Prospective Study of Moxifloxacin prophylaxis in Patients Suffering with HIV Having Contact History of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isin vitroresistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria.Objective.To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it.Methods.The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized.Results.A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen.Conclusion.Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.

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Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i4.18771 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 548-554

Author(s):

Sita Paudel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Large Family ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Large Family Size ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has been increased worldwide which is a severe problem. A case-control study was carried out among 50 MDR-TB cases and 63 drug susceptible controls to identify risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Lumbini Zone. Irregularity in taking medicine (OR=2.36), large family size (OR=2.40), farming as occupation (OR=2.83), history of TB and bovine at home (OR=6.5) were statistically associated with MDR-TB. Most of the MDR-TB cases were males (82%) and individual with the age group 21-30 years (40%) were highly infected with MDR-TBInt. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 548-554

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The Relationship between Previous Tuberculosis Treatment and HIV Status with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v14i3.14087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352

Author(s):

Dyan Kunthi Nugrahaeni ◽

Salma Zaqiya

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is becoming major public health issues in the world. Among the causes are history of previous TB treatment and increased co-infection of TB-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This study aimed to identify the relationship between history of previous TB treatment and HIV status with MDR-TB. This is a case control study. The sample case was patients with MDR-TB, while sample control was patient who have drug-sensitive TB. Secondary data was obtained from patient medical records and laboratory results at Rotinsulu Pulmonary Hospital Bandung. Data were analyzed using chi-square. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the dominant factor that influence the occurrence of MDR-TB. This study showed that the history of previous TB treatment was statistically significant with MDR-TB (p value= 0.001; OR= 18.889; 95% CI= 4.093-87.172) and it is the dominant factor that influence MDR-TB (p value= 0.0001; OR= 56.84; 95% CI= 6.9- 468.87). HIV infection at control group (who contracted drug-sensitive TB) was 26.1% (p value= 0.022). This finding suggested that HIV testing should be performed to each TB and MDR-TB patients and increased collaboration TB-HIV program between the other health care facilities should ensue. Drug sensitivity testing should be conducted at the start of TB treatment for patients with previous TB treatment and TB-HIV co-infection.

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study of 2,267 cases from 2011 to 2015

10.21203/rs.2.12034/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Le Hong Van ◽

Phan Trieu Phu ◽

Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽

Vo Thanh Son ◽

Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcome. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different health-care settings. Vietnam is among the 30 countries with high burden of MDR-TB. We aim to describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome of MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods This retrospective study included 2,267 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment from 2011 to 2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available in 2,241 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results Among 2,267 eligible cases, 60.2% were failure of category I or II regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. Notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011 to 2015.Treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (odds ratio (OR): 2.92), advanced age (OR: 1.47 for every increase of 5 years for patients older than 60), having history of MDR-TB treatment (OR: 5.65), sputum smear grade scanty and 1+ (OR: 1.48), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (OR: 2.07), low BMI (OR: 0.84 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion Our study describes the increasing burden of MDR-TB in HCMC and the need for better drug resistance screening for all TB patients. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition and history of previous MDR-TB treatment should receive additional care.

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Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Using GeneXpert Assay in Northern Sudan, How Serious is the Situation?

10.20944/preprints202109.0314.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sufian Khalid Noor ◽

Mohamed Osman Elamin ◽

Ziryab Imad Mahmoud ◽

Mohammed Salah ◽

Taqwa Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

World Health ◽

River Nile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 558000 new cases with resistance to Rifampicin, of which 82% had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Objectives: We aimed to identify the prevalence of MDR-TB in River Nile state, Sudan, and the risk factors contributing to its occurrence. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study involved 200 specimens taken from patients suspected of having MDR-TB tested using an automated GeneXpert assay. Results: Results of GeneXpert assay showed that the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 81 (40.5%), and out of 81 positive test results there were 13 (16%) had MDR-TB. Additionally, 7 cases of MDR-TB were previously treated which represented about (53%) of MDR patients, the remaining 6 MDR-TB patients were new cases and represented (47%) of MDR-TB patients. Moreover, there were 4 MDR-TB patients who had a history of contact with MDR-TB patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR-TB in River Nile State, Sudan was 16%, which is greater than WHO estimation for Sudan (10.1%). The results revealed that the main risk factor to develop MDR-TB was a history of contact with MDR-TB, so adherence to treatment and social awareness about the spread of MDR-TB are crucial preventive measures.

