Study of Evolution Model of China Education and Research Network

By searching the hyperlinks with domain name “.edu.cn” which constitutes the China Education and Research Network, we build a complex directed network containing 366,422 web pages containing 540,755 URLs. These URLs constitute a complex directed network through self-organization. By analyzing the topology of China Education and Research Network, we found that it is different from the common Internet in several aspects. Most of the vertices have incoming links, a few vertices have outgoing links, and very few vertices have both incoming and outgoing links. The vertex distribution has a power-law tail. A large proportion of newly added edges always connect with those pages selected from one subnetwork that they belong to, instead of connecting with the pages selected from the whole network. According to these features, we presented the evolution model of this complex directed network. The results indicate that this model reflects some main characteristics of China Education and Research Network.

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THE ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SELF-COMMUNICATION DISCOURSE AS AN INTERNAL DIALOGUE

Vektor nauki Tol yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Seriya Pedagogika i psihologiya ◽

10.18323/2221-5662-2021-1-73-81 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

I. A. Shapoval ◽

Keyword(s):

Differentiation Of Self ◽

Mental Content ◽

Self Concept ◽

Self Organization ◽

Common Goal ◽

The Core ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Internal Dialogue ◽

Study Results ◽

The Common

The paper presents the interdisciplinary analysis of the determinants of the system of self-communication discourse and internal dialogue as the forms of objectivation of human mental content focused on some actions for meeting some objectives. The author describes discourse as integration of communication and language processes in self-understanding and personal identity. Contextually determined and dynamic self-communication discourse, as a way of acquirement of new senses and confirmation of old ones, verbalizes current personal values. The study results reveal the characteristics and relations of the internal dialogue discourse determinants within the human objectivity–subjectivity continuum. Discourse determinants prescribe its context and rules and include the prototype place and agents with their motives and objectives. Self-positions manifested in Self and Non-Self (Other Self) binary self-predications form the core pair of agents. The modality of a person’s attitude to own Self-positions makes their communications a dialogue or a monologue on the boundary of their sub-territories as a discourse prototype place. The degree of discourse agency, its closeness within the prototype place, or transgression openness depends on the complexity and differentiation of Self-concept and ego boundaries functionality. The frustration of meta-necessity to keep self-confidence and self-acceptance by reassessment and reformation of interrelations of Self-positions determines the motives and objectives of self-communication. The common goal of self-organization is implemented through the internal dialogue in the form of institutionalization, verification, and integration of their Self-predications. Status-role characteristics of agents and functionality of discourse prototype place determine the specificity of its motives and objectives according to the systemic effects of Self-organization.

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A Simulation of the Structure of the World-Wide Web

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.684 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 9-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Moses Boudourides ◽

Gerasimos Antypas

Keyword(s):

World Wide Web ◽

Power Law ◽

Web Sites ◽

World Wide ◽

The Internet ◽

Web Pages ◽

Small Worlds ◽

Web Page ◽

Simple Simulation ◽

The World

In this paper we are presenting a simple simulation of the Internet World-Wide Web, where one observes the appearance of web pages belonging to different web sites, covering a number of different thematic topics and possessing links to other web pages. The goal of our simulation is to reproduce the form of the observed World-Wide Web and of its growth, using a small number of simple assumptions. In our simulation, existing web pages may generate new ones as follows: First, each web page is equipped with a topic concerning its contents. Second, links between web pages are established according to common topics. Next, new web pages may be randomly generated and subsequently they might be equipped with a topic and be assigned to web sites. By repeated iterations of these rules, our simulation appears to exhibit the observed structure of the World-Wide Web and, in particular, a power law type of growth. In order to visualise the network of web pages, we have followed N. Gilbert's (1997) methodology of scientometric simulation, assuming that web pages can be represented by points in the plane. Furthermore, the simulated graph is found to possess the property of small worlds, as it is the case with a large number of other complex networks.

