unusual scholar of Roman law. He was born in Lodz (Poland) in 1880. He studied first at St Petersburg, then in Berlin, where he attended B. Kübler’s teaching, and continued his studies at Montpellier, where he was awarded a law degree. He obtained a licence in law in 1904. At the same time, Acher also studied Romanic languages and literature. Legal and Romanic studies were the subjects of the many articles and reviews he then started publishing in several distinguished journals. In 1906, he settled in Paris. Acher became involved in the (at the time, highly controversial) issues around the methods of legal teaching, appearing as a harsh critic of the then prevailing approach to Roman law teaching. A great admirer of H.H. Fitting, he criticised specifically the exclusive focus on classical Roman law. In turn, Acher was the target of criticism by V. Arangio Ruiz and Ch.L. Appleton, which led to a confrontation with legal scholars. J. Bédier, professor at the Collège de France, supported him and, as a result, Acher devoted his work almost exclusively to the study of Romanic philology and literature. He obtained French citizenship in September 1914 and died the following year as a soldier on the frontline.

scholarly journals Establishing Digital Biomarkers for Occupational Health Assessment in Commercial Salmon Fishermen: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Elizabeth Wilbur ◽  
Jacob Spencer Griffin ◽  
Mark Sorensen ◽  
Robert Daniel Furberg
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Financial Gain

BACKGROUND Commercial salmon fishing in Alaska is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Between 1992 and 2008, the average annual industry mortality rate was 128 deaths per 100,000 workers, and despite an increase in industry regulations, there has not been a significant decrease in mortality rate since 2000. Unpredictable fishing openings and fierce competition for limited resources result in periods of intense sleep deprivation and physical strain during the short commercial salmon season in Alaska. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that the combined effect of sleep deprivation, intense physical workload, and significant short-term chronic stress may be deleterious to health in both the short- and long-term among commercial salmon drift gillnet fishermen in Alaska. The objective of this protocol is to determine the feasibility of the study design to test this hypothesis. METHODS The study design uses mixed methods and includes biometric monitoring consisting of heart rate variability, respiration, and movement data collected via a personal, wearable biometric device. Additional methods include observational data on activity, including duration and quality of sleep, weather, catch, and financial gain, as well as the collection of salivary cortisol. As such, the study will provide a holistic assessment of individual stress on multiple simultaneous timescales: immediately and continuously through the personal wearable biometric device, on the minute-hour level through the multiple daily collections of salivary cortisol, and by the hour-day through the use of participant and environment observational data. RESULTS Data collection was initiated in July 2017 and will extend through August 2019. Initial data collection has indicated that the methods outlined in this protocol are feasible and allow for effective collection of qualitative and quantitative data related to the psychological and physiological impact of Alaska commercial salmon fishing. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that the use of a biometric device will be crucial in establishing measures of stress and physical activity within a population and environment uniquely challenged by physical isolation, strong weather patterns, and the potential for significant financial gain by fishermen. The potential exists for individuals engaged long-term in the fishing industry, through repeated and extended exposure to periods of intense sleep deprivation and chronic stress, to be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/10215

scholarly journals Pengaruh Matematika GASING (Gampang, ASyIk, dan menyenaNGkan) pada Materi Perkalian Bilangan Bulat Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Matrikulasi STKIP Surya

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Armianti Armianti ◽  
Indri Yani ◽  
Kartika Widuri ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Integer Multiplication ◽  
The Many ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Academic Year

Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak peserta didik atau siswa yang kebingungan dalam konsep operasi bilangan bulat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya konflik konsep pemahaman operasi aritmatika bilangan bulat dengan pengetahun awal yang mereka miliki. Beberapa kasus di STKIP Surya, peserta matrikulasi juga masih cenderung menghafal tanpa tahu makna dari perkalian itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini digunakan Matematika GASING (Gampang, ASyIk, dan menyenaNGkan) untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Pembelajaran Matematika GASING untuk bilangan bulat menggunakan alat peraga yang dikenal dengan istilah Gunung Lembah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika GASING terhadap hasil belajar pada materi perkalian bilangan bulat. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah pre-experimental design dengan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posttests. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 17 peserta matrikulasi STKIP Surya tahun ajaran 2015/2016 dengan cara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian dikembangkan berdasarkan ranah kognitif taksonomi Bloom untuk aspek pemahaman. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan pembelajaran Matematika GASING. Pengaruh ini tampak dari adanya peningkatan (N-gain) hasil belajar untuk konsep perkalian bilangan bulat yang berada pada kriteria sedang yaitu sebesar 0,59.This research is motivated by the many participants matriculation is still confusion in the concept of integer operations due to conflicts concept of a preliminary understanding that they have the numbers (basic math like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division of positive integers). Participants matriculation also still tend to memorize without knowing the meaning of multiplication it self. Therefore, the use of mathematical GASING (Easy, fun, and enjoyable) to use props known as "Gunung Lembah". Mathematics GASING at no stage should be controlled matriculation participants to be able to master the material is well known as '' Titik Kritis GASING ''. The method used is pre-experimental design to study design one-group pretest-posttests. The sample in this study as many as 17 participants matriculation STKIP Surya academic year 2015/2016 by purposive sampling. The results in this study was the effect of the use of learning mathematics are GASING. In addition there is an increase (N-gain) learning outcomes for integer multiplication concept was moderate at 0,59.

Risk Perception Shadows

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 6-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stoffle ◽  
Michael Traugott ◽  
Camilla Harshbarger ◽  
Florence Jensen ◽  
Michael Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
The Many

The effects of radiation on humans are not clearly understood or agreed upon by scientists. Thus in any situation involving potential risk from radiation, the scientific assessment of facts—"probabilistic risk assessment"—is almost always disputed among experts. The public's assessment of risk—" risk perception"—is made even more complex by the many types of radiation and the fact that radiation is closely associated with controversial issues such as the potential of nuclear war and waste disposal problems. Given this milieu, the public has few firm standards against which to test their own perceptions of what radiation will or will not do to them and what can or cannot be done. to protect them from radioactivity. It is argued here that two factors—previous experience with analogous projects, and existing levels of trust in companies and agencies associated with radio activity—are important informing the public's radio activity—related risk perception

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