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Treatment outcome among cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Western India: A prospective study

Journal of Infection and Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 478-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sangita V. Patel ◽

Kapil B. Nimavat ◽

Patel B. Alpesh ◽

Lipy K. Shukla ◽

Kalpita S. Shringarpure ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Western India ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

A Prospective Study

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Risk factors associated with multidrug resistant tuberculosis among patients referred to Kibong’oto Infectious Disease Hospital in northern Tanzania

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v18i4.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nsiande A. Lema ◽

Peter M. Mbelele ◽

Mtebe Majigo ◽

Ahmed Abade ◽

Mecky I. Matee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Previous History ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Second Line ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains is an important public health problem in developing world. We conducted this study to determine risk factors associated with MDR-TB and drug susceptibility pattern to second line drug among MDR TB patients in Tanzania.Methods: Unmatched case control study was conducted at Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital in Tanzania in 2014. A case was defined as any patient whose sputum yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis that were resistance to at least rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) whereas control was defined as those sensitive to rifampin (RFP) + isoniazid (INH). One morning sputum sample was collected from each study subject and cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) media for M. tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility testing of isolated M. tuberculosis was done for rifampicin, isoniazid, kanamycin and ofloxacin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk factors information for MDR-TB. Results: A total of 102 cases and 102 controls were enrolled. The predominant age group was 31- 40 years, of whom cases and controls accounted for 38 (37.3%) and 35 (34.3%) of the study subjects, respectively. Majority of participants (69% cases and 71% control) were males and self-employed (62.7% cases and 84.4% controls). More than half (52%) and approximately a quarter (24.5%) of cases and control had HIV infection, respectively. About two-thirds of cases (62.7%) were cigarette smokers compared to controls (42.2%). Previous history of TB treatment accounted for approximately three folds in cases (72.5%) and only 24.5% in controls. Risk factors independently associated with MDR-TB were previous history of treatment with first line anti-TB (OR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.3), smoking (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5), contact with TB case (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.1) and history of TB. All MDR TB isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: MDR-TB among patients referred to Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital is associated with previous history of TB contact, smoking habit, and contact with TB case. All MDR TB isolates were sensitive to the tested second line drugs, Kanamycin and Ofloxacin.

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A case control study for factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in East Sikkim, India

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.792 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

F A Zaman ◽

V K Mehta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Previous History ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Tb Control ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in the developing world and India is the highest TB burden country in the world in terms of absolute number of incident cases that occur each year. The emergence of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The hilly state of Sikkim has the highest proportion of MDR TB cases in India. Hence there is an emerging need to identify the factors for the rapid rise of MDR TB in Sikkim. Methods All the MDR TB cases registered under Revised National TB Control Programme in East district of Sikkim in the first & second quarter of 2019 was compared with double the number of matched controls taken from the same geographical area and ethnicity but not from the same family members. Results A total of 78 cases and 156 controls were studied. The mean age of the study participants was 43 years (SD ± 14 years). The most statistically significant risk factors were as follows: overcrowding (OR 2.68); household air pollution (OR 2.55); inadequate ventilation (OR 2.05); previous history of tuberculosis (OR 4.03) with history of relapse/failure; known contact of MDR tuberculosis (OR 4.01); having diabetes (OR 3.96); smoking (OR 3.96) Conclusions This study shows that clinical and demographic features can be used to indicate higher risks of drug resistance in this setting. Information was obtained on why Sikkim being a small State with very less population and a good per capita expenditure in health has the highest proportion of MDR-TB in India. Key messages Sikkim is the smallest state in India with the highest proportion of MDR TB. Previous history of TB with history of relapse/failure, contact of MDR TB emerged as the most significant risk factors.

