scholarly journals TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN EAST JAVA FROM 2014 TO 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Lailatul Fitriya ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a major public health problem marked by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to first line anti TB drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid simultaneously. A patient confirmed as having MDR TB can transmit this form of TB to other individuals. Therefore, treatment success is the main target when addressing MDR TB. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of MDR TB patients in East Java Province from 2014 to 2017. Method: This is a quantitative-descriptive study using the secondary data of drug resistant TB patients sourced from the e-TB Manager website in the East Java Province Health Office. Results: The results show that the average MDR TB patients was 47 years old, 57.44% were male, 37.52% had a negative HIV status, 44.87% were relapse patients, 71.95% had undergone two or less previous treatments, and 69.24% had sputum culture conversion. The treatment outcomes included 161 patients (31.14%) confirmed as cured, 27 patients (5.22%) completing treatment, 174 patients (33.65%) defaulting, two patients (0.38%) confirmed as having failed treatment, and 59 patients (11.41%) dying during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low and the number of defaults was high. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be support from those closest to the patient and health workers who will maintain and increase the patient's motivation to complete the treatment.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of treatment outcome in multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases registered under Programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis services in Amritsar, Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Manisha Nagpal ◽  
Sarthak Chawla ◽  
Priyanka Devgun ◽  
Naresh Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health problem. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment success rate worldwide is around 50%.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all MDR-TB patients who were registered and being treated under PMDT services in Amritsar district from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015. The treatment outcome with their socio-demographic determinants was ascertained. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS.Results: Out of 87 MDR-TB patients, 57 (65.5%) were males and 30 (34.4%) were females. The various treatment outcomes observed were- 30 (34.5%) cured, 19 (21.8%) treatment completed, 18 (20.7%) died, 13 (14.9%) defaulted, 4 (4.6%) shifted to XDR TB regime and 3 (3.4%) failure.Conclusions: On statistical analysis, it was observed that age (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.024), educational status (p=0.011) and occupation (p=0.002) were significantly associated with the treatment outcome. Other factors like sex, type of family and socio-economic status did not affect the treatment outcome.

Treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis according to pyrazinamide susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
K-W. Jo ◽  
T. S. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Effective Drugs

BACKGROUND: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, PZA has recently been demoted within the hierarchy of TB drugs used for MDR-TB.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate treatment outcomes for simple MDR-TB (susceptible to both second-line injectable drugs and fluoroquinolones) according to PZA susceptibility.RESULTS: Among 216 pulmonary MDR-TB patients included in the study, 68 (31.5%) were PZA-resistant (PZA-R). The mean age was 41.8 years, and 63.4% were male. Baseline characteristics such as comorbidity, previous TB history, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear positivity and cavitation were similar in PZA-susceptible (PZA-S) and PZA-R patients. The number of potentially effective drugs was slightly higher among PZA-S patients than among the PZA-R (5.1 vs. 4.8, respectively; P = 0.003). PZA was more frequently used in PZA-S patients (73.0%) than in the PZA-R (14.7%), while para-aminosalicylic acid was more frequently used in PZA-R than in PZA-S patients (76.5% vs. 50.7%). The treatment success rate was similar in PZA-S (77.7%) and PZA-R (75.0%) patients. PZA resistance was not associated with treatment success in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: PZA-resistant simple MDR-TB patients had the same treatment success rate as the PZA-susceptible group even without using novel anti-TB drugs.

scholarly journals Adverse treatment outcomes in multidrug resistant tuberculosis go beyond the microbe-drug interaction: Results of a multiple correspondence analysis.

