scholarly journals Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huldah I. Nwokeukwu ◽  
Paulinus N. Okafor ◽  
Onuka Okorie ◽  
Ihuoma K. Ukpabi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isin vitroresistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria.Objective.To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it.Methods.The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized.Results.A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen.Conclusion.Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of treatment outcome in multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases registered under Programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis services in Amritsar, Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Manisha Nagpal ◽  
Sarthak Chawla ◽  
Priyanka Devgun ◽  
Naresh Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health problem. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment success rate worldwide is around 50%.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all MDR-TB patients who were registered and being treated under PMDT services in Amritsar district from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015. The treatment outcome with their socio-demographic determinants was ascertained. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS.Results: Out of 87 MDR-TB patients, 57 (65.5%) were males and 30 (34.4%) were females. The various treatment outcomes observed were- 30 (34.5%) cured, 19 (21.8%) treatment completed, 18 (20.7%) died, 13 (14.9%) defaulted, 4 (4.6%) shifted to XDR TB regime and 3 (3.4%) failure.Conclusions: On statistical analysis, it was observed that age (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.024), educational status (p=0.011) and occupation (p=0.002) were significantly associated with the treatment outcome. Other factors like sex, type of family and socio-economic status did not affect the treatment outcome.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN EAST JAVA FROM 2014 TO 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Lailatul Fitriya ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a major public health problem marked by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to first line anti TB drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid simultaneously. A patient confirmed as having MDR TB can transmit this form of TB to other individuals. Therefore, treatment success is the main target when addressing MDR TB. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of MDR TB patients in East Java Province from 2014 to 2017. Method: This is a quantitative-descriptive study using the secondary data of drug resistant TB patients sourced from the e-TB Manager website in the East Java Province Health Office. Results: The results show that the average MDR TB patients was 47 years old, 57.44% were male, 37.52% had a negative HIV status, 44.87% were relapse patients, 71.95% had undergone two or less previous treatments, and 69.24% had sputum culture conversion. The treatment outcomes included 161 patients (31.14%) confirmed as cured, 27 patients (5.22%) completing treatment, 174 patients (33.65%) defaulting, two patients (0.38%) confirmed as having failed treatment, and 59 patients (11.41%) dying during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low and the number of defaults was high. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be support from those closest to the patient and health workers who will maintain and increase the patient's motivation to complete the treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and its medications on adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e034821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Addis Alene ◽  
Akilew Awoke Adane ◽  
Alemken Jegnie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a common public health problem affecting pregnant women. However, the impact of MDR-TB and its medication on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes has been poorly understood and inconsistently reported. Therefore, using the available literature, we aim to determine whether MDR-TB and its medications during pregnancy impact maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Systematic searches will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science on 10 February 2020 for studies that reported adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes due to MDR-TB and/or its medication. The search will be performed without language and time restrictions. Adverse birth outcomes include miscarriage or abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, small and large for gestational age, and neonatal death. Two independent reviewers will screen search records, extract data and assess the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. In addition to a narrative synthesis, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted when sufficient data are available. I2 statistics will be used to assess the heterogeneity between studies.Ethics and disseminationAs it will be a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published evidence, there will be no requirement for ethical approval. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at various conferences.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554
Author(s):  
Sita Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has been increased worldwide which is a severe problem. A case-control study was carried out among 50 MDR-TB cases and 63 drug susceptible controls to identify risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Lumbini Zone. Irregularity in taking medicine (OR=2.36), large family size (OR=2.40), farming as occupation (OR=2.83), history of TB and bovine at home (OR=6.5) were statistically associated with MDR-TB. Most of the MDR-TB cases were males (82%) and individual with the age group 21-30 years (40%) were highly infected with MDR-TBInt. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 548-554