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Knowledge and practice of health workers about control and prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in referral hospitals, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e022948 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kefyalew Addis Alene ◽

Akilew Awoke Adane ◽

Sisay Yifiru ◽

Bikes Destaw Bitew ◽

Aynishet Adane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge And Practice

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of health workers about multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) prevention and control.Study design and settingsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar University Referral Hospital and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital.ParticipantsRandomly selected health workers (ie, medical doctor, nurse, health officer, pharmacy, medical laboratory and midwifery) were the study participants.Outcome measuresThe main outcomes were knowledge and self-reported practice of health workers about MDR-TB.ResultsA total of 377 health workers (with a response rate of 93.7%) participated in the study. The majority of respondents were nurses (52.5%, n=198) and medical doctors (15.6%, n=59). The mean knowledge score was seven out of 10; 149 (39.5%) of respondents scored seven or more which was considered as good knowledge. MDR-TB knowledge of health workers was significantly associated with having a postgraduate degree (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.78; 95% CI 2.33 to 14.33), taking infection prevention training (AOR=1.79; 95% CI 1.00, to 3.17) and having a history of tuberculosis (TB) (AOR=1.85; 95% CI 1.12, to 3.03). The mean self-reported practice score was four out of seven; one-fifth (19.6%) of respondents scored four or more which was considered as good practice. Self-reported practice of health workers was significantly associated with working at internal medicine (AOR=4.64; 95% CI 1.99, to 10.81) and paediatrics (AOR=3.85; 95% CI 1.11, to 13.34) wards, being in the age groups of 26–30 years (AOR=2.70; 95% CI 1.27, to 5.76), and 30 years and above (AOR=4.42; 95% CI 1.77, to 11.00).ConclusionsThis study found low knowledge and self-reported practice score among health workers. MDR-TB knowledge of health workers was significantly associated with educational status, infection prevention training and previous history of TB. This finding highlights the potential of providing MDR-TB training for health workers to increase their knowledge about MDR-TB.

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Incidence Density and Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Among Individuals With Previous Tuberculosis History: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.644347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Qinglin Cheng ◽

Li Xie ◽

Le Wang ◽

Min Lu ◽

Qingchun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Incidence Density ◽

Age Group ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

History Of

Background: To date, too little attention has been paid to monitoring and estimating the risk of incident multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among individuals with a previous tuberculosis history (PTBH). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for MDR-TB in those individuals.Methods: Between 2005 and 2020, a large, retrospective, population-based cohort study was performed in Hangzhou, China. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to evaluate independent predictors of incident MDR-TB among individuals with PTBH.Results: The incidence density of MDR-TB was 22.6 per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence level and an interval of 20.9–24.3) for individuals with PTBH. The incidence of MDR-TB increased significantly in individuals who• were under 60 years old.• were male.• had a history of direct contact.• came from low-income families.• worked in high-risk occupations.• lived in rural areas.• had a retreatment TB history.• had an unfavorable outcome in their previous treatment (P < 0.05).In addition, we found that the following factors were significantly linked to the MDR-TB risk among individuals with PTBH (P < 0.05):• sociodemographic factors such as the 21–30 and 31–40 year age groups, or a history of direct contact.• clinical factors like passive modes of TB case finding (PMTCF), human immunodeficiency virus infection, unfavorable treatment outcomes, retreated TB history, non-standardized treatment regimens of retreatment TB patients, and duration of pulmonary cavities (DPC).• microbiological factors, such as duration of positive sputum culture.We also found that the 21–30 year age group, low family income, and PMTCF were significantly linked to incident MDR-TB only in males with PTBH, whilst the 41–50 year age group, extended treatment course, and DPC were significantly associated with female MDR-TB only.Conclusion: The incidence of MDR-TB was high, with a higher rate among subjects with a history of direct contact and unfavorable treatment outcomes. There was a gender difference in the incidence density and risk factors of MDR-TB among individuals with PTBH. Long-term monitoring and gender-specific risk-factor modifications should be given to individuals with PTBH.

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