Biomédica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-625
Author(s):  
Ángela Tobón ◽  
Johana Rueda ◽  
Diego H. Cáceres ◽  
Gloria I. Mejía ◽  
Elsa M. Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is effective in 50% of patients due to several factors including antibiotic susceptibility of the microorganism, adverse treatment reactions, social factors, and associated comorbidities.Objectives: In this study, we describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Medellín, Colombia.Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from patients diagnosed with MDR-TB attending Hospital La María in Medellín, Colombia, for treatment between 2010 and 2015. Patients were categorized as having successful (cured) or poor (failure, lost to follow-up, and death) treatment outcomes. Associations between demographic, clinical factors, laboratory results, treatment outcomes, and follow-up information were evaluated by univariate, multivariate, and multiple correspondence analyses.Results: Of the 128 patients with MDR-TB, 77 (60%) had successful outcomes. Of those with poor outcomes, 26 were lost to follow-up, 15 died, and 10 were treatment failures. Irregular treatment, the presence of comorbidities, and positive cultures after more than two months of treatment were associated with poor outcomes compared to successful ones (p<0.05 for all). The multiple correspondence analyses grouped patients who were lost to follow-up, had HIV, and drug addiction, as well as patients with treatment failure, irregular treatment, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusion: The recognition of factors affecting treatment is essential and was associated with treatment outcomes in this series of patients. Early identification of these factors should increase the rates of treatment success and contribute to MDR-TB control.

scholarly journals Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huldah I. Nwokeukwu ◽  
Paulinus N. Okafor ◽  
Onuka Okorie ◽  
Ihuoma K. Ukpabi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isin vitroresistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria.Objective.To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it.Methods.The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized.Results.A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen.Conclusion.Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Safety of Bedaquiline-containing Regimens for Treatment on Patients With Refractory Rifampicin/multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in East China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Jun Zhang ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Wen-Wen Sun ◽  
Zhong-Shun Zhang ◽  
He-ping Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
East China ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion ◽  
Closing Rate

Abstract Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing and bedaquiline-free regimens for treatment of patients with refractory rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB).Methods: Patients with refractory RR/MDR-TB receiving bedaquiline-containing regimens (bedaquiline group, n=102) and bedaquiline-free regimens (non-bedaquiline group, n=100) were included in this retrospective historical control study across East China. The culture conversion, end-of-treatment outcomes, cavity closing rate, and adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of treatment success and culture reversion.Results: The baseline characteristics of the patients were well balanced between the two groups. The culture conversion rates in the bedaquiline group at month 3 (89.2% vs. 66.0%), month 6 (90.2% vs. 72.0%), month 9 (91.2% vs. 66.0%), and month 12 (94.1% vs. 65.0%) were all significantly higher than those in the non-bedaquiline group (all p<0.001). Similar results were observed in the cavity closing rate at month 9 (19.6% vs. 8.0%, p=0.017) and month 12 (39.2% vs. 15.0%, p<0.001). Patients receiving bedaquiline-containing regimens had more treatment success than those receiving bedaquiline-free regimens (p<0.001; cure rate, 69.6% vs. 45.0%; complete the treatment, 22.5% vs. 18.0%; treatment success, 92.2% vs. 63.0%). The use of bedaquiline was identified as an independent predictor of both treatment success (OR=7.356, 95% CI: 2.920–18.530, p<0.001) and culture reversion (OR=0.124, 95% CI: 0.035–0.452, p<0.001). AEs were similarly reported in 26.5% of patients in the bedaquiline group and 19.0% in the non-bedaquiline group (p=0.206).Conclusions: Bedaquiline-containing regimens resulted in better treatment outcomes and similar safety relative to bedaquiline-free regimens for patients with refractory pulmonary RR/MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Task-shifting directly observed treatment and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis injection administration to lay health workers: stakeholder perceptions in rural Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Peresu ◽  
J. Christo Heunis ◽  
N. Gladys Kigozi ◽  
Diana De Graeve
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Abstract Background Eswatini is facing a critical shortage of human resources for health (HRH) and limited access to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment in rural areas. This study assessed multiple stakeholders’ perceptions of task-shifting directly observed treatment (DOT) supervision and administration of intramuscular MDR-TB injections to lay health workers (LHWs). Methods A mixed methods study comprising a cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire with community treatment supporters (CTSs) and a focus group discussion with key stakeholders including representatives from the Eswatini Ministry of Health (MOH), donor organisations, professional regulatory institutions, nursing academia, civil society and healthcare providers was conducted in May 2017. Descriptive statistics, thematic content analysis and data triangulation aided in the interpretation of results. Results A large majority of CTSs (n = 78; 95.1%) were female and 33 (40.2%) were older than 50 years. Most (n = 7; 70.0%) key stakeholders had over 10 years of work experience in policy-making, advocacy in the fields of HRH or day-to-day practice in MDR-TB management. Task-shifting of MDR-TB injection administration was implemented without national policy guidance and regulation. Stakeholders viewed the strategy to be driven by the prevailing shortage of professional frontline HRH and limited access to MDR-TB treatment. Task-shifting was perceived to improve medication adherence, and reduce stigma and transport-related MDR-TB treatment access barriers. Frontline healthcare workers and implementing donor partners fully supported task-shifting. Policy-makers and other stakeholders accepted task-shifting conditionally due to fears of poor standards of care related to perceived incompetence of CTSs. Appropriate compensation, adequate training and supervision, and non-financial incentives were suggested to retain CTSs. A holistic task-shifting policy and collaboration between the MOH, academia and nursing council in regulating the practice were recommended. Conclusions Stakeholders generally accepted the delegation of DOT supervision and administration of intramuscular MDR-TB injections to LHWs as a strategy to increase access to treatment, albeit with some apprehension. Findings from this study stress that task-shifting is not a panacea for HRH shortages, but a short-term solution that must form part of an overall simultaneous strategy to train, attract and retain adequate numbers of professional healthcare workers in Eswatini. To address some of the apprehension and ambivalence about expanding access to MDR-TB services through task-shifting, attention should be paid to important aspects such as competence-based training, certification and accreditation, adequate supportive on-the-job supervision, recognition, compensation, and expediting policy and regulatory support for LHWs.

