scholarly journals Estimates of Inequality Indices Based on Simple Random, Ranked Set, and Systematic Sampling

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Bansal ◽  
Sangeeta Arora ◽  
Kalpana K. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Bonferroni Index

Gini index, Bonferroni index, and Absolute Lorenz index are some popular indices of inequality showing different features of inequality measurement. In general simple random sampling procedure is commonly used to estimate the inequality indices and their related inference. The key condition that the samples must be drawn via simple random sampling procedure though makes calculations much simpler but this assumption is often violated in practice as the data does not always yield simple random sample. Nonsimple random samples like Ranked set sampling or stratified sampling are gaining popularity for estimating these indices. The purpose of the present paper is to compare the efficiency of simple random sample estimates of inequality indices with their nonsimple random counterparts. Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied to get the results for some specific distributions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Variance Estimators for Systematic Environmental Sample Surveys: Considerations for Post-Stratified Estimation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Bryce Frank ◽  
Vicente J. Monleon
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Variance Estimators ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Estimators ◽  
Species Specific

The estimation of the sampling variance of point estimators under two-dimensional systematic sampling designs remains a challenge, and several alternative variance estimators have been proposed in the past few decades. In this work, we compared six alternative variance estimators under Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and post-stratification (PS) point estimation regimes. We subsampled a multitude of species-specific forest attributes from a large, spatially balanced national forest inventory to compare the variance estimators. A variance estimator that assumes a simple random sampling design exhibited positive relative bias under both HT and PS point estimation regimes ranging between 1.23 to 1.88 and 1.11 to 1.78 for HT and PS, respectively. Alternative estimators reduced this positive bias with relative biases ranging between 1.01 to 1.66 and 0.90 to 1.64 for HT and PS, respectively. The alternative estimators generally obtained improved efficiencies under both HT and PS, with relative efficiency values ranging between 0.68 to 1.28 and 0.68 to 1.39, respectively. We identified two estimators as promising alternatives that provide clear improvements over the simple random sampling estimator for a wide variety of attributes and under HT and PS estimation regimes.

scholarly journals A Microcomputer Program for Assisting in the Design of Simple Random Samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Microcomputer Program ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Relationship

An interactive microcomputer program was developed to aid the design of simple random sampling with or without replacement. The program determines: (1) sample size for a set of given conditions for up to 20 variables; (2) combinations of conditions that will yield a given samples size; and (3) the relationship between percentage error and sample size for a given set of conditions. Potential applications are illustrated with three simple examples. Key Words: sample size, simple random sampling

scholarly journals Adoption of Four Crops Cultivation Pattern by the Farmers

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Pallab Goswami ◽  
Saiful Huda ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of adoption of four crops cultivation pattern by the farmers, to determine the factors influenced by the farmers in adopting four crops cultivation pattern and to explore the relationships between nine selected characteristics of the farmers with their adoption of four crops cultivation pattern. Data were collected from a sample of 104 farmers (out of 400) selected by simple random sampling procedure from Baragoan and Nargun union under Thakurgaon Sadar upazila of Thakurgaon district. A pretested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents during 15 September to 15 October, 2016. The highest proportion (75.0 percent) of the farmers had medium adoption of four crops cultivation pattern, while 23.1 and 1.9 percent of them had high and low adoption of four crops cultivation pattern respectively. The major factor influenced the farmers were “four crop cultivation is profitable’’, followed by “four crop cultivation is very important for food security.’’ Government subsidies are available when faced with the loss of crops, timely receipt of NGO loans and provides food for cattle had ranked last three positions. Correlation analyses indicated that among nine selected characteristics education, annual income, training received, organizational participation, extension media contact and agricultural knowledge had positive significant relationships with their adoption of four crops cultivation pattern. However, age, family size, and farm size of the farmers had no significant relationships with their adoption of four crops cultivation pattern.

Haphazard Sampling: Selection Biases Induced by Control Listing Properties and the Estimation Consequences of these Biases

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Hall ◽  
Andrew W. Higson ◽  
Bethane Jo Pierce ◽  
Kenneth H. Price ◽  
Christopher J. Skousen
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Inclusion Probabilities ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Visual Properties

ABSTRACT Haphazard sampling is a nonstatistical technique used by auditors to simulate a variety of random sampling techniques when testing the error status of accounting populations. In this study, we compare the properties of haphazard samples selected from control listings with the properties of simple random samples. We hypothesize that control listing entries exhibit salience values that result from the effort required to locate entries and the visual properties of entries. We further hypothesize these salience values influence sample selections and result in sample properties that are different from those of simple random samples. To test these hypotheses, we examine the properties of haphazard samples selected by three participant groups. In each group, sample properties differ from those of simple random sampling and include a lack of independence across sample selections and biased sample inclusion probabilities. We also develop models showing how biased sample inclusion probabilities influence error projections and discuss the estimation consequences of these biases. Data Availability: For information about data availability, please contact the first author.

