The Cement Prosthesis-Like Spacer: An Intermediate Halt on the Road to Healing

Background. Periprosthetic infections remain a devastating problem in the field of joint arthroplasty. In the following study, the results of a two-stage treatment protocol for chronic periprosthetic infections using an intraoperatively molded cement prosthesis-like spacer (CPLS) are presented.Methods. Seventy-five patients with chronically infected knee prosthesis received a two-stage revision procedure with the newly developed CPLS between June 2006 and June 2011. Based on the microorganism involved, patients were grouped into either easy to treat (ETT) or difficult to treat (DTT) and treated accordingly. Range of motion (ROM) and the knee society score (KSS) were utilized for functional assessment.Results. Mean duration of the CPLS implant in the DTT group was 3.6 months (range 3–5 months) and in the ETT group 1.3 months (range 0.7–2.5 months). Reinfection rates of the final prosthesis were 9.6% in the ETT and 8.3% in the DTT group with no significant difference between both groups regarding ROM or KSS (, , resp.).Conclusion. The results show that ETT patients do not necessitate the same treatment protocol as DTT patients to achieve the same goal, emphasizing the need to differentiate between therapeutic regimes. We also highlight the feasibility of CLPS in two-stage protocols.

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Validation of CO dispersion model due to the road position on the dominant wind direction on transport sector

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819713017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 13017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Surtia Bachtiar ◽

Purnawan ◽

Reri Afrianita ◽

Randa Anugerah

Keyword(s):

Wind Direction ◽

Dispersion Model ◽

Transport Sector ◽

The Road ◽

Validation Test ◽

Traffic Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Co Concentration ◽

On The Road ◽

Co Dispersion

This study aims to validate CO dispersion model due to the position of the road toward the dominant wind direction on the transport sector. Sampling for modelling was done on the road with the road angle to wind direction is 0 degree (Jend. A. Yani Road), 30 degree (Andalas Road) and 60 degree (Prof. Dr. Hamka Road). CO dispersion model was obtained from the relations between CO concentration with traffic volume, traffic speed, wind speed and dominant wind direction. Sampling for validation was done at three location points, i.e. Jend. Ahmad Yani Road, By Pass Road and Dr. Wahidin Road, each of which has a position of 0, 45 and 90 degrees toward dominant wind direction. Sampling for CO was done using impinger. Measurement of traffic characteristics and meteorological conditions was performed in conjunction with CO sampling. Validation test was done by using Pearson Product Moment formula and Test of Two Variance. Results of the Two-Variance Test showed no significant difference between two concentrations of CO model and CO measurement. It showed the Test Ratio (RUf) smaller than the Critical Point. Validation test using Pearson Product Moment showed that the CO model can be used for predicting CO dispersion.

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Influence of Autonomous Vehicles on Car-Following Behavior of Human Drivers

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119862628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (12) ◽

pp. 367-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yalda Rahmati ◽

Mohammadreza Khajeh Hosseini ◽

Alireza Talebpour ◽

Benjamin Swain ◽

Christopher Nelson

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Driving Behavior ◽

Data Driven ◽

Microscopic Simulation ◽

Car Following ◽

The Road ◽

Human Driver ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On The Road

Despite numerous studies on general human–robot interactions, in the context of transportation, automated vehicle (AV)–human driver interaction is not a well-studied subject. These vehicles have fundamentally different decision-making logic compared with human drivers and the driving interactions between AVs and humans can potentially change traffic flow dynamics. Accordingly, through an experimental study, this paper investigates whether there is a difference between human–human and human–AV interactions on the road. This study focuses on car-following behavior and conducted several car-following experiments utilizing Texas A&M University’s automated Chevy Bolt. Utilizing NGSIM US-101 dataset, two scenarios for a platoon of three vehicles were considered. For both scenarios, the leader of the platoon follows a series of speed profiles extracted from the NGSIM dataset. The second vehicle in the platoon can be either another human-driven vehicle (scenario A) or an AV (scenario B). Data is collected from the third vehicle in the platoon to characterize the changes in driving behavior when following an AV. A data-driven and a model-based approach were used to identify possible changes in driving behavior from scenario A to scenario B. The findings suggested there is a statistically significant difference between human drivers’ behavior in these two scenarios and human drivers felt more comfortable following the AV. Simulation results also revealed the importance of capturing these changes in human behavior in microscopic simulation models of mixed driving environments.