scholarly journals Treatment Outcomes and Adverse Drug Effects of Ethambutol, Cycloserine, and Terizidone for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. e00744-20
Author(s):  
Martha L. van der Walt ◽  
Karen Shean ◽  
Piet Becker ◽  
Karen H. Keddy ◽  
Joey Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Default Rates ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

ABSTRACTTreatment outcomes among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients receiving ethambutol, cycloserine, or terizidone as part of a standardized regimen were compared, determining occurrence of serious adverse drug events (SADEs). Newly diagnosed adult MDR-TB patients were enrolled between 2000 and 2004, receiving a standardized multidrug regimen for 18 to 24 months, including ethambutol, cycloserine, or terizidone. Cycloserine and terizidone were recorded individually. SADEs and factors associated with culture conversion and unfavorable treatment outcomes (default, death, treatment failure) were determined. Of 858 patients, 435 (51%) received ethambutol, 278 (32%) received cycloserine, and 145 (17%) received terizidone. Demographic and baseline clinical data were comparable. Successful treatment occurred in 56%, significantly more in patients receiving cycloserine (60%) and terizidone (62%) than in those receiving ethambutol (52% [P = 0.03]). Defaults rates were 30% in ethambutol patients versus 15% and 11% for cycloserine and terizidone patients, respectively. Terizidone was associated with fewer unfavorable outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.4; P = 0.008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 0.8). Patients receiving cycloserine were more likely to achieve culture conversion than those receiving ethambutol or terizidone (AOR, 2.2; P = 0.02; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.38). Failure to convert increased the odds of unfavorable outcomes (AOR, 23.7; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13 to 44). SADEs were reported in two patients receiving ethambutol, seven patients receiving cycloserine, and three receiving terizidone (P = 0.05). Ethambutol was associated with high culture conversion and default rates. Cycloserine achieved higher culture conversion rates than terizidone. Fewer patients on terizidone experienced SADEs, with lower default rates. The differences that we observed between cycloserine and terizidone require further elucidation.

scholarly journals An updated systematic review and meta-analysis for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1600803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽  
Zhiyi Lan ◽  
Dick Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