Optimal Survey Design: Lessons from a Stratified Random Sample of Macrobenthos

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cuff ◽  
N. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
The Common ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Survey Designs ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Adequate Data

A stratified random sample of macrobenthos in Western Port (Victoria, Australia) provided adequate data to take an a posteriori look at the efficiency of various random survey designs in terms of their ability to provide precise estimates of the mean number of individuals per taxon, i.e. mean estimates with the smallest possible variance. Emphasis was placed on the efficiency of the stratified simple random sampling design. The analyses showed that bay-wide estimates resulting from various stratified designs would not have been substantially more precise than those from simple random sampling. This conclusion was not influenced by the allocation strategy used in the stratified design. On the other hand, substantial gains in precision could have been made, for the same total number of grab samples, by increasing the number of stations at the expense of the number of grab samples per station. Our data suggested that the optimal number of grab samples per station is only one, contrary to the common practice of multiple grab samples per station. Key words: stratified, random, survey, optimal, macrobenthos, sample, Western Port

scholarly journals Survey design and analysis considerations when utilizing misclassified sampling strata

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya A. Mitani ◽  
Nathaniel D. Mercaldo ◽  
Sebastien Haneuse ◽  
Jonathan S. Schildcrout
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Abstract Background A large multi-center survey was conducted to understand patients’ perspectives on biobank study participation with particular focus on racial and ethnic minorities. In order to enrich the study sample with racial and ethnic minorities, disproportionate stratified sampling was implemented with strata defined by electronic health records (EHR) that are known to be inaccurate. We investigate the effect of sampling strata misclassification in complex survey design. Methods Under non-differential and differential misclassification in the sampling strata, we compare the validity and precision of three simple and common analysis approaches for settings in which the primary exposure is used to define the sampling strata. We also compare the precision gains/losses observed from using a disproportionate stratified sampling scheme compared to using a simple random sample under varying degrees of strata misclassification. Results Disproportionate stratified sampling can result in more efficient parameter estimates of the rare subgroups (race/ethnic minorities) in the sampling strata compared to simple random sampling. When sampling strata misclassification is non-differential with respect to the outcome, a design-agnostic analysis was preferred over model-based and design-based analyses. All methods yielded unbiased parameter estimates but standard error estimates were lowest from the design-agnostic analysis. However, when misclassification is differential, only the design-based method produced valid parameter estimates of the variables included in the sampling strata. Conclusions In complex survey design, when the interest is in making inference on rare subgroups, we recommend implementing disproportionate stratified sampling over simple random sampling even if the sampling strata are misclassified. If the misclassification is non-differential, we recommend a design-agnostic analysis. However, if the misclassification is differential, we recommend using design-based analyses.

scholarly journals Social Media as Predictor of Job Search Skills among Undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Agun Tolulope Francisca ◽  
Atoyebi Adeola Olusegun
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The study investigated the level of job search skills among undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun state and determined the predictive ability social media on job search skills. It examined the influence of the social media on job search skills of undergraduates of the university, Further, it investigated the influence of demographic variables (sex, age and level) and area of specialisation on job search skills of the undergraduate students. These were with a view to providing information on the factor that could improve the job search skills of O.A.U undergraduate students.The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised 26,000 undergraduates of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State as at 2016/2017 academic session. The study sample comprised 496 students were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Out of the thirteen faculties, four faculties were selected using simple random sampling technique. Four departments were selected from each of the selected faculties using simple random sampling technique. Purposive sampling technique was used to select graduating students (Parts 4 or 5) from each of the faculties selected. One hundred and twenty-five undergraduates were selected from each faculty, using convenience sampling technique. An instrument titled “social media of Job Search Skills” was adapted from existing standardised instruments and used to collect data. Data collected were analysed using percentage, frequency counts, mean, standard deviation, linear regression, and ordinal logistic regression.The result showed that 21.4%, 55.6% and 23.0% of undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University students demonstrated low, moderate and high levels of job search skills respectively. Also, the predictive ability of social media showed that social media (0.323, p< 0.000) had a significant influence on students’ job search skills. The study concluded that social media could improve the job search skills among undergraduates of OAU.