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RANDOM WALKS ON DIRECTED NETWORKS: THE CASE OF PAGERANK

International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos ◽

10.1142/s0218127407018439 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (07) ◽

pp. 2343-2353 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

SANTO FORTUNATO ◽

ALESSANDRO FLAMMINI

Keyword(s):

Random Walk ◽

Power Law ◽

Degree Distribution ◽

Directed Graphs ◽

Damping Factor ◽

Web Pages ◽

Stationary Probability ◽

Exact Results ◽

Limit Values ◽

Underlying Graph

PageRank, the prestige measure for Web pages used by Google, is the stationary probability of a peculiar random walk on directed graphs, which interpolates between a pure random walk and a process where all nodes have the same probability of being visited. We give some exact results on the distribution of PageRank in the cases in which the damping factor q approaches the two limit values 0 and 1. When q → 0 and for several classes of graphs the distribution is a power law with exponent 2, regardless of the in-degree distribution. When q → 1 it can always be derived from the in-degree distribution of the underlying graph, if the out-degree is the same for all nodes.

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Is Domain Highlighting Actually Helpful in Identifying Phishing Web Pages?

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720816684064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 640-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aiping Xiong ◽

Robert W. Proctor ◽

Weining Yang ◽

Ninghui Li

Keyword(s):

Eye Gaze ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Web Pages ◽

Web Page ◽

Domain Name ◽

Heat Map ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Two Phases ◽

Phishing Detection ◽

Better Than

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of domain highlighting in helping users identify whether Web pages are legitimate or spurious. Background: As a component of the URL, a domain name can be overlooked. Consequently, browsers highlight the domain name to help users identify which Web site they are visiting. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of domain highlighting, and the only formal study confounded highlighting with instructions to look at the address bar. Method: We conducted two phishing detection experiments. Experiment 1 was run online: Participants judged the legitimacy of Web pages in two phases. In Phase 1, participants were to judge the legitimacy based on any information on the Web page, whereas in Phase 2, they were to focus on the address bar. Whether the domain was highlighted was also varied. Experiment 2 was conducted similarly but with participants in a laboratory setting, which allowed tracking of fixations. Results: Participants differentiated the legitimate and fraudulent Web pages better than chance. There was some benefit of attending to the address bar, but domain highlighting did not provide effective protection against phishing attacks. Analysis of eye-gaze fixation measures was in agreement with the task performance, but heat-map results revealed that participants’ visual attention was attracted by the highlighted domains. Conclusion: Failure to detect many fraudulent Web pages even when the domain was highlighted implies that users lacked knowledge of Web page security cues or how to use those cues. Application: Potential applications include development of phishing prevention training incorporating domain highlighting with other methods to help users identify phishing Web pages.

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Collisional Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Fokker–Planck and N-body models

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900207705 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 449-450

Author(s):

Koji Takahashi ◽

Tomohiro Sensui ◽

Yoko Funato ◽

Junichiro Makino

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Dynamical Evolution ◽

Cluster Center ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Clusters Of Galaxies ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Self Consistent ◽

The Common ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Fokker Planck

We investigate the dynamical evolution of clusters of galaxies in virial equilibrium by using Fokker–Planck models and self-consistent N-body models. In particular we focus on the growth of the common halos and the development of the central density cusps in the clusters. We find good agreement between the Fokker–Planck and N-body models. At the cluster center the cusp approximated by a power law, ρ(r) ∝ r-α (α ∼ 1), develops. We conclude that this shallow cusp results from the combined effects of two-body relaxation and tidal stripping. The cusp steepness α weakly depends on the relative importance of tidal stripping.

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Power-law correlations and coupling of active and quiet states underlie a class of complex systems with self-organization at criticality

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/202023000005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 230 ◽

pp. 00005

Author(s):

Fabrizio Lombardi ◽

Jilin W.J.L. Wang ◽

Xiyun Zhang ◽

Plamen Ch Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Active Phase ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Temporal Organization ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Self Organization ◽