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Perbedaan Penyerapan Pb pada Berbagai Jenis Tanaman

Jurnal Sehat Mandiri ◽

10.33761/jsm.v15i1.220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 140-148

Author(s):

Sucia Elsa Azzahri ◽

Burhan Muslim ◽

Muchsin Riviwanto

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicles ◽

P Value ◽

The Road ◽

Study Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Wet Ashing ◽

Analytical Research ◽

The Government ◽

On The Road

Air pollution comes from many factors, one of which comes from vehicles where the smoke produced by motor vehicles contains dangerous heavy metals, Pb. Ujung Gurun Road is one of the densely populated roads which has many pollutant-absorbing plants that line the roadside. This research was conducted with the aim to determine differences in plant types in absorbing lead content (Pb) of air on the road. Analytical research with a comparative study approach. The measurement used is the Wet Ashing Method (wet ashing) for the destruction of the sample, then analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Data were analyzed using Anova test to see whether there were differences in Glondokan, Mahogany and Angsana plants in absorbing lead air. The results showed lead levels in leaves of glondokan plants were 0.9134 μg / g higher than leaves of mahogany plants as much as 0.764 ug / g and angsana 0.40 ug / g. There is a significant difference in the types of plants in the absorption of air Pb levels in Jalan Ujung Gurun Padang City with p value 0.002 where p <a. For this reason, the monday plant can be used as one of the plants that can be used as one of the government program plants for the absorption of Pb content of air produced by motor vehicles other than mahogany and angsana.

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The Effect of Using Chip and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

10.20944/preprints201810.0539.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yilmaz Turk

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

The Other ◽

Forest Road ◽

The Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sediment Loss ◽

On The Road ◽

Annual Amount ◽

Runoff Plots ◽

Sheet Erosion

This study compared the use of chip and slash to minimize the loss of sediment on newly constructed forest road slopes and investigated the annual amount of sediment loss on bare forest road slopes. A runoff block (sample field) was established for each of the four designated test sites (two cutslopes and two fillslopes). Each block had three runoff plots. One of the runoff plots was left empty for the control (CNT), while chip (C) and slash (S), respectively, were deposited in the other two. A total of 108 water samples were taken from the test sites and the amount of their suspended sediment calculated in the laboratory. As a result of this study, it was determined that the amount of soil loss in the control plots was about 1.26 times higher than in the slash plots and 2.21 times higher than in the chip plots. According to the results of variance analysis on the amounts of sediment, a statistically significant difference was found between the suspended sediment quantities transported on the road slopes (P <0.05). However, no statistically significant difference between the suspended sediment quantities transported in the plots and the other variables of aspect, gradient or road slope was revealed by the t-test (P >0.05).

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Investigation on the road mortality of Anuran species on the Ikorodu-Epe/Ejirin-Ijebu Ode Roads in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria

Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) ◽

10.4314/just.v37i2.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

A. B Onadeko ◽

O. S. Ogoanah

Keyword(s):

Biological Diversity ◽

Population Decline ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Vehicular Traffic ◽