scholarly journals A Study on the extent of adoption of ANGRAU Technologies in Groundnut crop by Farmers of Rayalaseema Zone of Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
K. Raghavendra Chowdary ◽  
. Vemaraju ◽  
M. Tejaswini ◽  
M. Reddi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Ex Post

Globally India ranks first in area and second in production. India, accounts for 31 % of the total groundnut area in the world with 26.4 Mha with a total production of 37.1 million MT. The average productivity is 1400 kg/ha. The annual global export of groundnuts is of two million MT valued at 2,600 million US $. In the present study, an attempt was made to find out the extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies in Anantapur and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh. Ex-post facto research design was selected as an appropriate research design to investigate the variables influencing extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies in groundnut cultivation. Two districts were selected purposively from Andhra Pradesh based on the highest area under groundnut cultivation. The names of the selected districts were Anantapur and Chittoor. Two mandals from each district were purposively selected based on the highest area of cotton cultivation thus constituting four mandals. Three villages from each mandal were selected by following simple random sampling procedure. The sample constituted to a total of twelve villages. From each of the selected village, ten farmers were selected by following lottery method of simple random sampling procedure. The sample constituted to a total of 120 respondents. Study showed that overwhelmingly (88.00%) of the members had adopted tractor drawn sowing, followed by two-thirds (66.00%) had adopted K-6 variety and seed treatment, 52.00 per cent had adopted Integrated pest management, 46.00 per cent adopted water management practices, 38.00 per cent had adopted water management practices, 28.00  per cent had adopted fertilizer management,  23.00 per cent had adopted Dharani variety, 18.00 per cent had adopted K-9 and 12.00 per cent of the respondents adopted sub soiler for land preparation and Anantha gorru for sowing of seed and groundnut stripper and minute (3.33%) had adopted recommended varieties of SAU.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With The Adherence To Unsupervised Daily Dose To Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention In Builsa North District, Upper East Region Of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheick Oumar Doumbia ◽  
Ernest Kenu ◽  
Ilo Dicko ◽  
Mountaga Diallo ◽  
Brahima Konate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention

Abstract Background: Since 2015, SMC with amodiaquine–sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ–SP) has been implemented during the high malaria transmission season in three regions of Ghana. Adherence to the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the critical determinants for successfully protecting children under five. In Ghana, there is limited evidence of sociodemographics and awareness factors associated with adherence to SMC. The purpose of this study was to explore the adherence level to SMC and the factors associated with adherence to SMC among caregivers in Builsa North District. Methods: In four (4) sub-district households in the Builsa North District, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The district was stratified into six, and four subdistricts were selected using simple random sampling. The 438 participants were recruited via balloting using a random sampling procedure. Illustrative summary statistics performed for frequencies. The knowledge of caregivers on Malaria and SMC was assessed by scoring correct answers to questions related to malaria and SMC. The association between SMC adherence and independent variables was tested using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher Exact Test. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed to determine associations and strength of associations between SMC adherence and the independent variables, with all results interpreted at 95 % confidence level. Results: The SMC adherence rates among the caregivers in the Builsa North District were respectively 95.36%, with an awareness level of 97.94%. The reasons reported for non-adherence were the child's refusal (38.46%), the child's vomiting of the drug (33.33%), the occurrence of an illness within the period of medication (15.38%), the forgetting to give the subsequent doses (12.82%). About half (49.31%) of caregivers had a good knowledge of malaria, while 66.51% had a fair knowledge of SMC. Significant predictors of SMC on multiple logistic regression were the place of residence, caregivers' satisfaction, and the source of knowledge.Conclusion: The adherence rate to SMC in Builsa North District is 95.36%. The key factors associated with SMC Adherence are being aware of SMC through non-health professional source, place of residence, and caregivers' satisfaction with the previous SMC campaign.

scholarly journals Estimation of a total for rotated sample design using auxiliary information

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoras Chadyšas
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Phase Sampling ◽  
Approximate Variance ◽  
Multi Phase

In this paper we focus on constructions of the total estimator for rotated sampling design. Successive sampling procedure using multi-phase sampling design have been developed. The composite ratio type estimator of the total using auxiliary  information and its approximate variance is constructed under simple random sampling design on each phase.

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