scholarly journals The Relationship between Previous Tuberculosis Treatment and HIV Status with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Dyan Kunthi Nugrahaeni ◽  
Salma Zaqiya
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is becoming major public health issues in the world. Among the causes are history of previous TB treatment and increased co-infection of TB-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This study aimed to identify the relationship between history of previous TB treatment and HIV status with MDR-TB. This is a case control study. The sample case was patients with MDR-TB, while sample control was patient who have drug-sensitive TB. Secondary data was obtained from patient medical records and laboratory results at Rotinsulu Pulmonary Hospital Bandung. Data were analyzed using chi-square. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the dominant factor that influence the occurrence of MDR-TB. This study showed that the history of previous TB treatment was statistically significant with MDR-TB (p value= 0.001; OR= 18.889; 95% CI= 4.093-87.172) and it is the dominant factor that influence MDR-TB (p value= 0.0001; OR= 56.84; 95% CI= 6.9- 468.87). HIV infection at control group (who contracted drug-sensitive TB) was 26.1% (p value= 0.022). This finding suggested that HIV testing should be performed to each TB and MDR-TB patients and increased collaboration TB-HIV program between the other health care facilities should ensue. Drug sensitivity testing should be conducted at the start of TB treatment for patients with previous TB treatment and TB-HIV co-infection.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study of 2,267 cases from 2011 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Van ◽  
Phan Trieu Phu ◽  
Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽  
Vo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcome. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different health-care settings. Vietnam is among the 30 countries with high burden of MDR-TB. We aim to describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome of MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods This retrospective study included 2,267 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment from 2011 to 2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available in 2,241 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results Among 2,267 eligible cases, 60.2% were failure of category I or II regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. Notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011 to 2015.Treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (odds ratio (OR): 2.92), advanced age (OR: 1.47 for every increase of 5 years for patients older than 60), having history of MDR-TB treatment (OR: 5.65), sputum smear grade scanty and 1+ (OR: 1.48), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (OR: 2.07), low BMI (OR: 0.84 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion Our study describes the increasing burden of MDR-TB in HCMC and the need for better drug resistance screening for all TB patients. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition and history of previous MDR-TB treatment should receive additional care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Using GeneXpert Assay in Northern Sudan, How Serious is the Situation?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufian Khalid Noor ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin ◽  
Ziryab Imad Mahmoud ◽  
Mohammed Salah ◽  
Taqwa Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 558000 new cases with resistance to Rifampicin, of which 82% had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Objectives: We aimed to identify the prevalence of MDR-TB in River Nile state, Sudan, and the risk factors contributing to its occurrence. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study involved 200 specimens taken from patients suspected of having MDR-TB tested using an automated GeneXpert assay. Results: Results of GeneXpert assay showed that the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 81 (40.5%), and out of 81 positive test results there were 13 (16%) had MDR-TB. Additionally, 7 cases of MDR-TB were previously treated which represented about (53%) of MDR patients, the remaining 6 MDR-TB patients were new cases and represented (47%) of MDR-TB patients. Moreover, there were 4 MDR-TB patients who had a history of contact with MDR-TB patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR-TB in River Nile State, Sudan was 16%, which is greater than WHO estimation for Sudan (10.1%). The results revealed that the main risk factor to develop MDR-TB was a history of contact with MDR-TB, so adherence to treatment and social awareness about the spread of MDR-TB are crucial preventive measures.

scholarly journals Early detection of Pre-XDR TB with line probe assay in a high TB burden country

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-974
Author(s):  
Laura Madukaji ◽  
Isaac Okohu ◽  
Saheed Usman ◽  
Uche Oyedum ◽  
Abdullah Enagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Line Probe Assay ◽  
North Central ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Probe Assay ◽  
And Control

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death. Drug resistant tuberculosis has lately become a major public health problem that threatens progress made in Tuberculosis (TB) care and control worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Pre-extensive drug resistant TB among MDR TB in North Central of Nigeria. Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2018 to August, 2019 with 150 samples. In Nigeria, guidelines for DR-TB as recommended by WHO is followed. All the samples from the patients who gave their consent were transported to a zonal reference TB laboratory (ZRL). Results: Mean age was 38.6 ± 13.4 years with peak age at 35-44. Out of these 103 samples processed with LPA, 101(98%) were rifampicin resistant and 2 were rifampicin sensitive, 99(96%) were INH resistant and 4 (4%) were INH sensitive, 5(5%) were fluoroquinolone resistant, 98(95%) were fluoroquinolone sensitive, 12 (12%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin resistant, 91(83%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin sensitive. Conclusion: Multidrug resistant TB and its severe forms (Pre-extensive & extensively drug resistant TB) can be detected early with rapid tool- Line Probe Assay rapid and prevented timely by early initiation on treatment. Keywords: Pre-XDR TB; line probe assay in a high TB burden country.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with multidrug resistant tuberculosis among patients referred to Kibong’oto Infectious Disease Hospital in northern Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsiande A. Lema ◽  
Peter M. Mbelele ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Ahmed Abade ◽  
Mecky I. Matee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains is an important public health problem in developing world. We conducted this study to determine risk factors associated with MDR-TB and drug susceptibility pattern to second line drug among MDR TB patients in Tanzania.Methods: Unmatched case control study was conducted at Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital in Tanzania in 2014. A case was defined as any patient whose sputum yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis that were resistance to at least rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) whereas control was defined as those sensitive to rifampin (RFP) + isoniazid (INH).  One morning sputum sample was collected from each study subject and cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) media for M. tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility testing of isolated M. tuberculosis was done for rifampicin, isoniazid, kanamycin and ofloxacin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk factors information for MDR-TB. Results: A total of 102 cases and 102 controls were enrolled. The predominant age group was 31- 40 years, of whom cases and controls accounted for 38 (37.3%) and 35 (34.3%) of the study subjects, respectively. Majority of participants (69% cases and 71% control) were males and self-employed (62.7% cases and 84.4% controls). More than half (52%) and approximately a quarter (24.5%) of cases and control had HIV infection, respectively. About two-thirds of cases (62.7%) were cigarette smokers compared to controls (42.2%). Previous history of TB treatment accounted for approximately three folds in cases (72.5%) and only 24.5% in controls. Risk factors independently associated with MDR-TB were previous history of treatment with first line anti-TB (OR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.3), smoking (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5), contact with TB case (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.1) and history of TB. All MDR TB isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: MDR-TB among patients referred to Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital is associated with previous history of TB contact, smoking habit, and contact with TB case. All MDR TB isolates were sensitive to the tested second line drugs, Kanamycin and Ofloxacin.

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