Road Mortality ◽

Positive Direction ◽

The Road ◽

Anuran Species ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On The Road

The effect of road kills of anuran species by vehicular traffic on the Ikorodu-Epe/Ejirin-Ijebu Ode road in Lagos and Ogun States was investigated. The mean traffic density on the road during the survey (between 18:30-20:30hr and 06:00 and 07:00hr) was 127±45 vehicles/hr, which ranged between 72 and 216 vehicles/hr. A total of 738 anuran road mortalities among eight species were recorded [661 (89.6%) were identifiable, while 77 (10.4%) were not]. Ptychadena pumilio had the highest mortality of 67±27.1 individuals, while Xenopus muelleri and Aubria subsigillata were the least susceptible to road kills. This respectively represented 2.66±1.5 and 2.66±3 individuals each. Most mortality (256 individuals) occurred on the section of the road bordered by grassland/tertiary vegetation. However there was no significant difference (at P> 0.05) between the anurans killed along the different vegetation structures bordering the road (F2,21 = 0.415). About 473 live anurans belonging to five species were observed of which P. pumilio, the highest constituted the greatest number (81±42.9), while the least Hoplobatrachus occipitalis 7.3±4.2 was recorded. Both species had greater live counts than road kills compared to other anuran species that had greater road kills than live counts recorded. The greatest number of live anurans was recorded at where grassland/tertiaryvegetation occurred. This constituted a total of 198 individuals (41.8%), while the least occurred at the secondary/primaryvegetation which had 95 individuals (20%). However, the difference was not significant (F2,12 = 0.600) at P> 0.05. It is evident that anuran migration is an integral part of their biological activity. However vehicular traffic sadly possesses a negative effect on this activity. Precautionary measures are necessary to reduce population decline and possible extinction of not only the anuran species but also other wildlife species, which is a positive direction in the conservation of biological diversity. Keywords: Vehicular traffic, anuran, mortality, vegetation, road kill, conservation

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Ageing drivers’ mental workload in real-time driving tasks based on subjective and objective measures

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.v9i3b.9205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3B) ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman ◽

◽

Siti Zawiah Md Dawal ◽

Nukman Yusoff ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Workload ◽

Control Group ◽

Complex Situation ◽

The Road ◽

Task Load ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nasa Tlx ◽

On The Road ◽

Nasa Task Load Index ◽

And Control

The ageing drivers’ population is increasing rapidly, and they are exposed to disabilities due to degenerative processes, thus affecting their driving performance. The main objective of this study is to determine the mental workload of ageing drivers, while the second objective is to compare the mental workload between ageing drivers and control group. The methodology consisted of on-the-road experimental driving tasks that comprised three levels of situation complexity. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured on 30 drivers. The NASA-TLX scores revealed that the ageing drivers’ mean physical demand score was the highest compared to others in moderately complex situation and very complex situation, scoring 37.25 and 43.50, respectively. Meanwhile, for electroencephalogram signals’ fluctuation, results showed that situation complexity had significant effects on RPθ and RPα of channel locations FZPZ and O1O2. There was a significant difference in the weighted workload scores for the ageing drivers and control group in simple situation, while there was no significant difference found in RPθ and RPα bands at all channel locations. The findings would be beneficial as a guideline for designers, manufacturers, developers, and policy makers in designing better driving environment for ageing drivers.

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The Effects of Using Wood Chips and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110712 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 712 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yilmaz Turk

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

The Other ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Forest Road ◽

The Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sediment Loss ◽

On The Road ◽

Annual Amount ◽

Runoff Plots

This study compared the use of wood chips and slash to reduce the loss of sediment on newly constructed forest road slopes and investigated the annual amount of sediment loss on bare forest road slopes. A runoff block (sample field) was established for each of the four designated test sites (two cutslopes and two fillslopes). Each block had three runoff plots. One of the runoff plots was left empty for the control (CNT), while wood chips (C) and slash (S), respectively, were deposited in the other two. A total of 108 water samples were taken from the test sites and the amount of their suspended sediment calculated in the laboratory. As a result of this study, it was determined that the amount of soil loss in the control plots was about 1.26 times higher than in the slash plots and 2.21 times higher than in the wood chips plots. According to the results of variance analysis on the amounts of sediment, a statistically significant difference was found between the suspended sediment quantities transported on the road slopes (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference between the suspended sediment quantities transported in the plots and the other variables of aspect, gradient or road slope was revealed by the t-test (p > 0.05).

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Driving while navigating: On-road driving performance using GPS or printed instructions

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0008417419831390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lauren Marchman Cochran ◽

Anne E. Dickerson

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Point System ◽

The Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On The Road ◽

And Performance ◽

High Level ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Better Than

Background. Route navigation is a high-level skill and requires intact executive functioning to successfully find one’s way while driving in unfamiliar environments. Purpose. Driving performances were compared while navigating using electronic devices and printed directions on unfamiliar driving routes as well as in an interactive driving simulator. Method. Twenty-four participants drove two on-road routes using GPS and printed directions, and navigated using printed directions in the simulator, using a point system to evaluate performance. The two unfamiliar routes, order of simulator and on-road driving, and use of GPS and printed directions were counterbalanced. Paired t test were used to compare both GPS versus printed directions and performance between on-road driving and the simulator. Findings. Participants’ performance using GPS on the road was significantly better than with printed directions. There was no significant difference between performance in the simulator and on the road. Implications. Using GPS may be an effective strategy for improving safety. Using a driving simulator may be an efficient means of evaluating the strategic level of driving, executive function, and readiness to drive.