Specific Power ◽

Earthquake Dynamics ◽

Phase Duration ◽

Collective Behaviors

Physical and biological systems often exhibit intermittent dynamics with bursts or avalanches (active states) characterized by power-law size and duration distributions. These emergent features are typical of systems at the critical point of continuous phase transitions, and have led to the hypothesis that such systems may self-organize at criticality, i.e. without any fine tuning of parameters. Since the introduction of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) model, the paradigm of self-organized criticality (SOC) has been very fruitful for the analysis of emergent collective behaviors in a number of systems, including the brain. Although considerable effort has been devoted in identifying and modeling scaling features of burst and avalanche statistics, dynamical aspects related to the temporal organization of bursts remain often poorly understood or controversial. Of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms responsible for emergent behaviors is the relationship between active and quiet periods, and the nature of the correlations. Here we investigate the dynamics of active (θ-bursts) and quiet states (δ-bursts) in brain activity during the sleep-wake cycle. We show the duality of power-law (θ, active phase) and exponential-like (δ, quiescent phase) duration distributions, typical of SOC, jointly emerge with power-law temporal correlations and anti-correlated coupling between active and quiet states. Importantly, we demonstrate that such temporal organization shares important similarities with earthquake dynamics, and propose that specific power-law correlations and coupling between active and quiet states are distinctive characteristics of a class of systems with self-organization at criticality.

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Critical Analysis of Major Search Engines

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2019.8239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 3712-3716

Author(s):

Kailash Kumar ◽

Abdulaziz Al-Besher

Keyword(s):

Search Engine ◽

Search Engines ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Research Paper ◽

Web Pages ◽

Ranking Algorithm ◽

Unveiling the Evolution of Type I AGNs in the IR (15μm) — As Seen by ISO in the ELAIS-S1 Region

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100030645 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 167-172

Author(s):

Israel Matute ◽

Fabio La Franca ◽

Carlotta Gruppioni ◽

Francesca Pozzi ◽

Carlo Lari

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Luminosity Function ◽

Evolution Model ◽

Cosmological Evolution ◽

Type I ◽

Infrared Background ◽

Power Law Function ◽

Cosmic Infrared Background ◽

Luminosity Evolution

AbstractWe present the first estimate of the evolution of type 1 AGNs in the IR (15 μm) obtained from the ELAIS survey in the S1 region. We find that the luminosity function (LF) of Type 1 AGNs at 15μm is fairly well represented by a double power-law function with a bright slope of 2.9 and a faint slope of 1.1. There is evidence for significant cosmological evolution according to a pure luminosity evolution model L15(z)α(l+z)k, with in a (Ωm,ΩΛ)=(1.0,0.0) cosmology. This evolution is similar to what is observed at other wavebands. From the luminosity function and its evolution, we estimate a contribution of ~ 2% from Type 1 AGN to the total Cosmic Infrared Background (CIRB) at 15 μm.

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SELF-ORGANIZED CORONA GRAPHS: A DETERMINISTIC COMPLEX NETWORK MODEL WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

Advances in Complex Systems ◽

10.1142/s021952591950019x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (06) ◽

pp. 1950019

Author(s):

ROHAN SHARMA ◽

BIBHAS ADHIKARI ◽

TYLL KRUEGER

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Small World ◽

Self Organization ◽

Scale Free ◽

Self Organized ◽

Power Law Exponent ◽

Growing Networks ◽

Growing Network ◽

Hierarchical Pattern ◽

Corona Graphs

In this paper, we propose a self-organization mechanism for newly appeared nodes during the formation of corona graphs that define a hierarchical pattern in the resulting corona graphs and we call it self-organized corona graphs (SoCG). We show that the degree distribution of SoCG follows power-law in its tail with power-law exponent approximately 2. We also show that the diameter is less equal to 4 for SoCG defined by any seed graph and for certain seed graphs, the diameter remains constant during its formation. We derive lower bounds of clustering coefficients of SoCG defined by certain seed graphs. Thus, the proposed SoCG can be considered as a growing network generative model which is defined by using the corona graphs and a self-organization process such that the resulting graphs are scale-free small-world highly clustered growing networks. The SoCG defined by a seed graph can also be considered as a network with a desired motif which is the seed graph itself.

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The N-star network evolution model

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/jpr.2019.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 416-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

István Fazekas ◽

Csaba Noszály ◽

Attila Perecsényi

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Preferential Attachment ◽

Network Evolution ◽

Evolution Model ◽

Asymptotic Power ◽

Star Network ◽

Power Law Distributions

AbstractA new network evolution model is introduced in this paper. The model is based on cooperations of N units. The units are the nodes of the network and the cooperations are indicated by directed links. At each evolution step N units cooperate, which formally means that they form a directed N-star subgraph. At each step either a new unit joins the network and it cooperates with N − 1 old units, or N old units cooperate. During the evolution both preferential attachment and uniform choice are applied. Asymptotic power law distributions are obtained both for in-degrees and for out-degrees.

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