scholarly journals A Phase Noise Analysis Method for Millimeter-Wave Passive Imager BHU-2D-U Frequency Synthesizer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Xianxun Yao ◽  
Baohua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Error Control ◽  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Offset Frequency

A nontrivial phase noise analysis method is proposed for frequency synthesizer of a passive millimeter-wave synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (SAIR) imager for concealed weapon detections on human bodies with high imaging rates. The frequency synthesizer provides local oscillator signals for both millimeter-wave front ends and intermediate frequency IQ demodulators for the SAIR system. The influence of synthesizer phase noise in different offset frequency ranges on the visibility phase errors has been systematically investigated with noise requirements drawn, and the integrated RMS phase error could represent uncorrelated phase noise effects in the most critical offset frequency range for visibility error control. An analytical phase noise simulation method is proposed to guide synthesizer design. To conclude, the phase noise effects on SAIR visibility errors have been concretized to noise design requirements, and good agreements have been observed between simulation and measurement results. The frequency synthesizer designed has been successfully in operation in BHU-2D-U system.

scholarly journals LOCAL OSCILLATOR UNCORRELATED PHASE NOISE ANALYSIS FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE PASSIVE IMAGER BHU-2D FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Xianxun Yao ◽  
Baohua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Local Oscillator

scholarly journals Coherent Integration Loss Due to Nonstationary Phase Noise in High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Radars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Chagai Levy ◽  
Monika Pinchas ◽  
Yosef Pinhasi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Noise ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Coherent Integration ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
High Resolution Radar

Phase noise refers to the instability of an oscillator, which is the cause of instantaneous phase and frequency deviations in the carrier wave. This unavoidable instability adversely affects the performance of range–velocity radar systems, including synthetic aperture radars (SARs) and ground-moving target indicator (GMTI) radars. Phase noise effects should be considered in high-resolution radar designs, operating in millimeter wavelengths and terahertz frequencies, due to their role in radar capability during the reliable identification of target location and velocity. In general, phase noise is a random process consisting of nonstationary terms. It has been shown that in order to optimize the coherent detection of stealthy, fast-moving targets with a low radar cross-section (RCS), it is required to evaluate the integration gain and to determine the incoherent noise effects for resolving target location and velocity. Here, we present an analytical expression for the coherent integration loss when a nonstationary phase noise is considered. A Wigner distribution was employed to derive the time–frequency expression for the coherent loss when nonstationary conditions were considered. Up to now, no analytical expressions have been developed for coherent integration loss when dealing with real nonstationary phase noise mathematical models. The proposed expression will help radar systems estimate the nonstationary integration loss and adjust the decision threshold value in order to maximize the probability of detection. The effect of nonstationary phase noise is demonstrated for studying coherent integration loss of high-resolution radar operating in the W-band. The investigation indicates that major degradation in the time-frequency coherent integration due to short-term, nonstationary phase noise instabilities arises for targets moving at low velocities and increases with range. Opposed to the conventional model, which assumes stationarity, a significant difference of up to 25 dB is revealed in the integration loss for radars operating in the millimeter wave regime. Moreover, for supersonic moving targets, the loss peaks at intermediate distances and then reduces as the target moves away.

scholarly journals A Fast Settling Multi-Standard CMOS Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for DECT/GSM/ CDMA &/NADC Wireless Communication Standards

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Phase Noise ◽  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Saturation Region ◽  
Offset Frequency ◽  
Fast Settling

A fast settling multi-standard CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer for DECT, GSM, CDMA and NADC wireless communication standards is proposed. This frequency synthesizer was simulated with ADS2008 in TSMC RF CMOS 0.18 µm. Frequency range is 824-1900 MHz, a switched capacitor LC-VCO was used in order to produce this frequency range. Frequency synthesizers have three main specifications of phase noise, settling time and power consumption. A new channel select circuit was designed instead of ∑∆ modulator to locate spur tones far from center frequency. A high reference frequency was used in order to reduce the VCO phase noise and locate the spur tones far from center frequency; these tones are produced by charge pump (reference spur) and N/N+1 divider (fractional spur). Two ways were used for phase noise optimization; in the first way phase noise was reduced by a low pass filter and a bypass capacitor (CT) that eliminate thermal noise and 2ω0 harmonics of tail current source; in the second way with biasing of VCO transistors only in saturation region preventing reduction of quality factor(Q) in tank circuit. These two ways in VCO of DECT were used, consequently the phase noise at 1875MHz center frequency was improved from -119.4 dBc/Hz at 3.4 MHz offset frequency to -144.3 dBc/Hz at 3.4 MHz offset frequency. The settling time for all standards was achieved less than almost 1 μs over the entire frequency range. For DECT synthesizer phase noise of -116.37 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset frequency was obtained, the first spur tone was located in 7.35 MHz offset from center frequency, also settling time of 350ns was obtained. The whole frequency synthesizer in loop1 (for DECT) draws 13 mA and in loop2 (for GSM900, CDMA & NADC) draws 13.67 mA from a 1.8 V voltage supply.

Optimization of CMOS Quadrature VCO Using a Graphical Method

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Hassene Mnif ◽  
Dorra Mellouli ◽  
Mourad Loulou
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillators ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Quadrature Vco ◽  
Oscillator Phase Noise ◽  
Lc Tank

This chapter describes the design and the optimization of Quadrature Voltage Controlled Oscillators (QVCOs) based on the coupling of two LC-tank VCO. This work covers the phase noise analysis, a graphical optimization approach, already used to optimize LC oscillator phase noise (Andreani, Bonfanti, Romano, & Samori, 2002), to optimize QVCO phase noise while satisfying design constraints such as power dissipation, tank amplitude, tuning range and start up condition. The cross-coupling transistors impact on phase noise for different configurations is especially addressed. The obtained BS-QVCO, using 0.35µm CMOS process, can be tuned between 2.2GHz and 2.58GHz, and shows a phase noise of -129 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a 2.4 GHz carrier, for a current consumption of 9.25mW. The equivalent phase error and amplitude error between I and Q signals are respectively 0.65° and 1.87%.

Phase-Noise Analysis of Optically Generated Millimeter-Wave Signals With External Optical Modulation Techniques

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 4861-4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Qi ◽  
Jianping Yao ◽  
Joe Seregelyi ◽  
Stphane Paquet ◽  
Claude Belisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Optical Modulation ◽  
Modulation Techniques

Compensation of Phase Noise Effects for IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1330-1335
Author(s):  
Chien Sheng Chen ◽  
Yung Chuan Lin ◽  
He Nian Shou ◽  
Chi Tien Sun
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Fading Channel ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Ofdm Systems ◽  
Ofdm System ◽  
Ieee 802.16E ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Channel One

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system which provides high spectral efficiency has obvious advantages in robustness against the multipath delay spread and the fading channel. One of the major disadvantages of such a multi-carrier modulated system is the sensitivity of its performance to synchronization error, such as phase noise and frequency offset. Phase noise is caused by the mismatch between the transmitter and the receiver oscillators. Phase noise in an OFDM system can destroy the orthogonality of the subcarriers and cause inter-carrier interference (ICI). Phase noise resulting in common phase error (CPE) and Inter-Carrier Interference is a critical challenge to the implementation of OFDM systems. In this paper, the phase noise effects of the IEEE 802.16e OFDMA systems are compensated. The practical cluster-based method which is used to estimate either the CPE or the ICI coefficients in the fading channel and compensate the effects of phase error is also proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the performance caused by phase noise.

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