This systematic review aimed to update the current evidence for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment.We searched for studies that reported treatment information and clinical characteristics for at least 25 patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB and either end of treatment outcomes, 6-month culture conversion or severe adverse events (SAEs). We assessed the association of these outcomes with patients' characteristics or treatment parameters. We identified 74 studies, including 17 494 participants.The pooled treatment success was 26% in extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) patients and 60% in MDR-TB patients. Treatment parameters such as number or duration and individual drugs were not associated with improved 6-month sputum culture conversion or end of treatment outcomes. However, MDR-TB patients that received individualised regimens had higher success than patients who received standardised regimens (64% versus 52%; p<0.0.01). When reports from 20 cohorts were pooled, proportions of SAE ranged from 0.5% attributed to ethambutol to 12.2% attributed to para-aminosalicylic acid. The lack of significant associations of treatment outcomes with specific drugs or regimens may reflect the limitations of pooling the data rather than a true lack of differences in efficacy of regimens or individual drugs.This analysis highlights the need for stronger evidence for treatment of MDR-TB from better-designed and reported studies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing, China: a retrospective observational study from 2010 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Ya Yu ◽  
Changting Du ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Daiyu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

AbstractChina is one of the top 30 countries with high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) burden. Chongqing is a southwest city of China with a large rural population. A retrospective observational study has been performed based on routine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance data in Chongqing from 2010 to 2017. The MDR/RR-TB notification rate increased from 0.03 cases per 100,000 population in 2010 to 2.09 cases per 100,000 population in 2017. The extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) notification rate has increased to 0.09 cases per 100,000 population in 2017. There was a decreasing detection gap between the number of notified MDR/RR-TB cases and the estimate number of MDR/RR-TB cases among all notified TB cases. The treatment success rate of MDR/RR-TB was 50.66% in this period. The rate of MDR/RR-TB in new TB cases was 6.23%, and this rate in previously treated TB cases was 32.7%. Despite the progress achieved, the prevalence of MDR/RR-TB was still high facing challenges including detection gaps, the regional disparity, and the high risk for MDR/RR-TB in elderly people and farmers. Sustained government financing and policy support should be guaranteed in the future.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Shorter Treatment Regimen in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Pakistan: A Multicenter Retrospective Record Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abudl Wahid ◽  
Nafees Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Ghafoor ◽  
Abdullah Latif ◽  
Fahad Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Retrospective Record Review ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Record Review

In Pakistan, the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with a shorter treatment regimen (STR), that is, 4–6 months of amikacin, moxifloxacin (Mfx), ethionamide, clofazimine (Cfz), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and high-dose isoniazid, followed by 5 months of Mfx, Cfz, Z, and E, was initiated in 2018. However, there is a lack of information about its effectiveness in Pakistani healthcare settings. Therefore, this retrospective record review of MDR-TB patients treated with STR at eight treatment sites in Pakistan aimed to fill this gap. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Multivariate binary logistic regression (MVBLR) analysis was conducted to find factors associated with death and treatment failure, and lost to follow-up (LTFU). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of 912 MDR-TB patients enrolled at the study sites, only 313 (34.3%) eligible patients were treated with STR and included in the current study. Of them, a total of 250 (79.9%) were cured, 12 (3.8%) completed treated, 31 (9.9%) died, 16 (5.1%) were LTFU, and four (1.3%) were declared as treatment failures. The overall treatment success rate was 83.7%. In MVBLR analysis, patients’ age of 41–60 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, P-value = 0.020) and > 60 years (OR = 3.6, P-value = 0.035), being underweight (OR = 2.7, P-value = 0.042), and previous TB treatment (OR = 0.4, P-value = 0.042) had statistically significant association with death and treatment failure, whereas patients’ age of > 60 years (OR = 5.4, P-value = 0.040) and previous TB treatment (OR = 0.2, P-value = 0.008) had statistically significant association with LTFU. The treatment success rate of STR was encouraging. However, to further improve the treatment outcomes, special attention should be paid to the patients with identified risk factors.

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