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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS PRESSURES IN THE VEHICLE WHEELS ON THE WHEEL GEOMETRY

The National Transport University Bulletin ◽

10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-210-220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (50) ◽

pp. 210-220

Author(s):

LEW K ◽

Keyword(s):

Automatic Device ◽

Steering System ◽

Front Axle ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Steering Wheel ◽

The Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On The Road ◽

Toe Angle ◽

The Impact

The steering system in a vehicle is one of the main systems that ensures its controllability and is important for road safety. The steering system consists of two main mechanisms, namely the steering gear, the task of which is to convert the rotary motion into reciprocating motion, and the steering gear, the task of which is to ensure the correct steering of the vehicle. In this case, the steering system is interconnected with the suspension of the car, in which there are four main angles of the wheels that are responsible for the correct maneuverability of the vehicle, namely: camber angle, toe angle, angle of rotation of the axle of the fist and the angle of inclination of the pivot axis of the fist. Measuring the geometry of a vehicle's suspension has several interrelated purposes. One of them is the modification of the stability of the vehicle, that is, the effective impact on the maintenance of the vehicle on the road. Handling also depends on the geometry setting and ensures proper maintenance on the road. Well adjusted geometry ensures even tire wear on each axle. The purpose of the steering system is to maintain the correct position of the steering wheel in relation to the steering wheels. The tests were carried out in stationary conditions at the diagnostic station of the Rzeszow University of Technology using an automatic device for measuring and regulating the air pressure in the tires of the Unitrol PA-10K car and the Launch X-631 car wheel alignment system. The object of the study was a passenger car of the Opel Agila brand. The tests were carried out for various values of air pressure in the car wheels. Based on the above, the task was set - to demonstrate how incorrect air pressure in the wheels of a car changes the angles of inclination of the wheels of the car. When analyzing the obtained test results, it was found that the pressure in the wheels, different from the nominal, but the same in each wheel, does not significantly affect the change in the values of the parameters of the angles of inclination of the vehicle wheels. If the pressure in the wheels on one side of the vehicle drops by 1 bar, there is a significant difference in the camber angles of the front axle. Changes in the air pressure in one of the rear wheels of the car do not significantly affect the angles of inclination of the car wheels. KEY WORDS: AIR PRESSURE IN THE WHEELS, UNEVEN PRESSURE, WHEEL MOUNTING ANGLES, CAMBER AND TOE ANGLES, STEERING.

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Proposal of the Tire Longitudinal Characteristics Real-Time Estimation Method

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2018.p0811 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 811-818

Author(s):

Yuuki Shiozawa ◽

◽

Shunsuke Tsukuda ◽

Hiroshi Mouri

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Real Time ◽

Vehicle Dynamics ◽

Surface Condition ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Road Surface ◽

Force Estimation ◽

The Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On The Road

For vehicle dynamics control and Autonomous Driving (AD) system, it is important to know the friction coefficient μ of the road surface accurately. It is because the lateral and the longitudinal force characteristics of the tire depend on the road surface condition largely. However, currently, it is difficult to detect tire performance degradation before the deterioration of vehicle dynamics in real time because tire force estimation is usually conducted by comparing the observed vehicle motion with the onboard reference vehicle-model motion. Such conventional estimators do not perform well if there is a significant difference between the vehicle and the model behavior. In this paper, a new tire state estimation method based on this tire longitudinal characteristic is proposed. In addition, the estimator for tire-road surface friction coefficient μ is proposed by using this geometric relationship. Using this method, the friction coefficient value for a real road can be determined from relatively simple calculations. Also, the advantage of this method is that it can be estimated in a small slip region before the tire loses its grip. In addition, this paper explain how to apply and the effect on the actual vehicle.

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